Python Insider

Python 3.13.4, 3.12.11, 3.11.13, 3.10.18 and 3.9.23 are now available

2025-06-03T17:04:00.002-04:00

Python Release Party

It was only meant to be release day for 3.13.4 today, but poor number 13 looked so lonely… And hey, we had a couple of tarfile CVEs that we had to fix. So most of the Release Managers and all the Developers-in-Residence (including Security Developer-in-Residence Seth Michael Larson) came together to make it a full release party.

Security content in these releases

gh-135034: Fixes multiple issues that allowed tarfile extraction filters (filter="data" and filter="tar") to be bypassed using crafted symlinks and hard links.Addresses CVE 2024-12718, CVE 2025-4138, CVE 2025-4330, and CVE 2025-4517.
gh-133767: Fix use-after-free in the “unicode-escape” decoder with a non-“strict” error handler.
gh-128840: Short-circuit the processing of long IPv6 addresses early in ipaddress to prevent excessive memory consumption and a minor denial-of-service.

In addition to the security fixed mentioned above, a few additional changes to the ipaddress were backported to make the security fixes feasible. (See the full changelogs for each release for more details.)

Python 3.13.4

In addition to the security fixes, the fourth maintenance release of Python 3.13 contains more than 300 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3134/

Python 3.12.11

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-31211/

Python 3.11.13

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-31113/

Python 3.10.18

Python 3.9.23

Additional security content in this release (already fixed in older releases for the other versions):

gh-80222: Fix bug in the folding of quoted strings when flattening an email message using a modern email policy. Previously when a quoted string was folded so that it spanned more than one line, the surrounding quotes and internal escapes would be omitted. This could theoretically be used to spoof header lines using a carefully constructed quoted string if the resulting rendered email was transmitted or re-parsed.

Stay safe and upgrade!

As always, upgrading is highly recommended to all users of affected versions.

Enjoy the new releases

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organization contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from your very ~~tired~~ tireless release team,
Thomas Wouters
Pablo Galindo Salgado
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.14.0 beta 2 is here!

2025-05-26T15:35:00.002-04:00

Here’s the second 3.14 beta.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140b2/

This is a beta preview of Python 3.14

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0b2, is the second of four planned beta releases.

Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their projects to support the new feature release.

We strongly encourage maintainers of third-party Python projects to test with 3.14 during the beta phase and report issues found to the Python bug tracker as soon as possible. While the release is planned to be feature-complete entering the beta phase, it is possible that features may be modified or, in rare cases, deleted up until the start of the release candidate phase (Tuesday 2025-07-22). Our goal is to have no ABI changes after beta 4 and as few code changes as possible after the first release candidate. To achieve that, it will be extremely important to get as much exposure for 3.14 as possible during the beta phase.

This includes creating pre-release wheels for 3.14, as it helps other projects to do their own testing. However, we recommend that your regular production releases wait until 3.14.0rc1, to avoid the risk of ABI breaks.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Some of the major new features and changes in Python 3.14 are:

New features

PEP 649: The evaluation of type annotations is now deferred, improving the semantics of using annotations.
PEP 750: Template string literals (t-strings) for custom string processing, using the familiar syntax of f-strings.
PEP 784: A new module compression.zstd providing support for the Zstandard compression algorithm.
PEP 758: except and except* expressions may now omit the brackets.
Syntax highlighting in PyREPL, and support for color in unittest, argparse, json and calendar CLIs.
PEP 768: A zero-overhead external debugger interface for CPython.
UUID versions 6-8 are now supported by the uuid module, and generation of versions 3-5 and 8 are up to 40% faster.
PEP 765: Disallow return/break/continue that exit a finally block.
PEP 741: An improved C API for configuring Python.
A new type of interpreter. For certain newer compilers, this interpreter provides significantly better performance. Opt-in for now, requires building from source.
Improved error messages.
Builtin implementation of HMAC with formally verified code from the HACL* project.
A new command-line interface to inspect running Python processes using asynchronous tasks.
The pdb module now supports remote attaching to a running Python process.

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.14, see What’s new in Python 3.14. The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0b3, scheduled for 2025-06-17.

Build changes

PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
Official macOS and Windows release binaries include an experimental JIT compiler.

Incompatible changes, removals and new deprecations

Python install manager

The installer we offer for Windows is being replaced by our new install manager, which can be installed from the Windows Store or our FTP page. See our documentation for more information. The JSON file available for download below contains the list of all the installable packages available as part of this release, including file URLs and hashes, but is not required to install the latest release. The traditional installer will remain available throughout the 3.14 and 3.15 releases.

More resources

Online documentation
PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
Report bugs at github.com/python/cpython/issues
Help fund Python and its community

And now for something completely different

In 1897, the State of Indiana almost passed a bill defining π as 3.2.

Of course, it’s not that simple.

Edwin J. Goodwin, M.D., claimed to have come up with a solution to an ancient geometrical problem called squaring the circle, first proposed in Greek mathematics. It involves trying to draw a circle and a square with the same area, using only a compass and a straight edge. It turns out to be impossible because π is transcendental (and this had been proved just 13 years earlier by Ferdinand von Lindemann), but Goodwin fudged things so the value of π was 3.2 (his writings have included at least nine different values of π: including 4, 3.236, 3.232, 3.2325… and even 9.2376…).

Goodwin had copyrighted his proof and offered it to the State of Indiana to use in their educational textbooks without paying royalties, provided they endorsed it. And so Indiana Bill No. 246 was introduced to the House on 18th January 1897. It was not understood and initially referred to the House Committee on Canals, also called the Committee on Swamp Lands. They then referred it to the Committee on Education, who duly recommended on 2nd February that “said bill do pass”. It passed its second reading on the 5th and the education chair moved that they suspend the constitutional rule that required bills to be read on three separate days. This passed 72-0, and the bill itself passed 67-0.

The bill was referred to the Senate on 10th February, had its first reading on the 11th, and was referred to the Committee on Temperance, whose chair on the 12th recommended “that said bill do pass”.

A mathematics professor, Clarence Abiathar Waldo, happened to be in the State Capitol on the day the House passed the bill and walked in during the debate to hear an ex-teacher argue:

The case is perfectly simple. If we pass this bill which establishes a new and correct value for pi , the author offers to our state without cost the use of his discovery and its free publication in our school text books, while everyone else must pay him a royalty.

Waldo ensured the senators were “properly coached”; and on the 12th, during the second reading, after an unsuccessful attempt to amend the bill it was postponed indefinitely. But not before the senators had some fun.

The Indiana News reported on the 13th:

…the bill was brought up and made fun of. The Senators made bad puns about it, ridiculed it and laughed over it. The fun lasted half an hour. Senator Hubbell said that it was not meet for the Senate, which was costing the State $250 a day, to waste its time in such frivolity. He said that in reading the leading newspapers of Chicago and the East, he found that the Indiana State Legislature had laid itself open to ridicule by the action already taken on the bill. He thought consideration of such a proposition was not dignified or worthy of the Senate. He moved the indefinite postponement of the bill, and the motion carried.

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from Helsinki, still light at 10pm,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 beta 1 is here!

2025-05-07T13:34:00.003-04:00

Only one day late, welcome to the first beta!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140b1/

This is a beta preview of Python 3.14

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0b1, is the first of four planned beta releases.

Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their projects to support the new feature release.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Some of the major new features and changes in Python 3.14 are:

New features

PEP 649: The evaluation of type annotations is now deferred, improving the semantics of using annotations.
PEP 750: Template string literals (t-strings) for custom string processing, using the familiar syntax of f-strings.
PEP 784: A new module compression.zstd providing support for the Zstandard compression algorithm.
PEP 758: except and except* expressions may now omit the brackets.
Syntax highlighting in PyREPL, and support for color in unittest, argparse, json and calendar CLIs.
PEP 768: A zero-overhead external debugger interface for CPython.
UUID versions 6-8 are now supported by the uuid module, and generation of versions 3-5 and 8 are up to 40% faster.
PEP 765: Disallow return/break/continue that exit a finally block.
PEP 741: An improved C API for configuring Python.
A new type of interpreter. For certain newer compilers, this interpreter provides significantly better performance. Opt-in for now, requires building from source.
Improved error messages.
Builtin implementation of HMAC with formally verified code from the HACL* project.

