berak

Basque

Etymology 1

Determiner

berak

1. absolutive plural of bera (“the same”)
2. ergative singular of bera (“the same”)

Pronoun

berak

1. ergative singular of bera (“he, she, it”)

Etymology 2

Adjective

berak

1. absolutive plural of bera (“soft”)
2. ergative indefinite of bera (“soft”)
3. ergative singular of bera (“soft”)

Hungarian

Etymology

be- (“in”) +‎ rak (“to place, put”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɛrɒk]
• Hyphenation: be‧rak
• Rhymes: -ɒk

Verb

berak

1. (transitive) to put in (to place inside)

   Synonym: betesz

Conjugation

Conjugation of berak

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	berakok	beraksz	berak	berakunk	beraktok	beraknak
			def.	berakom	berakod	berakja	berakjuk	berakjátok	berakják
			2nd obj	beraklak
		past	indef.	beraktam	beraktál	berakott	beraktunk	beraktatok	beraktak
			def.	beraktam	beraktad	berakta	beraktuk	beraktátok	berakták
			2nd obj	beraktalak
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. be fog rakni.
archaic preterite		indef.	berakék	berakál	beraka	berakánk	berakátok	berakának
		def.	berakám	berakád	beraká	berakánk	berakátok	berakák
		2nd obj	berakálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. berak vala, berakott vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	berakandok	berakandasz	berakand	berakandunk	berakandotok	berakandanak
	def.	berakandom	berakandod	berakandja	berakandjuk	berakandjátok	berakandják
	2nd obj	berakandalak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	beraknék	beraknál	berakna	beraknánk	beraknátok	beraknának
		def.	beraknám	beraknád	berakná	beraknánk (or beraknók)	beraknátok	beraknák
		2nd obj	beraknálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. berakott volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	berakjak	berakj or berakjál	berakjon	berakjunk	berakjatok	berakjanak
			def.	berakjam	berakd or berakjad	berakja	berakjuk	berakjátok	berakják
			2nd obj	berakjalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. berakott légyen
infinitive	berakni		beraknom	beraknod	beraknia	beraknunk	beraknotok	berakniuk
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
	berakás		berakó	berakott	berakandó	berakva (berakván)		berakat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem rak be or be is rak.

Potential conjugation of berak

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	berakhatok	berakhatsz	berakhat	berakhatunk	berakhattok	berakhatnak
			def.	berakhatom	berakhatod	berakhatja	berakhatjuk	berakhatjátok	berakhatják
			2nd obj	berakhatlak
		past	indef.	berakhattam	berakhattál	berakhatott	berakhattunk	berakhattatok	berakhattak
			def.	berakhattam	berakhattad	berakhatta	berakhattuk	berakhattátok	berakhatták
			2nd obj	berakhattalak
archaic preterite		indef.	berakhaték	berakhatál	berakhata	berakhatánk	berakhatátok	berakhatának
		def.	berakhatám	berakhatád	berakhatá	berakhatánk	berakhatátok	berakhaták
		2nd obj	berakhatálak
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. berakhat vala, berakhatott vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	berakhatandok or berakandhatok	berakhatandasz or berakandhatsz	berakhatand or berakandhat	berakhatandunk or berakandhatunk	berakhatandotok or berakandhattok	berakhatandanak or berakandhatnak
	def.	berakhatandom or berakandhatom	berakhatandod or berakandhatod	berakhatandja or berakandhatja	berakhatandjuk or berakandhatjuk	berakhatandjátok or berakandhatjátok	berakhatandják or berakandhatják
	2nd obj	berakhatandalak or berakandhatlak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	berakhatnék	berakhatnál	berakhatna	berakhatnánk	berakhatnátok	berakhatnának
		def.	berakhatnám	berakhatnád	berakhatná	berakhatnánk (or berakhatnók)	berakhatnátok	berakhatnák
		2nd obj	berakhatnálak
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. berakhatott volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	berakhassak	berakhass or berakhassál	berakhasson	berakhassunk	berakhassatok	berakhassanak
			def.	berakhassam	berakhasd or berakhassad	berakhassa	berakhassuk	berakhassátok	berakhassák
			2nd obj	berakhassalak
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. berakhatott légyen
infinitive	(berakhatni)		(berakhatnom)	(berakhatnod)	(berakhatnia)	(berakhatnunk)	(berakhatnotok)	(berakhatniuk)
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
	berakható			berakhatatlan		(berakhatva / berakhatván)
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem rakhat be or be is rakhat.

Further reading

• berak in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• berak in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Indonesian

Etymology 1

From Malay berak, cognate with Banjarese bahira.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛ.rak/, /bɛ.raʔ/
• Hyphenation: be‧rak

Noun

berak

1. poop; feces; shit

   Synonyms: tahi, tinja

2. defecation, defaecation

Synonyms

• buang air besar
• defekasi
• penyahtinjaan (Standard Malay)

Verb

berak

1. to poop; to defecate; to shit

   Synonyms: buang air besar, BAB, boker, beol

Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay berak (“suction (of mud and viscous matter)”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /bəˈrak/ [bəˈrak̚]
• Rhymes: -ak
• Syllabification: be‧rak

Root

berak

1. sunk

Derived terms

• terberak

• berak hijau
• berak kapur

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Javanese ꦧꦼꦫꦏ꧀ (berak, “rotten, spoiled”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /bəˈrak/ [bəˈrak̚]
• Rhymes: -ak
• Syllabification: be‧rak

Adjective

berak (comparative lebih berak, superlative paling berak)

1. rotten, spoiled

   Synonym: busuk

Etymology 4

Affixation of ber- +‎ rak.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /bəˈrak/ [bəˈrak̚]
• Rhymes: -ak
• Syllabification: be‧rak

Verb

berak

1. having shelf

Further reading

• “berak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *bahiraʔ. Cognate with Banjarese bahira.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [beˈräʔ]
• Rhymes: -aʔ

Noun

berak (Jawi spelling بيرق, plural berak-berak)

1. poop; feces; shit.

Synonyms

• tahi, tinja, air besar

Verb

berak (Jawi spelling بيرق)

1. to poop; to shit; to defecate.

Synonyms

• buang air besar

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• memberakkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• memberaki [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• terberak [agentless action] (teR-)
• terberak-berak [reduplication + agentless action] (redup + teR-)

Further reading

• “berak” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.