Diversity in barley : (Hordeum vulgare)
Genetic diversity is one of the main resources sustaining human life. Food security largely depends on the availability and utilization of this diversity, which is of strategic importance for countries and companies. Conservation and utilization of biodiversity is thus currently an urgent area of global debate and concern. Barley is a major crop in the world used for food, feed and malt, and with a wide religious and ethnic importance. The crop was domesticated in Neolithic time in SW Asia and spread rapidly under cultivation to new areas. Nowadays it is one of the most widespread and widely adapted crops grown under contrasting edaphic conditions. Adaptations to new environments, different agricultural practices and selection for different uses have further added to the complex diversity pattern. Is it at all possible to give a complete picture of the diversity in a crop or wild species? Are we, by adding new technologies, only revealing parts of the diversity? Do different sets of data show similar or conflicting pictures of genetic diversity? Will the large genome size reduce the role of barley as a model organism in these current sequencing days? Or, are there still major reasons to continue to work with this beautiful crop? The aim of this book is to cover the complex issue of diversification in time and space in a single crop: barley. Leading scientists from various fields describe the entire variation pattern in different sets of characters and an attempt is made for a synthesis to a holistic picture. The book proposes ways to use the achievements of diversity studies in future research and breeding programmes
Aufsatzsammlung
1 online resource (xvii, 280 pages) : illustrations (some color), maps
9780444505859, 9780080530475, 0444505857, 0080530478
162130976
Cover
Contributors
Contents
Preface
Contributors
Section I: Introduction
Chapter 1. Barley diversity- an introduction
Biodiversity
a matter of global concern
Importance of barley
Components of the book
Conventions
Closing remarks
Acknowledgements
References
Section II: Origin of Barley Diversity
Chapter 2. The domestication of cultivated barley
Taxonomic position of barley
The genus Hordeum and the genepools of barley
The wild progenitor of barley
The domestication of barley
Theories of domestication
Expansion of barley cultivation during prehistoric times
Important traits for domestication and early migration
Conclusions and outlook
References
Chapter 3. Diversification through breeding
Introduction
Expansion of barley cultivation through history
Barley breeding
Measuring genetic diversity
Conclusions and outlook
Acknowledgements
References
Section III: Current Barley Diversity
Chapter 4. Ecogeographical diversity
a Vavilovian approach
Introduction
Characters used for the delimitation and description of agro-ecological groups
Centres of diversity and agro-ecological groups
Conclusions and outlook
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 5. Diversity of barley mutants
Introduction
Sources of hereditary variation
Naming and grouping of barley mutants
Descriptions of different mutant groups
Environmental stress responses
Nutritional quality factors
Conclusions and outlook
References
Chapter 6. Cytogenetic diversity
Introduction
General karyotype variation
Chromosome structural variation
Molecular cytogenetic variation
Conclusions and outlook
References
Chapter 7. Molecular diversity of the barley genome
Introduction
Isozymes
Hordeins
DNA Markers
Conclusions and outlook
References
Chapter 8. Diversity in resistance to biotic stresses
Introduction
Terminology
Diversity in resistance to fungal diseases
Diversity in resistance and tolerance to virus diseases
Diversity in resistance to pests and nematodes
Conclusions and outlook
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 9. Diversity in abiotic stress tolerances
Introduction
Drought tolerance
Winter hardiness
Flooding tolerance
Tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting
Deep-seeding tolerance
Salinity tolerance
Acid and alkaline soils and tolerance to heavy metals
Conclusions and outlook
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 10. Genetic diversity for quantitatively inherited agronomic and malting quality traits
Introduction
Agronomic traits
Malting quality traits
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)
Conclusions and outlook
References
Section IV: Conservation and Future Utilization of Barley
Chapter 11. Detecting diversity
a new holistic, exploratory approach bridging phenotype and genotype
Introduction
Plant breeding as a multidisciplinary technology
Screening method