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.14, see What’s new in Python 3.14. The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0b2, scheduled for 2025-05-27.

Build changes

PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
Official macOS and Windows release binaries include an experimental JIT compiler.

Incompatible changes, removals and new deprecations

Python install manager

The installer we offer for Windows is being replaced by our new install manager, which can be installed from the Windows Store or our FTP page. See our documentation for more information. The JSON file available for download contains the list of all the installable packages available as part of this release, including file URLs and hashes, but is not required to install the latest release. The traditional installer will remain available throughout the 3.14 and 3.15 releases.

More resources

Online documentation
PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
Report bugs at github.com/python/cpython/issues
Help fund Python and its community

Note

During the release process, we discovered a test that only failed when run sequentially and only when run after a certain number of other tests. This appears to be a problem with the test itself, and we will make it more robust for beta 2. For details, see python/cpython#133532.

And now for something completely different

The mathematical constant pi is represented by the Greek letter π and represents the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter. The first person to use π as a symbol for this ratio was Welsh self-taught mathematician William Jones in 1706. He was a farmer’s son born in Llanfihangel Tre’r Beirdd on Angelsy (Ynys Môn) in 1675 and only received a basic education at a local charity school. However, the owner of his parents’ farm noticed his mathematical ability and arranged for him to move to London to work in a bank.

By age 20, he served at sea in the Royal Navy, teaching sailors mathematics and helping with the ship’s navigation. On return to London seven years later, he became a maths teacher in coffee houses and a private tutor. In 1706, Jones published Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos which used the symbol π for the ratio of a circle’s circumference to diameter (hunt for it on pages 243 and 263 or here). Jones was also the first person to realise π is an irrational number, meaning it can be written as decimal number that goes on forever, but cannot be written as a fraction of two integers.

But why π? It’s thought Jones used the Greek letter π because it’s the first letter in perimetron or perimeter. Jones was the first to use π as our familiar ratio but wasn’t the first to use it in as part of the ratio. William Oughtred, in his 1631 Clavis Mathematicae (The Key of Mathematics), used π/δ to represent what we now call pi. His π was the circumference, not the ratio of circumference to diameter. James Gregory, in his 1668 Geometriae Pars Universalis (The Universal Part of Geometry) used π/ρ instead, where ρ is the radius, making the ratio 6.28… or τ. After Jones, Leonhard Euler had used π for 6.28…, and also p for 3.14…, before settling on and popularising π for the famous ratio.

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from Helsinki as the leaves begin to appear on the trees,

Your release team,

Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0a7, 3.13.3, 3.12.10, 3.11.12, 3.10.17 and 3.9.22 are now available

2025-04-08T15:15:00.002-04:00

Not one, not two, not three, not four, not five, but six releases! Is this the most in a single day?

3.12-3.14 were regularly scheduled, and we had some security fixes to release in 3.9-3.11 so let’s make a big day of it. This also marks the last bugfix release of 3.12 as it enters the security-only phase. See devguide.python.org/versions/ for a chart.

Python 3.14.0a7

Here comes the final alpha! This means we have just four weeks until the first beta to get those last features into 3.14 before the feature freeze on 2025-05-06!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a7/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a7, is the last of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

During the alpha phase, features may be added up until the start of the beta phase (2025-05-06) and, if necessary, may be modified or deleted up until the release candidate phase (2025-07-22). Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
PEP 741: Python configuration C API
PEP 758: Allow except and except* expressions without parentheses
PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
PEP 765: disallow return/break/continue that exit a finally block
PEP 768: Safe external debugger interface for CPython
A new type of interpreter. For certain newer compilers, this interpreter provides significantly better performance. Opt-in for now, requires building from source.
UUID versions 6-8 are now supported by the uuid module, and generation of versions 3-5 and 8 are up to 40% faster.
Improved error messages
Python removals and deprecations
C API removals and deprecations
(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be the first beta, 3.14.0b1, currently scheduled for 2025-05-06. After this, no new features can be added but bug fixes and docs improvements are allowed – and encouraged!

Python 3.13.3

This is the third maintenance release of Python 3.13.

Python 3.13 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations compared to Python 3.12. 3.13.3 is the latest maintenance release, containing almost 320 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.13.2.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3133/

Python 3.12.10

This is the tenth maintenance release of Python 3.12.

Python 3.12.10 is the latest maintenance release of Python 3.12, and the last full maintenance release. Subsequent releases of 3.12 will be security-fixes only. This last maintenance release contains about 230 bug fixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.9.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-31210/

Python 3.11.12

This is a security release of Python 3.11:

gh-106883: Fix deadlock in threaded application when using sys._current_frames
gh-131809: Upgrade vendored expat to 2.7.1
gh-80222: Folding of quoted string in display_name violates RFC
gh-121284: Invalid RFC 2047 address header after refolding with email.policy.default
gh-131261: Update libexpat to 2.7.0
gh-105704: [CVE-2025-0938] urlparse does not flag hostname containing [ or ] as incorrect
gh-119511: OOM vulnerability in the imaplib module

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-31112/

Python 3.10.17

This is a security release of Python 3.10:

gh-131809: Upgrade vendored expat to 2.7.1
gh-80222: Folding of quoted string in display_name violates RFC
gh-121284: Invalid RFC 2047 address header after refolding with email.policy.default
gh-131261: Update libexpat to 2.7.0
gh-105704: CVE-2025-0938 urlparse does not flag hostname containing [ or ] as incorrect
gh-119511: OOM vulnerability in the imaplib module

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-31017/

Python 3.9.22

This is a security release of Python 3.9:

gh-131809 and gh-131261: Upgrade vendored expat to 2.7.1
gh-121284: Invalid RFC 2047 address header after refolding with email.policy.default
gh-105704: CVE-2025-0938 urlparse does not flag hostname containing [ or ] as incorrect
gh-119511: OOM vulnerability in the imaplib module

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3922/

Please upgrade! Please test!

We highly recommend upgrading 3.9-3.13 and we encourage you to test 3.14.

And now for something completely different

On Saturday, 5th April, 3.141592653589793 months of the year had elapsed.

Enjoy the new releases

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a sunny and cold Helsinki springtime,

Your full release team,

Hugo van Kemenade
Thomas Wouters
Pablo Galindo Salgado
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.14.0 alpha 6 is out

2025-03-14T13:27:00.001-04:00

Here comes the penultimate alpha.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a6/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a6, is the sixth of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
PEP 741: Python configuration C API
PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
Improved error messages
A new type of interpreter. For certain newer compilers, this interpreter provides significantly better performance. Opt-in for now, requires building from source.
UUID versions 6-8 are now supported by the uuid module, and generation of versions 3-5 and 8 are up to 40% faster.
Python removals and deprecations
C API removals and deprecations
(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be the final alpha, 3.14.0a7, currently scheduled for 2025-04-08.

More resources

Online documentation
PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
Report bugs at github.com/python/cpython/issues
Help fund Python and its community

And now for something completely different

March 14 is celebrated as pi day, because 3.14 is an approximation of π. The day is observed by eating pies (savoury and/or sweet) and celebrating π. The first pi day was organised by physicist and tinkerer Larry Shaw of the San Francisco Exploratorium in 1988. It is also the International Day of Mathematics and Albert Einstein’s birthday. Let’s all eat some pie, recite some π, install and test some py, and wish a happy birthday to Albert, Loren and all the other pi day children!

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from Helsinki as fresh snow falls,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 5 is out

2025-02-11T14:41:00.004-05:00

Here comes the antepenultimate alpha.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a5/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a5, is the fifth of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
PEP 741: Python configuration C API
PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
Improved error messages
A new type of interpreter. For certain newer compilers, this interpreter provides significantly better performance. Opt-in for now, requires building from source.
Python removals and deprecations
C API removals and deprecations
(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be the penultimate alpha, 3.14.0a6, currently scheduled for 2025-03-14.

More resources

Online documentation
PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
Report bugs at github.com/python/cpython/issues
Help fund Python and its community

And now for something completely different

2025-01-29 marked the start of a new lunar year, the Year of the Snake 🐍 (and the Year of Python?).

For centuries, π was often approximated as 3 in China. Some time between the years 1 and 5 CE, astronomer, librarian, mathematician and politician Liu Xin (劉歆) calculated π as 3.154.

Around 130 CE, mathematician, astronomer, and geographer Zhang Heng (張衡, 78–139) compared the celestial circle with the diameter of the earth as 736:232 to get 3.1724. He also came up with a formula for the ratio between a cube and inscribed sphere as 8:5, implying the ratio of a square’s area to an inscribed circle is √8:√5. From this, he calculated π as √10 (~3.162).

Third century mathematician Liu Hui (刘徽) came up with an algorithm for calculating π iteratively: calculate the area of a polygon inscribed in a circle, then as the number of sides of the polygon is increased, the area becomes closer to that of the circle, from which you can approximate π.

This algorithm is similar to the method used by Archimedes in the 3rd century BCE and Ludolph van Ceulen in the 16th century CE (see 3.14.0a2 release notes), but Archimedes only went up to a 96-sided polygon (96-gon). Liu Hui went up to a 192-gon to approximate π as 157/50 (3.14) and later a 3072-gon for 3.14159.

Liu Hu wrote a commentary on the book The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art which included his π approximations.

In the fifth century, astronomer, inventor, mathematician, politician, and writer Zu Chongzhi (祖沖之, 429–500) used Liu Hui’s algorithm to inscribe a 12,288-gon to compute π between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927, correct to seven decimal places. This was more accurate than Hellenistic calculations and wouldn’t be improved upon for 900 years.

Happy Year of the Snake!

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a remarkably snowless Helsinki,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.13.2 and 3.12.9 now available!

2025-02-04T14:58:00.000-05:00

A small release day today! That is to say the releases are relatively small; the day itself was of average size, as most days are.

Python 3.13.2

Python 3.13’s second maintenance release. About 250 changes went into this update, and can be yours for free if you just upgrade now.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3132/

Python 3.12.9

Python 3.12’s ninth maintenance release already. Just 180 changes for 3.12, but it’s still worth upgrading.

Enjoy the new releases

Regards from your tireless, tireless release team,
Thomas Wouters
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 4 is out

2025-01-14T11:46:00.001-05:00

Hello, three dot fourteen dot zero alpha four!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a4/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a4, is the fourth of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
PEP 741: Python configuration C API
PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
Improved error messages
Many removals of deprecated classes, functions, methods and parameters in various standard library modules.
New deprecations, many of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.16
C API removals and deprecations
(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0a5, currently scheduled for 2025-02-11.

More resources

Online documentation
PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
Report bugs at https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
Help fund Python and its community

And now for something completely different

In Python, you can use Greek letters as constants. For example:

from math import pi as π

def circumference(radius: float) -> float:
    return 2 * π * radius

print(circumference(6378.137))  # 40075.016685578485

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a slushy, slippery Helsinki,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 3 is out

2024-12-17T11:20:00.001-05:00

O Alpha 3, O Alpha 3, how lovely are your branches!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a3/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a3, is the third of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
PEP 741: Python configuration C API
PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
Improved error messages
(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0a4, currently scheduled for 2025-01-14.

More resources

Online documentation
PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
Report bugs at https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
Help fund Python and its community

And now for something completely different

A mince pie is a small, round covered tart filled with “mincemeat”, usually eaten during the Christmas season – the UK consumes some 800 million each Christmas. Mincemeat is a mixture of things like apple, dried fruits, candied peel and spices, and originally would have contained meat chopped small, but rarely nowadays. They are often served warm with brandy butter.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest mention of Christmas mince pies is by Thomas Dekker, writing in the aftermath of the 1603 London plague, in Newes from Graues-end: Sent to Nobody (1604):

Ten thousand in London swore to feast their neighbors with nothing but plum-porredge, and mince-pyes all Christmas.

Here’s a meaty recipe from Rare and Excellent Receipts, Experienc’d and Taught by Mrs Mary Tillinghast and now Printed for the Use of her Scholars Only (1678):

How to make Mince-pies.

To every pound of Meat, take two pound of beef Suet, a pound of Corrants, and a quarter of an Ounce of Cinnamon, one Nutmeg, a little beaten Mace, some beaten Colves, a little Sack & Rose-water, two large Pippins, some Orange and Lemon peel cut very thin, and shred very small, a few beaten Carraway-seeds, if you love them the Juyce of half a Lemon squez’d into this quantity of meat; for Sugar, sweeten it to your relish; then mix all these together and fill your Pie. The best meat for Pies is Neats-Tongues, or a leg of Veal; you may make them of a leg of Mutton if you please; the meat must be parboyl’d if you do not spend it presently; but if it be for present use, you may do it raw, and the Pies will be the better.

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a snowy and slippery Helsinki,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.13.1, 3.12.8, 3.11.11, 3.10.16 and 3.9.21 are now available

2024-12-03T19:01:00.000-05:00

Another big release day! Python 3.13.1 and 3.12.8 were regularly scheduled releases, but they do contain a few security fixes. That makes it a nice time to release the security-fix-only versions too, so everything is as secure as we can make it.

Python 3.13.1

Python 3.13’s first maintenance release. My child is all growed up now, I guess! Almost 400 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes went in since 3.13.0, making this the very best Python release to date.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3131/

Python 3.12.8

Python 3.12 might be slowly reaching middle age, but still received over 250 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.7.

Python 3.11.11

I know it’s probably hard to hear, but this is the second security-only release of Python 3.11. Yes, really! Oh yes, I know, I know, but it’s true! Only 11 commits went in since 3.11.10.

Python 3.10.16

Python 3.10 received a total of 14 commits since 3.10.15. Why more than 3.11? Because it needed a little bit of extra attention to keep working with current GitHub practices, I guess.

Python 3.9.21

Python 3.9 isn’t quite ready for pasture yet, as it’s set to receive security fixes for at least another 10 months. Very similarly to 3.10, it received 14 commits since 3.9.20.

Stay safe and upgrade!

As always, upgrading is highly recommended to all users of affected versions.

Enjoy the new releases

Regards from your tireless, tireless release team,
Thomas Wouters
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Pablo Galindo Salgado
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 2 released

2024-11-19T16:03:00.001-05:00

Alpha 2? But Alpha 1 only just came out!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a2/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a2 is the second of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
PEP 741: Python configuration C API
PEP 761: Python 3.14 and onwards no longer provides PGP signatures for release artifacts. Instead, Sigstore is recommended for verifiers.
Improved error messages
(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0a3, currently scheduled for 2024-12-17.

More resources

Online documentation
PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
Report bugs at https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
Help fund Python and its community

Enjoy the new release

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself or through organisation contributions to the Python Software Foundation.

Regards from a chilly Helsinki with snow on the way,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.14.0 alpha 1 is now available

2024-10-15T19:31:00.002-04:00

It's now time for a new alpha of a new version of Python!

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3140a1/

This is an early developer preview of Python 3.14

Major new features of the 3.14 series, compared to 3.13

Python 3.14 is still in development. This release, 3.14.0a1 is the first of seven planned alpha releases.

Alpha releases are intended to make it easier to test the current state of new features and bug fixes and to test the release process.

Many new features for Python 3.14 are still being planned and written. Among the new major new features and changes so far:

PEP 649: deferred evaluation of annotations
Improved error messages
(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, [email protected]">let Hugo know.)

The next pre-release of Python 3.14 will be 3.14.0a2, currently scheduled for 2024-11-19.

More resources

Online documentation
PEP 745, 3.14 Release Schedule
Report bugs at https://github.com/python/cpython/issues
Help fund Python and its community

Enjoy the new release

Regards from a grey yet colourful Helsinki,

Your release team,
Hugo van Kemenade
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.13.0 (final) released

2024-10-07T14:21:00.004-04:00

Python 3.13.0 is now available

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3130/

This is the stable release of Python 3.13.0

Python 3.13.0 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations compared to Python 3.12. (Compared to the last release candidate, 3.13.0rc3, 3.13.0 contains two small bug fixes and some documentation and testing changes.)

