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Accreting Millisecond X-ray Pulsars

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Timing Neutron Stars: Pulsations, Oscillations and Explosions

Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 461))

Abstract

Accreting Millisecond X-ray Pulsars (AMXPs) are astrophysical laboratories without parallel in the study of extreme physics. In this chapter we review the past 15 years of discoveries in the field. We summarize the observations of the 15 known AMXPs, with a particular emphasis on the multi-wavelength observations that have been carried out since the discovery of the first AMXP in 1998. We review accretion torque theory, the pulse formation process, and how AMXP observations have changed our view on the interaction of plasma and magnetic fields in strong gravity. We also explain how the AMXPs have deepened our understanding of the thermonuclear burst process, in particular the phenomenon of burst oscillations. We conclude with a discussion of the open problems that remain to be addressed in the future.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    A new transition from a radio pulsar to a LMXB has happened and is currently ongoing at the moment of writing this review [265, 313].

  2. 2.

    Hydrogen rich donor stars never reach orbital periods below ∼80 min [282].

  3. 3.

    Note, however, that the spin-up line depends on several parameters which are difficult to constrain like the angle α. Its position in the \(P-\dot {P}\) diagram is therefore subject to uncertainties (see [329] for a discussion).

  4. 4.

    Fast variability appears in black hole LMXBs below ∼500 Hz as “high frequency QPOs”.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank C. Heinke, J. Poutanen, R. Lovelace, M. Linares, T. Tauris, D. Altamirano, B. Haskell, P. D’Avanzo, D. Bhattacharya, J. Hessels, C. D’Angelo and N. Masetti for providing useful comments and suggestions. We acknowledge support from two NWO Vidi fellowships.

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  1. Institute of Space Sciences, CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas), Barcelona, Spain

    Alessandro Patruno

  2. Astronomical Institute “Anton Pannekoek”, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Anna L. Watts

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  1. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Italy

    Tomaso M. Belloni

  2. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Mariano Méndez

  3. National Astronomical Observatories and The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Chengmin Zhang

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Patruno, A., Watts, A.L. (2021). Accreting Millisecond X-ray Pulsars. In: Belloni, T.M., Méndez, M., Zhang, C. (eds) Timing Neutron Stars: Pulsations, Oscillations and Explosions. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 461. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62110-3_4

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