The Arabian Peninsula and Iraq

Chapters in this book

1. Frontmatter I
2. Contents V
3. Regional Overview
4. Regional Overview
5. Scandinavia 1747
6. Regional Overview
7. The British Isles 1754
8. Regional Overview
9. The Low Countries 1758
10. Regional Overview
11. The German-Speaking Countries 1765
12. Regional Overview
13. Switzerland 1772
14. Regional Overview
15. France 1787
16. Regional Overview
17. Italy 1792
18. Regional Overview
19. The Iberian Peninsula 1802
20. Regional Overview
21. Hungarian In- and Outside Hungary 1811
22. Regional Overview
23. Rumänien und Moldau 1818
24. Regional Overview
25. The South-Slavic Area 1824
26. Regional Overview
27. The West-Slavic Languages 1837
28. Regional Overview
29. The East-Slavic Area 1851
30. Regional Overview
31. The Baltic States 1864
32. Regional Overview
33. Gypsy Languages 1870
34. Regional Overview
35. Albania 1874
36. Regional Overview
37. Greece and Cyprus 1881
38. Regional Overview
39. Central Asia and Mongolia 1889
40. Regional Overview
41. Georgia 1897
42. Regional Overview
43. Armenia 1900
44. Regional Overview
45. Turkey 1903
46. Regional Overview
47. Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan 1911
48. Regional Overview
49. The Arabic-speaking Middle East 1917
50. Regional Overview
51. Israel and the Jewish Languages 1924
52. Regional Overview
53. The Arabian Peninsula and Iraq 1930
54. Regional Overview
55. North Africa 1941
56. Regional Overview
57. Francophone West Africa 1946
58. Regional Overview
59. Sudan and the Horn of Africa 1951
60. Regional Overview
61. Anglophone West Africa 1957
62. Regional Overview
63. East Africa 1964
64. Regional Overview
65. Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi 1972
66. Regional Overview
67. Lusophone Africa 1975
68. Regional Overview
69. Southern Africa 1981
70. Regional Overview
71. Madagascar and the Comoros 1987
72. Regional Overview
73. The Indian Ocean 1989
74. Regional Overview
75. South Asia 1990
76. Regional Overview
77. China 1998
78. Regional Overview
79. Mainland Southeast Asia 2007
80. Regional Overview
81. Malaysia and Insular Southeast Asia 2014
82. Regional Overview
83. Japan und Korea 2021
84. Regional Overview
85. Australia and New Zealand 2025
86. Regional Overview
87. The South Pacific 2034
88. Regional Overview
89. Canada 2045
90. Regional Overview
91. The USA 2052
92. Regional Overview
93. Bermuda and the Bahamas 2066
94. Regional Overview
95. Mexico and Central America 2073
96. Regional Overview
97. The Hispanophone Caribbean 2081
98. Regional Overview
99. The Anglophone Caribbean 2083
100. Regional Overview
101. The Francophone Caribbean 2096
102. Regional Overview
103. The Dutch- speaking Caribbean 2105
104. Regional Overview
105. Hispanophone South America 2115
106. Regional Overview
107. Brazil 2125
108. Regional Overview
109. English in the South Atlantic Ocean 2131
110. Linguistic Change, Sociolinguistic Aspects
111. Linguistic Change, Sociolinguistic Aspects
112. The Relationship between Linguistic and Social Change 2138
113. Linguistic Change, Sociolinguistic Aspects
114. Der Übergang von Oralität zu Skribalität in soziolinguistischer Perspektive 2147
115. Regional Overview
116. The Alphabetization of Speech Communities 2170
117. Regional Overview
118. Convergence and Divergence of Regional Varieties 2189
119. Regional Overview
120. Development and Reform of Standard Languages and Destandardization 2197
121. Regional Overview
122. Sociolinguistic Aspects of Social Modernization 2209
123. Regional Overview
124. The Development of Languages for Special Purposes 2223
125. Regional Overview
126. Colonization and Decolonization 2233
127. Regional Overview
128. The Development of Language Empires 2240
129. Regional Overview
130. Language Maintenance, Language Decline and Language Death 2258
131. Regional Overview
132. Migration and Language 2271
133. Regional Overview
134. Sociolinguistic Developments as a Diffusion Process 2285
135. Regional Overview
136. Language Spread 2299
137. Regional Overview
138. Language History and Historical Sociolinguistics 2307
139. Application
140. Application
141. Forensic Sociolinguistics 2316
142. Application
143. Discourse Analysis and the Law 2323
144. Regional Overview
145. The Sociolinguistics of Ageing 2334
146. Regional Overview
147. Sociolinguistics and Mother-Tongue Education 2341
148. Regional Overview
149. Discourse in the Classroom 2351
150. Regional Overview
151. Sociolinguistics and Second Language Teaching 2367
152. Regional Overview
153. Sociolinguistics and Foreign Language Teaching 2376
154. Regional Overview
155. Language Planning: Standardization 2384
156. Regional Overview
157. Language Planning — Language Determination 2394
158. Regional Overview
159. Language Planning: Graphization and the Development of Writing Systems 2402
160. Regional Overview
161. Language Planning: Modernization 2421
162. Regional Overview
163. Language Maintenance and Reversing Language Shift 2431
164. Regional Overview
165. Language Revival 2442
166. Regional Overview
167. Language Cultivation 2453
168. Regional Overview
169. Lexicography and Sociolinguistics 2461
170. Regional Overview
171. Sociolinguistics and Linguistic Minorities 2473
172. Regional Overview
173. Choosing an Official Language 2484
174. Regional Overview
175. Applied Linguistic Gender Research 2494
176. Regional Overview
177. Sociolinguistics and Speech Therapy 2523
178. Regional Overview
179. Therapeutic Discourse 2531
180. Regional Overview
181. Sociolinguistics and Intercultural Communication 2537
182. Regional Overview
183. Applied Social Dialectology 2546
184. Regional Overview
185. Rhetorik 2555
186. Regional Overview
187. Revealing the Implications of Ideological Language Use 2566
188. Regional Overview
189. Linguistic Human Rights 2575
190. Subject Index 2585