Major new features of the 3.13 series, compared to 3.12

Some of the new major new features and changes in Python 3.13 are:

New features

A new and improved interactive interpreter, based on PyPy’s, featuring multi-line editing and color support, as well as colorized exception tracebacks.
An experimental free-threaded build mode, which disables the Global Interpreter Lock, allowing threads to run more concurrently. The build mode is available as an experimental feature in the Windows and macOS installers as well.
A preliminary, experimental JIT, providing the ground work for significant performance improvements.
The locals() builtin function (and its C equivalent) now has well-defined semantics when mutating the returned mapping, which allows debuggers to operate more consistently.
A modified version of mimalloc is now included, optional but enabled by default if supported by the platform, and required for the free-threaded build mode.
Docstrings now have their leading indentation stripped, reducing memory use and the size of .pyc files. (Most tools handling docstrings already strip leading indentation.)
The dbm module has a new dbm.sqlite3 backend that is used by default when creating new files.
The minimum supported macOS version was changed from 10.9 to 10.13 (High Sierra). Older macOS versions will not be supported going forward.
WASI is now a Tier 2 supported platform. Emscripten is no longer an officially supported platform (but Pyodide continues to support Emscripten).
iOS is now a Tier 3 supported platform.
Android is now a Tier 3 supported platform.

Typing

Support for type defaults in type parameters.
A new type narrowing annotation, typing.TypeIs.
A new annotation for read-only items in TypeDicts.
A new annotation for marking deprecations in the type system.

Removals and new deprecations

PEP 594 (Removing dead batteries from the standard library) scheduled removals of many deprecated modules: aifc, audioop, chunk, cgi, cgitb, crypt, imghdr, mailcap, msilib, nis, nntplib, ossaudiodev, pipes, sndhdr, spwd, sunau, telnetlib, uu, xdrlib, lib2to3.
Many other removals of deprecated classes, functions and methods in various standard library modules.
C API removals and deprecations. (Some removals present in alpha 1 were reverted in alpha 2, as the removals were deemed too disruptive at this time.)
New deprecations, most of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.15 or 3.16.

For more details on the changes to Python 3.13, see What’s new in Python 3.13.

More resources

Online Documentation
PEP 719, 3.13 Release Schedule
Report bugs via GitHub Issues.
Help fund Python directly (or via GitHub Sponsors), and support the Python community.

We hope you enjoy the new releases!

Choo-choo from the release train,

Your release team,
Thomas Wouters
Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.12.7 released

2024-10-01T12:32:00.002-04:00

I'm pleased to announce the release of Python 3.12.7:

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3127/

This is the seventh maintenance release of Python 3.12

Python 3.12 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. 3.12.7 is the latest maintenance release, containing more than 100 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.6.

Major new features of the 3.12 series, compared to 3.11

New features

More flexible f-string parsing, allowing many things previously disallowed (PEP 701).
Support for the buffer protocol in Python code (PEP 688).
A new debugging/profiling API (PEP 669).
Support for isolated subinterpreters with separate Global Interpreter Locks (PEP 684).
Even more improved error messages. More exceptions potentially caused by typos now make suggestions to the user.
Support for the Linux perf profiler to report Python function names in traces.
Many large and small performance improvements (like PEP 709 and support for the BOLT binary optimizer), delivering an estimated 5% overall performance improvement.

Type annotations

New type annotation syntax for generic classes (PEP 695).
New override decorator for methods (PEP 698).

Deprecations

The deprecated wstr and wstr_length members of the C implementation of unicode objects were removed, per PEP 623.
In the unittest module, a number of long deprecated methods and classes were removed. (They had been deprecated since Python 3.1 or 3.2).
The deprecated smtpd and distutils modules have been removed (see PEP 594 and PEP 632. The setuptools package continues to provide the distutils module.
A number of other old, broken and deprecated functions, classes and methods have been removed.
Invalid backslash escape sequences in strings now warn with SyntaxWarning instead of DeprecationWarning, making them more visible. (They will become syntax errors in the future.)
The internal representation of integers has changed in preparation for performance enhancements. (This should not affect most users as it is an internal detail, but it may cause problems for Cython-generated code.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.12, see What’s new in Python 3.12.

More resources

Online Documentation.
PEP 693, the Python 3.12 Release Schedule.
Report bugs via GitHub Issues.
Help fund Python directly or via GitHub Sponsors, and support the Python community.

Enjoy the new releases

Your release team,
Thomas Wouters
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.13.0 release candidate 3 released

2024-10-01T12:29:00.000-04:00

I'm pleased to announce the release of Python 3.13 release candidate 3 (instead of the expected final release).

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3130rc3/

This is the final release candidate of Python 3.13.0

This release, 3.13.0rc3, is the final release preview (no really) of 3.13. This release is expected to become the final 3.13.0 release, barring any critical bugs being discovered. The official release of 3.13.0 is now scheduled for Monday, 2024-10-07.

This extra, unplanned release candidate exists because of a couple of last minute issues, primarily a significant performance regression in specific workloads due to the incremental cyclic garbage collector (introduced in the alpha releases). We decided to roll back the garbage collector change in 3.13 (and continuing work in 3.14 to improve it), apply a number of other important bug fixes, and roll out a new release candidate.

There will be no ABI changes from this point forward in the 3.13 series (and there haven't been any since the beta releases).

Call to action

We strongly encourage maintainers of Python projects to prepare their projects for 3.13 compatibilities during this phase, and where necessary publish Python 3.13 wheels on PyPI to be ready for the final release of 3.13.0. Any binary wheels built against Python 3.13.0rc1 and later will work with future versions of Python 3.13. As always, report any issues to the Python bug tracker.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and while it’s as close to the final release as we can get it, its use is not recommended for production environments.

Core developers: time to work on documentation now

Are all your changes properly documented?
Are they mentioned in What’s New?
Did you notice other changes you know of to have insufficient documentation?

Major new features of the 3.13 series, compared to 3.12

Some of the new major new features and changes in Python 3.13 are:

New features

A new and improved interactive interpreter, based on PyPy’s, featuring multi-line editing and color support, as well as colorized exception tracebacks.
An experimental free-threaded build mode, which disables the Global Interpreter Lock, allowing threads to run more concurrently. The build mode is available as an experimental feature in the Windows and macOS installers as well.
A preliminary, experimental JIT, providing the ground work for significant performance improvements.
The locals() builtin function (and its C equivalent) now has well-defined semantics when mutating the returned mapping, which allows debuggers to operate more consistently.
A modified version of mimalloc is now included, optional but enabled by default if supported by the platform, and required for the free-threaded build mode.
Docstrings now have their leading indentation stripped, reducing memory use and the size of .pyc files. (Most tools handling docstrings already strip leading indentation.)
The dbm module has a new dbm.sqlite3 backend that is used by default when creating new files.
The minimum supported macOS version was changed from 10.9 to 10.13 (High Sierra). Older macOS versions will not be supported going forward.
WASI is now a Tier 2 supported platform. Emscripten is no longer an officially supported platform (but Pyodide continues to support Emscripten).
iOS is now a Tier 3 supported platform
Android is now a Tier 3 supported platform as well.

Typing

Support for type defaults in type parameters.
A new type narrowing annotation, typing.TypeIs.
A new annotation for read-only items in TypeDicts.
A new annotation for marking deprecations in the type system.

Removals and new deprecations

PEP 594 (Removing dead batteries from the standard library) scheduled removals of many deprecated modules: aifc, audioop, chunk, cgi, cgitb, crypt, imghdr, mailcap, msilib, nis, nntplib, ossaudiodev, pipes, sndhdr, spwd, sunau, telnetlib, uu, xdrlib, lib2to3.
Many other removals of deprecated classes, functions and methods in various standard library modules.
C API removals and deprecations. (Some removals present in alpha 1 were reverted in alpha 2, as the removals were deemed too disruptive at this time.)
New deprecations, most of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.15 or 3.16.

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, [email protected]">let Thomas know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.13, see What’s new in Python 3.13. The next release of Python 3.13 will be the official 3.13.0 release, currently scheduled for Monday, 2024-10-07.

More resources

Online Documentation
PEP 719, 3.13 Release Schedule
Report bugs at Issues · python/cpython · GitHub.
Help fund Python directly (or via GitHub Sponsors), and support the Python community.

Enjoy the new releases

Your release team,

Thomas Wouters
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.13.0RC2, 3.12.6, 3.11.10, 3.10.15, 3.9.20, and 3.8.20 are now available!

2024-09-07T10:24:00.004-04:00

Hi there!
A big joint release today. Mostly security fixes but we also have the final release candidate of 3.13 so let’s start with that!

Python 3.13.0RC2

Final opportunity to test and find any show-stopper bugs before we bless and release 3.13.0 final on October 1st.

Get it here: Python Release Python 3.13.0rc2 | Python.org

Call to action

We strongly encourage maintainers of third-party Python projects to prepare their projects for 3.13 compatibilities during this phase, and where necessary publish Python 3.13 wheels on PyPI to be ready for the final release of 3.13.0. Any binary wheels built against Python 3.13.0rc2 will work with future versions of Python 3.13. As always, report any issues to the Python bug tracker.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and while it’s as close to the final release as we can get it, its use is not recommended for production environments.

Core developers: time to work on documentation now

Are all your changes properly documented?
Are they mentioned in What’s New?
Did you notice other changes you know of to have insufficient documentation?

As a reminder, until the final release of 3.13.0, the 3.13 branch is set up so that the Release Manager (@thomas) has to merge the changes. Please add him (@Yhg1s on GitHub) to any changes you think should go into 3.13.0. At this point, unless something critical comes up, it should really be documentation only. Other changes (including tests) will be pushed to 3.13.1.

New features in Python 3.13

A new and improved interactive interpreter, based on PyPy’s, featuring multi-line editing and color support, as well as colorized exception tracebacks.
An experimental free-threaded build mode, which disables the Global Interpreter Lock, allowing threads to run more concurrently. The build mode is available as an experimental feature in the Windows and macOS installers as well.
A preliminary, experimental JIT, providing the ground work for significant performance improvements.
The locals() builtin function (and its C equivalent) now has well-defined semantics when mutating the returned mapping, which allows debuggers to operate more consistently.
The (cyclic) garbage collector is now incremental, which should mean shorter pauses for collection in programs with a lot of objects.
A modified version of mimalloc is now included, optional but enabled by default if supported by the platform, and required for the free-threaded build mode.
Docstrings now have their leading indentation stripped, reducing memory use and the size of .pyc files. (Most tools handling docstrings already strip leading indentation.)
The dbm module has a new dbm.sqlite3 backend that is used by default when creating new files.
The minimum supported macOS version was changed from 10.9 to 10.13 (High Sierra). Older macOS versions will not be supported going forward.
WASI is now a Tier 2 supported platform. Emscripten is no longer an officially supported platform (but Pyodide continues to support Emscripten).
iOS is now a Tier 3 supported platform, with Android on the way as well.

Python 3.12.6

This is an expedited release for 3.12 due to security content. The schedule returns back to regular programming in October.

One notable change for macOS users: as mentioned in the previous release of 3.12, this release drops support for macOS versions 10.9 through 10.12. Versions of macOS older than 10.13 haven’t been supported by Apple since 2019, and maintaining support for them has become too difficult. (All versions of Python 3.13 have already dropped support for them.)

Get it here: Python Release Python 3.12.6 | Python.org

92 commits.

Python 3.11.10

Python 3.11 joins the elite club of security-only versions with no binary installers.

Get it here: Python Release Python 3.11.10 | Python.org

28 commits.

Python 3.10.15

Get it here: Python Release Python 3.10.15 | Python.org

24 commits.

Python 3.9.20

Get it here: Python Release Python 3.9.20 | Python.org

22 commits.

Python 3.8.20

Python 3.8 is very close to End of Life (see the Release Schedule). Will this be the last release of 3.8 ever? We’ll see… but now I think I jinxed it.

Get it here: Python Release Python 3.8.20 | Python.org

22 commits.

Security content in today’s releases

gh-123678 and gh-116741: Upgrade bundled libexpat to 2.6.3 to fix CVE-2024-28757, CVE-2024-45490, CVE-2024-45491 and CVE-2024-45492.
gh-118486: os.mkdir() on Windows now accepts mode of 0o700 to restrict the new directory to the current user. This fixes CVE-2024-4030 affecting tempfile.mkdtemp() in scenarios where the base temporary directory is more permissive than the default.
gh-123067: Fix quadratic complexity in parsing "-quoted cookie values with backslashes by http.cookies. Fixes CVE-2024-7592.
gh-113171: Fixed various false positives and false negatives in IPv4Address.is_private, IPv4Address.is_global, IPv6Address.is_private, IPv6Address.is_global. Fixes CVE-2024-4032.
gh-67693: Fix urllib.parse.urlunparse() and urllib.parse.urlunsplit() for URIs with path starting with multiple slashes and no authority. Fixes CVE-2015-2104.
gh-121957: Fixed missing audit events around interactive use of Python, now also properly firing for python -i, as well as for python -m asyncio. The event in question is cpython.run_stdin.
gh-122133: Authenticate the socket connection for the socket.socketpair() fallback on platforms where AF_UNIX is not available like Windows.
gh-121285: Remove backtracking from tarfile header parsing for hdrcharset, PAX, and GNU sparse headers. That’s CVE-2024-6232.
gh-114572: ssl.SSLContext.cert_store_stats() and ssl.SSLContext.get_ca_certs() now correctly lock access to the certificate store, when the ssl.SSLContext is shared across multiple threads.
gh-102988: email.utils.getaddresses() and email.utils.parseaddr() now return ('', '') 2-tuples in more situations where invalid email addresses are encountered instead of potentially inaccurate values. Add optional strict parameter to these two functions: use strict=False to get the old behavior, accept malformed inputs. getattr(email.utils, 'supports_strict_parsing', False) can be use to check if the strict paramater is available. This improves the CVE-2023-27043 fix.
gh-123270: Sanitize names in zipfile.Path to avoid infinite loops (gh-122905) without breaking contents using legitimate characters. That’s CVE-2024-8088.
gh-121650: email headers with embedded newlines are now quoted on output. The generator will now refuse to serialize (write) headers that are unsafely folded or delimited; see verify_generated_headers. That’s CVE-2024-6923.
gh-119690: Fixes data type confusion in audit events raised by _winapi.CreateFile and _winapi.CreateNamedPipe.
gh-116773: Fix instances of <_overlapped.Overlapped object at 0xXXX> still has pending operation at deallocation, the process may crash.
gh-112275: A deadlock involving pystate.c’s HEAD_LOCK in posixmodule.c at fork is now fixed.

Stay safe and upgrade!

Upgrading is highly recommended to all users of affected versions.

Thank you for your support

–
Łukasz Langa @ambv
on behalf of your friendly release team,

Ned Deily @nad
Steve Dower @steve.dower
Pablo Galindo Salgado @pablogsal
Łukasz Langa @ambv
Thomas Wouters @thomas

Python 3.12.5 released

2024-08-07T09:17:00.001-04:00

I'm pleased to announce the release of Python 3.12.5:

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3125/

This is the fifth maintenance release of Python 3.12

Python 3.12 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. 3.12.5 is the latest maintenance release, containing more than 250 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.4.

This version of Python 3.12 also comes with pip 24.2 by default. However, due to an incompatibility with older macOS versions, macOS 10.9 through 10.12 will downgrade their version of pip to 24.1.2 during the installation process (in the Install Certificates step). See the installer ReadMe and the pip issue on the matter for more information. Versions of macOS older than 10.13 haven’t been supported by Apple since 2019, and maintaining support for them is becoming increasingly difficult. While this release of 3.12 still supports them, it is likely that we will be forced to drop support for macOS 10.12 and older in a future 3.12 release. (Python 3.13 has already dropped support for them.)

Major new features of the 3.12 series, compared to 3.11

New features

More flexible f-string parsing, allowing many things previously disallowed (PEP 701).
Support for the buffer protocol in Python code (PEP 688).
A new debugging/profiling API (PEP 669).
Support for isolated subinterpreters with separate Global Interpreter Locks (PEP 684).
Even more improved error messages. More exceptions potentially caused by typos now make suggestions to the user.
Support for the Linux perf profiler to report Python function names in traces.
Many large and small performance improvements (like PEP 709 and support for the BOLT binary optimizer), delivering an estimated 5% overall performance improvement.

Type annotations

New type annotation syntax for generic classes (PEP 695).
New override decorator for methods (PEP 698).

Deprecations

The deprecated wstr and wstr_length members of the C implementation of unicode objects were removed, per PEP 623.
In the unittest module, a number of long deprecated methods and classes were removed. (They had been deprecated since Python 3.1 or 3.2).
The deprecated smtpd and distutils modules have been removed (see PEP 594 and PEP 632. The setuptools package continues to provide the distutils module.
A number of other old, broken and deprecated functions, classes and methods have been removed.
Invalid backslash escape sequences in strings now warn with SyntaxWarning instead of DeprecationWarning, making them more visible. (They will become syntax errors in the future.)
The internal representation of integers has changed in preparation for performance enhancements. (This should not affect most users as it is an internal detail, but it may cause problems for Cython-generated code.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.12, see What’s new in Python 3.12.

More resources

Online Documentation.
PEP 693, the Python 3.12 Release Schedule.
Report bugs via GitHub Issues.
Help fund Python directly or via GitHub Sponsors, and support the Python community.

Enjoy the new releases

Your release team,
Thomas Wouters
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.13.0 release candidate 1 released

2024-08-01T05:30:00.001-04:00

I'm pleased to announce the release of Python 3.13 release candidate 1.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3130rc1/

This is the first release candidate of Python 3.13.0

This release, 3.13.0rc1, is the penultimate release preview. Entering the release candidate phase, only reviewed code changes which are clear bug fixes are allowed between this release candidate and the final release. The second candidate (and the last planned release preview) is scheduled for Tuesday, 2024-09-03, while the official release of 3.13.0 is scheduled for Tuesday, 2024-10-01.

There will be no ABI changes from this point forward in the 3.13 series, and the goal is that there will be as few code changes as possible.

Call to action

We strongly encourage maintainers of third-party Python projects to prepare their projects for 3.13 compatibilities during this phase, and where necessary publish Python 3.13 wheels on PyPI to be ready for the final release of 3.13.0. Any binary wheels built against Python 3.13.0rc1 will work with future versions of Python 3.13. As always, report any issues to the Python bug tracker.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and while it’s as close to the final release as we can get it, its use is not recommended for production environments.

Core developers: time to work on documentation now

Are all your changes properly documented?
Are they mentioned in What’s New?
Did you notice other changes you know of to have insufficient documentation?

Major new features of the 3.13 series, compared to 3.12

Some of the new major new features and changes in Python 3.13 are:

New features

A new and improved interactive interpreter, based on PyPy’s, featuring multi-line editing and color support, as well as colorized exception tracebacks.
An experimental free-threaded build mode, which disables the Global Interpreter Lock, allowing threads to run more concurrently. The build mode is available as an experimental feature in the Windows and macOS installers as well.
A preliminary, experimental JIT, providing the ground work for significant performance improvements.
The locals() builtin function (and its C equivalent) now has well-defined semantics when mutating the returned mapping, which allows debuggers to operate more consistently.
The (cyclic) garbage collector is now incremental, which should mean shorter pauses for collection in programs with a lot of objects.
A modified version of mimalloc is now included, optional but enabled by default if supported by the platform, and required for the free-threaded build mode.
Docstrings now have their leading indentation stripped, reducing memory use and the size of .pyc files. (Most tools handling docstrings already strip leading indentation.)
The dbm module has a new dbm.sqlite3 backend that is used by default when creating new files.
The minimum supported macOS version was changed from 10.9 to 10.13 (High Sierra). Older macOS versions will not be supported going forward.
WASI is now a Tier 2 supported platform. Emscripten is no longer an officially supported platform (but Pyodide continues to support Emscripten).
iOS is now a Tier 3 supported platform, with Android on the way as well.

Typing

Support for type defaults in type parameters.
A new type narrowing annotation, typing.TypeIs.
A new annotation for read-only items in TypeDicts.
A new annotation for marking deprecations in the type system.

Removals and new deprecations

PEP 594 (Removing dead batteries from the standard library) scheduled removals of many deprecated modules: aifc, audioop, chunk, cgi, cgitb, crypt, imghdr, mailcap, msilib, nis, nntplib, ossaudiodev, pipes, sndhdr, spwd, sunau, telnetlib, uu, xdrlib, lib2to3.
Many other removals of deprecated classes, functions and methods in various standard library modules.
C API removals and deprecations. (Some removals present in alpha 1 were reverted in alpha 2, as the removals were deemed too disruptive at this time.)
New deprecations, most of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.15 or 3.16.

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, [email protected]">let Thomas know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.13, see What’s new in Python 3.13. The next pre-release of Python 3.13 will be 3.13.0rc2, the final release candidate, currently scheduled for 2024-09-03.

More resources

Online Documentation
PEP 719, 3.13 Release Schedule
Report bugs at Issues · python/cpython · GitHub.
Help fund Python directly (or via GitHub Sponsors), and support the Python community.

Enjoy the new releases

Whatevs,

Your release team,
Thomas Wouters
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.13.0 beta 4 released

2024-07-18T10:16:00.003-04:00

I'm pleased to announce the release of Python 3.13 beta 4.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3130b4/

This is a beta preview of Python 3.13

Python 3.13 is still in development. This release, 3.13.0b4, is the final beta release preview of 3.13.

Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their projects to support the new feature release.

We strongly encourage maintainers of third-party Python projects to test with 3.13 during the beta phase and report issues found to the Python bug tracker as soon as possible. While the release is planned to be feature complete entering the beta phase, it is possible that features may be modified or, in rare cases, deleted up until the start of the release candidate phase (Tuesday 2024-07-30). Our goal is to have no ABI changes after this final beta release, and as few code changes as possible after 3.13.0rc1, the first release candidate. To achieve that, it will be extremely important to get as much exposure for 3.13 as possible during the beta phase.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Major new features of the 3.13 series, compared to 3.12

Some of the new major new features and changes in Python 3.13 are:

New features

A new and improved interactive interpreter, based on PyPy’s, featuring multi-line editing and color support, as well as colorized exception tracebacks.
An experimental free-threaded build mode, which disables the Global Interpreter Lock, allowing threads to run more concurrently. The build mode is available as an experimental feature in the Windows and macOS installers as well.
A preliminary, experimental JIT, providing the ground work for significant performance improvements.
The locals() builtin function (and its C equivalent) now has well-defined semantics when mutating the returned mapping, which allows debuggers to operate more consistently.
The (cyclic) garbage collector is now incremental, which should mean shorter pauses for collection in programs with a lot of objects.
A modified version of mimalloc is now included, optional but enabled by default if supported by the platform, and required for the free-threaded build mode.
Docstrings now have their leading indentation stripped, reducing memory use and the size of .pyc files. (Most tools handling docstrings already strip leading indentation.)
The dbm module has a new dbm.sqlite3 backend that is used by default when creating new files.
The minimum supported macOS version was changed from 10.9 to 10.13 (High Sierra). Older macOS versions will not be supported going forward.
WASI is now a Tier 2 supported platform. Emscripten is no longer an officially supported platform (but Pyodide continues to support Emscripten).

Typing

Support for type defaults in type parameters.
A new type narrowing annotation, typing.TypeIs.
A new annotation for read-only items in TypeDicts.
A new annotation for marking deprecations in the type system.

Removals and new deprecations

PEP 594 (Removing dead batteries from the standard library) scheduled removals of many deprecated modules: aifc, audioop, chunk, cgi, cgitb, crypt, imghdr, mailcap, msilib, nis, nntplib, ossaudiodev, pipes, sndhdr, spwd, sunau, telnetlib, uu, xdrlib, lib2to3.
Many other removals of deprecated classes, functions and methods in various standard library modules.
C API removals and deprecations. (Some removals present in alpha 1 were reverted in alpha 2, as the removals were deemed too disruptive at this time.)
New deprecations, most of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.15 or 3.16.

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, [email protected]">let Thomas know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.13, see What’s new in Python 3.13. The next pre-release of Python 3.13 will be 3.13.0rc1, the first release candidate, currently scheduled for 2024-07-30.

More resources

Online Documentation
PEP 719, 3.13 Release Schedule
Report bugs at https://github.com/python/cpython/issues.
Help fund Python directly (or via GitHub Sponsors), and support the Python community.

Enjoy the new releases

Your release team,
Thomas Wouters
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.13.0 beta 3 released

2024-06-27T15:57:00.001-04:00

I'm pleased to announce the release of Python 3.13 beta 3.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3130b3/

This is a beta preview of Python 3.13

Python 3.13 is still in development. This release, 3.13.0b3, is the third of four beta release previews of 3.13.

Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their projects to support the new feature release.

We strongly encourage maintainers of third-party Python projects to test with 3.13 during the beta phase and report issues found to the Python bug tracker as soon as possible. While the release is planned to be feature complete entering the beta phase, it is possible that features may be modified or, in rare cases, deleted up until the start of the release candidate phase (Tuesday 2024-07-30). Our goal is to have no ABI changes after beta 4 and as few code changes as possible after 3.13.0rc1, the first release candidate. To achieve that, it will be extremely important to get as much exposure for 3.13 as possible during the beta phase.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Major new features of the 3.13 series, compared to 3.12

Some of the new major new features and changes in Python 3.13 are:

New features

A new and improved interactive interpreter , based on PyPy’s, featuring multi-line editing and color support, as well as colorized exception tracebacks .
An experimental free-threaded build mode , which disables the Global Interpreter Lock, allowing threads to run more concurrently. The build mode is available as an experimental feature in the Windows and macOS installers as well.
A preliminary, experimental JIT , providing the ground work for significant performance improvements.
The (cyclic) garbage collector is now incremental , which should mean shorter pauses for collection in programs with a lot of objects.
A modified version of mimalloc is now included, optional but enabled by default if supported by the platform, and required for the free-threaded build mode.
Docstrings now have their leading indentation stripped, reducing memory use and the size of .pyc files. (Most tools handling docstrings already strip leading indentation.)
The dbm module has a new dbm.sqlite3 backend that is used by default when creating new files.
The minimum supported macOS version was changed from 10.9 to 10.13 (High Sierra). Older macOS versions will not be supported going forward.

Typing

Support for type defaults in type parameters.
A new type narrowing annotation , typing.TypeIs.
A new annotation for read-only items in TypeDicts .

Removals and new deprecations

PEP 594 (Removing dead batteries from the standard library) scheduled removals of many deprecated modules: aifc, audioop, chunk, cgi, cgitb, crypt, imghdr, mailcap, msilib, nis, nntplib, ossaudiodev, pipes, sndhdr, spwd, sunau, telnetlib, uu, xdrlib, lib2to3.
Many other removals of deprecated classes, functions and methods in various standard library modules.
C API removals and deprecations. (Some removals present in alpha 1 were reverted in alpha 2, as the removals were deemed too disruptive at this time.)
New deprecations, most of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.15 or 3.16.

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, [email protected]">let Thomas know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.13, see What’s new in Python 3.13 . The next pre-release of Python 3.13 will be 3.13.0b4, currently scheduled for 2024-07-16.

More resources

Online Documentation
PEP 719 , 3.13 Release Schedule
Report bugs at Issues · python/cpython · GitHub .
Help fund Python directly (or via GitHub Sponsors), and support the Python community.

Enjoy the new releases

Your release team,
Thomas Wouters
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.12.4 released

2024-06-06T21:50:00.002-04:00

I'm pleased to announce the release of Python 3.12.4:

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3124/

This is the third maintenance release of Python 3.12

Python 3.12 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. 3.12.4 is the latest maintenance release, containing more than 250 bugfixes, build improvements and documentation changes since 3.12.3.

Major new features of the 3.12 series, compared to 3.11

New features

More flexible f-string parsing, allowing many things previously disallowed (PEP 701).
Support for the buffer protocol in Python code (PEP 688).
A new debugging/profiling API (PEP 669).
Support for isolated subinterpreters with separate Global Interpreter Locks (PEP 684).
Even more improved error messages. More exceptions potentially caused by typos now make suggestions to the user.
Support for the Linux perf profiler to report Python function names in traces.
Many large and small performance improvements (like PEP 709 and support for the BOLT binary optimizer), delivering an estimated 5% overall performance improvement.

Type annotations

New type annotation syntax for generic classes (PEP 695).
New override decorator for methods (PEP 698).

Deprecations

The deprecated wstr and wstr_length members of the C implementation of unicode objects were removed, per PEP 623.
In the unittest module, a number of long deprecated methods and classes were removed. (They had been deprecated since Python 3.1 or 3.2).
The deprecated smtpd and distutils modules have been removed (see PEP 594 and PEP 632. The setuptools package continues to provide the distutils module.
A number of other old, broken and deprecated functions, classes and methods have been removed.
Invalid backslash escape sequences in strings now warn with SyntaxWarning instead of DeprecationWarning, making them more visible. (They will become syntax errors in the future.)
The internal representation of integers has changed in preparation for performance enhancements. (This should not affect most users as it is an internal detail, but it may cause problems for Cython-generated code.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.12, see What’s new in Python 3.12.

More resources

Online Documentation.
PEP 693, the Python 3.12 Release Schedule.
Report bugs via GitHub Issues.
Help fund Python directly or via GitHub Sponsors, and support the Python community.

Enjoy the new releases

Your release team,
Thomas Wouters
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.13.0 beta 2 released

2024-06-06T21:46:00.001-04:00

I'm pleased to announce the release of Python 3.13 beta 2.

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3130b2/

This is a beta preview of Python 3.13

Python 3.13 is still in development. This release, 3.13.0b2, is the second of four beta release previews of 3.13.

Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their projects to support the new feature release.

We strongly encourage maintainers of third-party Python projects to test with 3.13 during the beta phase and report issues found to the Python bug tracker as soon as possible. While the release is planned to be feature complete entering the beta phase, it is possible that features may be modified or, in rare cases, deleted up until the start of the release candidate phase (Tuesday 2024-07-30). Our goal is to have no ABI changes after beta 4 and as few code changes as possible after 3.13.0rc1, the first release candidate. To achieve that, it will be extremely important to get as much exposure for 3.13 as possible during the beta phase.

Two particularly noteworthy changes in beta 2 involve the macOS installer we provide:

The minimum supported macOS version was changed from 10.9 to 10.13 (High Sierra). Older macOS versions will not be supported going forward.
The macOS installer package now includes an optional additional build of Python 3.13 with the experimental free-threading feature enabled. The free-threaded version, python3.13t, is separate from and co-exists with the traditional GIL-only installation. The free-threaded build is not installed by default; use the Customize option of the installer as explained in the installer readme. Since this is an experimental feature, there may be late-breaking issues found; see the free-threaded macOS build issue on GitHub for the most recent status.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Major new features of the 3.13 series, compared to 3.12

Some of the new major new features and changes in Python 3.13 are:

New features

A new and improved interactive interpreter , based on PyPy’s, featuring multi-line editing and color support, as well as colorized exception tracebacks .
An experimental free-threaded build mode , which disables the Global Interpreter Lock, allowing threads to run more concurrently.
A preliminary, experimental JIT , providing the ground work for significant performance improvements.
The (cyclic) garbage collector is now incremental , which should mean shorter pauses for collection in programs with a lot of objects.
A modified version of mimalloc is now included, optional but enabled by default if supported by the platform, and required for the free-threaded build mode.
Docstrings now have their leading indentation stripped, reducing memory use and the size of .pyc files. (Most tools handling docstrings already strip leading indentation.)
The dbm module has a new dbm.sqlite3 backend that is used by default when creating new files.

Typing

Support for type defaults in type parameters.
A new type narrowing annotation , typing.TypeIs.
A new annotation for read-only items in TypeDicts .

