-sam
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sam"
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German -sam, from Old High German -sam, from Proto-West Germanic *-sam, from Proto-Germanic *-samaz, from Proto-Germanic *samaz, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós. Cognate with English -some and Dutch -zaam. Related also to Old High German samo (“the same”) and sama (“similary”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /za(ː)m/, [zaːm], [zam], (chiefly southern also) [s-]
- The prescriptive standard has a long vowel, but in practice both forms are common and widely unmarked.
- Apart from southerners with a generally devoiced /z/, some speakers devoice it when -sam follows obstruents, e.g. in wirksam. (Compare the suffix -sen, where this is the rule.)
Audio: (file)
Suffix
[edit]-sam
- Used to form adjectives from verbs, nouns, and other adjectives; expressing similarity or the possession of a quality.
- Used to form adjectives from verbs; expressing the ability to undergo some action.
Usage notes
[edit]- The suffix is now of very limited productivity at most.
Derived terms
[edit]Latin
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-sam
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-sam
- used to form adjectives
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “-sam” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Irish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-sam
- Alternative form of -som
See also
[edit]| person | emphatic suffixes |
|---|---|
| 1 sg | -se, -sa |
| 2 sg | -siu, -so, -su |
| 3 sg m or n | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
| 3 sg f | -si |
| 1 pl | -ni, -nai, -sni |
| 2 pl | -si |
| 3 pl | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object.
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse -samr, from Proto-Germanic *-samaz, a suffix form of *samaz (“same”).
Suffix
[edit]-sam
- -some; creating adjectives, mostly out of nouns
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- -sam in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 1-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German adjective-forming suffixes
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin suffix forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish suffixes
- Old Irish emphatic suffixes
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes