Panduka, Pāṇḍuka, Paṇḍuka: 11 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Panduka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botany1) Pāṇḍuka (दीर्घशूक) is a Sanskrit word for a species of rice (śāli) which is said to have a superior quality, according to Caraka in his Carakasaṃhitā sūtrasthāna (chapter 27), a classical Ayurvedic work. The literal translation of the word “yellowish-white colour”. The plant Pāṇḍuka is part of the Śūkadhānyavarga group of medicinal plants, referring to the “group of awned grains”. Caraka defined such groups (vargas) based on the dietic value of the plant.
2) Pāṇḍuka (पाण्डुक) is another name for Paṭola (Trichosanthes dioica, “pointed gourd”) according to the Bhāvaprakāśa, which is a 16th century medicinal thesaurus authored by Bhāvamiśra. The term is used throughout Ayurvedic literature. Certain plant parts of Paṭola are eaten as vegetables.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and placesPāṇḍuka (पाण्डुक) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. I.31.12, I.35) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Pāṇḍuka) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Google Books: The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus CivilizationBuddhist Sanskrit texts know Pāṇḍuka, Pāṇḍuraka, Paṇḍulaka and Paṇḍaraka as names of a nāga king, one of the guardians of the great treasures.
In Buddhism
Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper Names1. Panduka
One of the Chabbaggiya. He and Lohitaka were leaders of a special group called the Pandukalohitaka, who are mentioned as having been guilty of various offences against Vinaya rules (Vin.ii.1, 5, 6).
Panduka and Lohitaka lived at Jetavana and encouraged heretics by upholding their views. The Satapatta Jataka was preached in reference to these two (MA.ii.668; J.ii.387).
They were the least evil of the Chabbaggiyi. Sp.iii.614.
2. PandukaA Damila usurper. He killed Mittasena and reigned for five years over Ceylon (433 8 A.C.), during which time he was unsuccessful in his attempts to kill Dhatusena, the rightful heir. Pandukas son was Parinda. Cv.xxxviii.11, 21, 29.
Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraPāṇḍuka (पाण्डुक) refers to one of the sixteen classes of Vidyādharas derived from their respective Vidyās (in this case, from Pāṇḍukī-vidyā), according to chapter 1.3 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra (“lives of the 63 illustrious persons”): a Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three important persons in Jainism.
Accordingly,
Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 3: The Lower and middle worlds“[...] After making [the two rows of Vidyādhara-cities], many villages and suburbs, they established communities [viz., the Pāṇḍukas] according to the suitability of place. [...] Dharaṇendra instructed them about the law as follows: ‘If any insolent persons show disrespect or do injury to the Jinas, or the Jinas’ shrines, or to those who will attain mokṣa in this birth, or to any ascetics engaged in pratimā, the Vidyās [viz., Pāṇḍukīs] will abandon them at once, just as wealth abandons lazy people. Whoever kills a man with his wife, or enjoys women against their will, the Vidyās will abandon him at once’.”
Pāṇḍuka (पाण्डुक) or Pāṇḍukavana is the name of a forest situated on mount Sumeru, which lies at the centre of Jambūdvīpa: the tree enveloping the continent of Jambūdvīpa: the first continent of the Madhya-loka (middle-word), according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 3.10.—There are four forests (vana) on Sumeru Mount. They are called Bhadraśāla, Nandanavana, Saumanasavana and Pāṇḍukavana. The first forest lies at the foot of the mountain and the rest in its platform. How many Jina temples are there in the four forests? There are four Jina temples in four directions in each forest for a total of 16 temples on the mount.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryPaṇḍuka, (-roga) perhaps to be read with v. l. at M. II, 121 for bandhuka°. (Page 404)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPāṇḍuka (पाण्डुक).—
1) The yellowish-white colour.
2) Jaundice
3) Name of Pāṇḍu.
Derivable forms: pāṇḍukaḥ (पाण्डुकः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryPāṇḍuka (पाण्डुक).—(1) adj. (= Sanskrit Lex. id. = Sanskrit pāṇḍu), whitish: Mahāvastu ii.152.15, read with mss. (pīto) pāṇḍuka- vello, with (morbidly) whitish hair; (2) (compare Sanskrit Lex. id., as Jain term; AMg. paṇḍua), name of the guardian of one of the 4 mahānidhis: Divyāvadāna 61.3 (see s.v. elapatra); [Page340-a+ 71] certainly the same as the nāga king of the same name, Mahā-Māyūrī 247.2 (and compare Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍaka).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPāṇḍuka (पाण्डुक).—[pāṇḍu + ka], m. The jaundice.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Pāṇḍuka (पाण्डुक):—[from pāṇḍu] mfn. = pāṇḍu, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
2) [v.s. ...] m. a pale or yellowish-white colour, [Horace H. Wilson]
3) [v.s. ...] jaundice, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] a species of rice, [Suśruta] (cf. ḍūka)
5) [v.s. ...] (with Jainas) Name of one of the 9 treasures
6) [v.s. ...] Name of a son of Janam-ejaya and brother of Dhṛta-rāṣṭra, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
7) [v.s. ...] n. Name of a forest, [Śatruṃjaya-māhātmya]
8) Pāṇḍūka (पाण्डूक):—[from pāṇḍu] m. a species of rice, [Varāha-mihira] (cf. pāṇḍuka).
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Panduka Nanda, Pandukabhaya, Pandukambala, Pandukambalasamvrita, Pandukambalashila, Pandukambalasilasana, Pandukambalin, Pandukanna, Pandukantaka, Pandukarana, Pandukarman, Pandukarna, Pandukashila, Pandukavana, Pandukeshvara.
Full-text (+2): Pandukin, Pandaka, Pandu, Vella, Pandaraka, Panduraka, Pandulaka, Pandukashila, Bandhuka, Chabaggiya, Chabbaggiya, Bhadratirtha, Nidhi, Pandukeshvara, Pandukavana, Cittaraja, Shukadhanyavarga, Vidya, Shali, Patola.
Relevant text
Search found 13 books and stories containing Panduka, Pāṇḍuka, Paṇḍuka, Pāṇḍūka; (plurals include: Pandukas, Pāṇḍukas, Paṇḍukas, Pāṇḍūkas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Vinaya (3): The Cullavagga (by T. W. Rhys Davids)
Cullavagga, Khandaka 1, Chapter 8 < [Khandaka 1 - The Minor Disciplinary Proceedings]
Cullavagga, Khandaka 1, Chapter 1 < [Khandaka 1 - The Minor Disciplinary Proceedings]
Cullavagga, Khandaka 1, Chapter 6 < [Khandaka 1 - The Minor Disciplinary Proceedings]
Vinaya Pitaka (3): Khandhaka (by I. B. Horner)
Act of censure < [11. The followers of Paṇḍuka and Lohitaka (Paṇḍulohitaka)]
11. The followers of Paṇḍuka and Lohitaka (Paṇḍulohitaka)
An act of suspension for not relinquishing a wrong view < [11. The followers of Paṇḍuka and Lohitaka (Paṇḍulohitaka)]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 15: The nine treasures < [Chapter IV]
Part 5: Description of Vaitāḍhya < [Chapter III]
Part 11: Fifth incarnation as Aparājita < [Chapter I - Previous incarnations of Ariṣṭanemi (Nemi)]
List of Mahabharata people and places (by Laxman Burdak)
The Great Chronicle of Buddhas (by Ven. Mingun Sayadaw)
Biography (39): Sāgata Mahāthera < [Chapter 43 - Forty-one Arahat-Mahatheras and their Respective Etadagga titles]
The Jataka tales [English], Volume 1-6 (by Robert Chalmers)
Jataka 279: Satapatta-jātaka < [Book III - Tika-Nipāta]