Removals and new deprecations

PEP 594 (Removing dead batteries from the standard library) scheduled removals of many deprecated modules: aifc, audioop, chunk, cgi, cgitb, crypt, imghdr, mailcap, msilib, nis, nntplib, ossaudiodev, pipes, sndhdr, spwd, sunau, telnetlib, uu, xdrlib, lib2to3.
Many other removals of deprecated classes, functions and methods in various standard library modules.
C API removals and deprecations. (Some removals present in alpha 1 were reverted in alpha 2, as the removals were deemed too disruptive at this time.)
New deprecations, most of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.15 or 3.16.

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, [email protected]">let Thomas know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.13, see What’s new in Python 3.13 . The next pre-release of Python 3.13 will be 3.13.0b3, currently scheduled for 2024-06-25.

More resources

Online Documentation
PEP 719 , 3.13 Release Schedule
Report bugs at Issues · python/cpython · GitHub .
Help fund Python directly (or via GitHub Sponsors), and support the Python community.

Enjoy the new releases

Your release team,
Thomas Wouters
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.13.0 beta 1 released

2024-05-08T18:11:00.000-04:00

I'm pleased to announce the release of Python 3.13 beta 1 (and feature freeze for Python 3.13).

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3130b1/

This is a beta preview of Python 3.13

Python 3.13 is still in development. This release, 3.13.0b1, is the first of four beta release previews of 3.13.

Beta release previews are intended to give the wider community the opportunity to test new features and bug fixes and to prepare their projects to support the new feature release.

We strongly encourage maintainers of third-party Python projects to test with 3.13 during the beta phase and report issues found to the Python bug tracker as soon as possible. While the release is planned to be feature complete entering the beta phase, it is possible that features may be modified or, in rare cases, deleted up until the start of the release candidate phase (Tuesday 2024-07-30). Our goal is to have no ABI changes after beta 4 and as few code changes as possible after 3.13.0rc1, the first release candidate. To achieve that, it will be extremely important to get as much exposure for 3.13 as possible during the beta phase.

Please keep in mind that this is a preview release and its use is not recommended for production environments.

Major new features of the 3.13 series, compared to 3.12

Some of the new major new features and changes in Python 3.13 are:

New features

A new and improved interactive interpreter, based on PyPy’s, featuring multi-line editing and color support, as well as colorized exception tracebacks.
An experimental free-threaded build mode, which disables the Global Interpreter Lock, allowing threads to run more concurrently.
A preliminary, experimental JIT, providing the ground work for significant performance improvements.
The (cyclic) garbage collector is now incremental, which should mean shorter pauses for collection in programs with a lot of objects.
A modified version of mimalloc is now included, optional but enabled by default if supported by the platform, and required for the free-threaded build mode.
Docstrings now have their leading indentation stripped, reducing memory use and the size of .pyc files. (Most tools handling docstrings already strip leading indentation.)
The dbm module has a new dbm.sqlite3 backend that is used by default when creating new files.

Typing

Support for type defaults in type parameters.
A new type narrowing annotation, typing.TypeIs.
A new annotation for read-only items in TypeDicts.

Removals and new deprecations

PEP 594 (Removing dead batteries from the standard library) scheduled removals of many deprecated modules: aifc, audioop, chunk, cgi, cgitb, crypt, imghdr, mailcap, msilib, nis, nntplib, ossaudiodev, pipes, sndhdr, spwd, sunau, telnetlib, uu, xdrlib, lib2to3.
Many other removals of deprecated classes, functions and methods in various standard library modules.
C API removals and deprecations. (Some removals present in alpha 1 were reverted in alpha 2, as the removals were deemed too disruptive at this time.)
New deprecations, most of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.15 or 3.16.

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, [email protected]">let Thomas know.)

For more details on the changes to Python 3.13, see What’s new in Python 3.13. The next pre-release of Python 3.13 will be 3.13.0b2, currently scheduled for 2024-05-28.

More resources

Online Documentation
PEP 719, 3.13 Release Schedule
Report bugs at Issues · python/cpython · GitHub.
Help fund Python directly (or via GitHub Sponsors), and support the Python community.

Enjoy the new releases

Your release team,
Thomas Wouters
Łukasz Langa
Ned Deily
Steve Dower

Python 3.12.3 and 3.13.0a6 released

2024-04-09T15:14:00.003-04:00

It’s time to eclipse the Python 3.11.9 release with two releases, one of which is the very last alpha release of Python 3.13:

Python 3.12.3

300+ of the finest commits went into this latest maintenance release of the latest Python version, the most stablest, securest, bugfreeest we could make it.

Python 3.13.0a6

What’s that? The last alpha release? Just one more month until feature freeze! Get your features done, get your bugs fixed, let’s get 3.13.0 ready for people to actually use! Until then, let’s test with alpha 6. The highlights of 3.13 you ask? Well:

In the interactive interpreter, exception tracebacks are now colorized by default.
A preliminary, experimental JIT was added, providing the ground work for significant performance improvements.
The (cyclic) garbage collector is now incremental, which should mean shorter pauses for collection in programs with a lot of objects.
Docstrings now have their leading indentation stripped, reducing memory use and the size of .pyc files. (Most tools handling docstrings already strip leading indentation.)
The dbm module has a new dbm.sqlite3 backend that is used by default when creating new files.
PEP 594 (Removing dead batteries from the standard library) scheduled removals of many deprecated modules: aifc, audioop, chunk, cgi, cgitb, crypt, imghdr, mailcap, msilib, nis, nntplib, ossaudiodev, pipes, sndhdr, spwd, sunau, telnetlib, uu, xdrlib, lib2to3.
Many other removals of deprecated classes, functions and methods in various standard library modules.
New deprecations, most of which are scheduled for removal from Python 3.15 or 3.16.
C API removals and deprecations. (Some removals present in alpha 1 were reverted in alpha 2, as the removals were deemed too disruptive at this time.)

(Hey, fellow core developer, if a feature you find important is missing from this list, [email protected]">let Thomas know. It’s getting to be really important now!)

We hope you enjoy the new releases!

Thanks to all of the many volunteers who help make Python Development and these releases possible! Please consider supporting our efforts by volunteering yourself, or through contributions to the Python Software Foundation or CPython itself.

Thomas “can you tell I haven’t had coffee today” Wouters
on behalf of your release team,

Ned Deily
Steve Dower
Pablo Galindo Salgado
Łukasz Langa

Python 3.11.9 is now available

2024-04-08T04:26:00.003-04:00

This is the last bug fix release of Python 3.11

This is the ninth maintenance release of Python 3.11

Python 3.11.9 is the newest major release of the Python programming language, and it contains many new features and optimizations. Get it here:

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3119/

Major new features of the 3.11 series, compared to 3.10

Among the new major new features and changes so far:

PEP 657 – Include Fine-Grained Error Locations in Tracebacks
PEP 654 – Exception Groups and except*
PEP 673 – Self Type
PEP 646 – Variadic Generics
PEP 680 – tomllib: Support for Parsing TOML in the Standard Library
PEP 675 – Arbitrary Literal String Type
PEP 655 – Marking individual TypedDict items as required or potentially-missing
bpo-46752 – Introduce task groups to asyncio
PEP 681 – Data Class Transforms
bpo-433030– Atomic grouping ((?>…)) and possessive quantifiers (*+, ++, ?+, {m,n}+) are now supported in regular expressions.
The Faster Cpython Project is already yielding some exciting results. Python 3.11 is up to 10-60% faster than Python 3.10. On average, we measured a 1.22x speedup on the standard benchmark suite. See Faster CPython for details.

More resources

Online Documentation

PEP 664, 3.11 Release Schedule
Report bugs at https://bugs.python.org.

Help fund Python and its community.

And now for something completely different

A kugelblitz is a theoretical astrophysical object predicted by general relativity. It is a concentration of heat, light or radiation so intense that its energy forms an event horizon and becomes self-trapped. In other words, if enough radiation is aimed into a region of space, the concentration of energy can warp spacetime so much that it creates a black hole. This would be a black hole whose original mass–energy was in the form of radiant energy rather than matter, however as soon as it forms, it is indistinguishable from an ordinary black hole.

We hope you enjoy the new releases!

https://www.python.org/psf/

Your friendly release team,
Ned Deily @nad
Steve Dower @steve.dower
Pablo Galindo Salgado @pablogsal