Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2018 Mar 6:5:440-447.
doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.03.007. eCollection 2018.

A comprehensive review on chromium induced alterations in fresh water fishes

A Bakshi  1 , A K Panigrahi  2
Affiliations
Review

A comprehensive review on chromium induced alterations in fresh water fishes

A Bakshi et al. Toxicol Rep. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Chromium is considered as one of the most common ubiquitous pollutants in the aquatic environment, but the pure metallic form is absent naturally. There are three oxidation states in case of Chromium viz., Cr (II), Cr (III), Cr (VI). Among which Cr (II) is most unstable. Cr (III) and Cr (VI) are the stable oxidation state of Chromium in the environment. Being one of the commonly used metals Chromium and its particulates enter the aquatic medium through effluents discharged from different industries like textiles, tanneries, electroplating workshops, ore mining, dyeing, printing-photographic and medical industries. Among these, hexavalent chromium is considered as the most toxic form because it readily passes cellular membranes and then reduced to trivalent form. This trivalent chromium combines with several macromolecules including genetic material inside the cytosol, and is ultimately exposes the toxic and mutagenic alterations due of chromium toxicity. Chromium is taken up either through gastrointestinal tract or respiratory tract. The amount varies depending upon the medium and the form of chromium. In this review, an attempt has been made to accumulate the mammoth available data regarding impact of chromium on fresh water fishes into a systematic representation. The main objective of the review is to provide a future guideline for the scientific community and public officials involved in health risk assessment and management ensuring a better environmental condition for human health.

Keywords: Acute; Chromium; Chronic; Fish; Fresh water; Hexavalent; Lethal concentration; Risk assessment; Toxicity; Trivalent.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Praveena M., Sandeep V., Kavitha N., Jayantha Rao K. Impact of tannery effluent, chromium on hematological parameters in a fresh water fish, Labeo Rohita (Hamilton) Res. J. Anim. Vet. Fish. Sci. 2013;1(July (6)):1–5. ISSN-23206535.
    1. Velma V., Vutukuru S.S., Tchounwou P.B. Ecotoxicology of hexavalent chromium in fresh water fish: a critical review. Rev. Environ. Health. 2009;24(2):129–145. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Adhikary S., Ghosh L., Ayyappan S. Combined effects of water pH and alkalinity on the accumulation of lead, cadmium and chromium to Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006;3(3):289–296. ISSSN-1735-1472.
    1. Ahmed M.K., Kundu G.K., Al-Mamun M.H., Sarkar S.K., Akter M.S., Khan M.S. Chromium (VI) induced acute toxicity and genotoxicity in freshwater stinging Catfish, Heteropneutes fossilis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2013:1–7. - PubMed
    1. Vutukuru S.S., Prabhat N.A., Raghavender M., Yerramilli A. Effect of arsenic and chromium on the serum amino-transferases activity in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2007;4(3):224–227. (PubMed: 17911661) - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources