Kusuma, Kusumā: 22 definitions
Introduction
Introduction:
Kusuma means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: Kubjikāmata-tantraKusumā (कुसुमा):—Name of one of the eight female deities (yoginīs) of the Yoginīcakra, according to tantric sources such as the Śrīmatottara-tantra and the Gorakṣa-saṃhita. She is also known as Kusumāyudhā. She is a variant of Kusuminī (or Kusumamālinī) who may be added as the seventh to the series of six according to the kubjikāmata-tantra. The male counterpart of Kusumā is the Bhairava named Saṃhāraka, who should be visualized mentally.
Kusumā (and the other eight yoginīs) arise forth from the body of the Bhairava named Saṃvarta, who is described as a furious deity (mahāraudra) with various fearsome characteristics. During worship, She is to be placed in a petal facing north-east. Kusumā has the head of a elephant (gaja) according to the Śrīmatottara-tantra. She has eight arms and is is greedy for flesh and liquor (piśitāsavalampaṭā). Her colour is blood-red (rudhirāruṇa).
Source: Shodhganga: Temple management in the ĀgamasKusuma (कुसुम) or Puṣpa refers to “fragrant flowers” and represents one of the various upacāras (offerings), in pūjā (ritual worship), as defined in the Śaivāgamas.—Pūjā consists of offering hospitality, in the form of water to wash the feet, to drink, water for ablutions, offering a bath, new clothes, fragrant unguents, fragrant flowers and ornaments, food and so on. Each step in the pūjā process is called “saṃskāra” and each offering is called “upacāra” [viz., Kusuma].
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaKusuma (कुसुम).—One of the five attendants given to Skandadeva by Dhātā. Kunda, Kusuma, Kumuda, Ḍambara and Āḍambara were the five attendants. (Śalya Parva, Chapter 45, Verse 39).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index1) Kusuma (कुसुम).—A Vānara chief.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 7. 231.
2a) Kusumā (कुसुमा).—A śaktī.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 36. 76.
2b) The city founded by Udāyī on the south bank of the Ganges.*
- * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 74. 132.
Kusuma (कुसुम) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. IX.44.35) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Kusuma) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Wisdom Library: Raj NighantuKusuma (कुसुम) refers to a “flower”, as mentioned in a list of eight synonyms, according to the second chapter (dharaṇyādi-varga) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). The Dharaṇyādi-varga covers the lands, soil, mountains, jungles and vegetation’s relations between trees [viz., Kusuma] and plants and substances, with their various kinds.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)
Source: Journal of the University of Bombay Volume V: Apabhramsa metres (2)Kusuma (कुसुम) is the name of a catuṣpadi metre (as popularly employed by the Apabhraṃśa bards), as discussed in books such as the Chandonuśāsana, Kavidarpaṇa, Vṛttajātisamuccaya and Svayambhūchandas.—Kusuma has 17 mātrās in each of their four lines, with 17 mātrās divided into groups of 4, 5, 4, 4 mātrās, where however, the third caturmātra must be of the Jagaṇa type (ISI) and the fourth must consist of 2 long letters.
Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhism1) Kusuma (कुसुम) is the name of a Pratyekabuddha mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Kusuma).
2) Kusumā (कुसुमा) is also the name of a Yakṣiṇī mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: The Jaina IconographyKusuma (कुसुम) or Puṣpayakṣa is the name of the Yakṣa accompanying Padmaprabha: the sixth of twenty-four Tīrthaṃkaras or Jinas, commonly depicted in Jaina iconography.—The books of Jainism assign to the sixth Tīrthaṃkara Padmaprabha the cihna or iconographic cognizance of a red lotus. His Kevala tree is called the Chatrābha. The attendant spirits are named Kusuma and Śyāmā (Digambara: Manovegā). The chowri-bearer, generally the contemporary king, is Yamadyuti by name.
Kusuma’s characteristic symbol, according to the Śvetāmbaras and Digambaras, is an antilope. Texts of both the sects, however, diverge with regard the objects held by him. The Śvetāmbara Yakṣa will have four hands holding a fruit and Abhaya (in the right liands) and a rosary and a mongoose, (in his left hands). The Yakṣa as known to Digambaras has a lance, Varada-mudrā, shield and Abhaya-mudrā in his lour hands.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionarykusuma : (nt.) a flower.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryKusuma, (nt.) any flower J. III, 394 (°dāma); V, 37; PvA. 157 (=puppha); VvA. 42; Dpvs. I, 4; Sdhp. 246, 595; Dāvs. V, 51 (°agghika), fig. vimutti° the flower of emancipation Th. 1, 100; Miln. 399. (Page 224)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarykusuma (कुसुम).—n S A flower.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishkusuma (कुसुम).—n A flower.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryKusuma (कुसुम).—
1) A flower; उदेति पूर्वं कुसुमं ततः फलम् (udeti pūrvaṃ kusumaṃ tataḥ phalam) Ś.7.3.
2) Menstrual discharge.
3) A fruit.
4) A disease of the eyes.
-maḥ A form of fire.
Derivable forms: kusumam (कुसुमम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryKusuma (कुसुम).—(1) lit. flower, used in composition Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra 43.15, kusuma-dharma-paryāya, lit. flower (of a) dharma-p°, i.e. supreme, beautiful, noble one? Tibetan renders literally; Suzuki most subtle doctrine (does ‘most subtle’ represent kusuma?); (2) name of two future Buddhas: dvau buddhau kusumanāmau (°nāmānau) Mahāvastu ii.355.8 = iii.279.13; name of a future Buddha, Gaṇḍavyūha 441.25; followed by Kusumaśrī, the two corresponding to Mahāvastu's two Kusumas (on the passage see s.v. Maitreya); (3) name of a king, former incarnation of Śākyamuni: Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā 24.10.
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Kusumā (कुसुमा).—name of a legendary queen, instructed and saved by Buddha (wife of Kusumbha): Mahāvastu i.177.14; 180.14, 17; 181.7 ff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryKusuma (कुसुम).—n.
(-maṃ) 1. A flower in general. 2. Fruit. 3. The menstrual discharge. 4. Ophthalmia, disease of the eyes. E. kus to shine, uma Unadi aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryKusuma (कुसुम).—[ku-suma], probably, ku-smi + a, n. A flower, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 11, 70.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryKusuma (कुसुम).—[neuter] flower, bud.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Kusuma (कुसुम):—n. ([from] √kus, [Uṇādi-sūtra]; [gana] ardharcādi), a flower, blossom, [Manu-smṛti xi, 70; Rāmāyaṇa] etc. (ifc. f(ā). ), [Mālavikāgnimitra] & [Ratnāvalī]
2) Name of the shorter sections of Deveśvara’s Kavi-kalpa-latā (the longer chapters being called stabaka)
3) fruit, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) the menstrual discharge, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) a particular disease of the eyes, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
6) m. a form of fire, [Harivaṃśa 10465]
7) Name of an attendant of the sixth Arhat of the present Avasarpiṇī, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
8) Name of a prince, [Buddhist literature]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+89): Kusumabana, Kusumabanavilasa, Kusumabhijna, Kusumacapa, Kusumachapa, Kusumachita, Kusumachuda, Kusumacita, Kusumacuda, Kusumacula, Kusumadama, Kusumadanta, Kusumadayin, Kusumadeva, Kusumadhanus, Kusumadhanvan, Kusumadhipa, Kusumadhiraj, Kusumadhiraja, Kusumadhvaja.
Ends with (+60): Adinakusuma, Agastyakusuma, Akalakusuma, Akusuma, Anandakusuma, Apsarahkusuma, Avakirnakusuma, Barhikusuma, Bisakusuma, Brihatikusuma, Campakakusuma, Canakyakusuma, Candakusuma, Candikusuma, Champakakusuma, Chandakusuma, Chandikusuma, Darbhakusuma, Dashakusuma, Devakusuma.
Full-text (+192): Kusumapura, Kusumeshu, Kusumacita, Kusumatmaka, Kusumavatamsaka, Kusumavacaya, Kusumayudha, Gandakusuma, Kusumasharatva, Kusumasava, Kusumavat, Kusumashayana, Kusumita, Kusumastra, Kusumakarmuka, Kusumastavaka, Devakusuma, Kusumanjana, Bisakusuma, Kusumadhipa.
Relevant text
Search found 32 books and stories containing Kusuma, Kusumā; (plurals include: Kusumas, Kusumās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
The Mahavastu (great story) (by J. J. Jones)
Chapter XIX - Apparitions (for the edification of men) < [Volume I]
Chapter XXIV - After the enlightenment < [Volume III]
Chapter XXX - The second Avalokita-sūtra < [Volume II]
The Gautami Mahatmya (by G. P. Bhatt)
Sri Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 4.8.79 < [Part 8 - Compatible & Incompatible Mellows (maitrī-vaira-sthiti)]
Verse 3.3.113 < [Part 3 - Fraternal Devotion (sakhya-rasa)]
Verse 3.3.4 < [Part 3 - Fraternal Devotion (sakhya-rasa)]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Part 14: Padmaprabha’s messenger-deities (śāsanadevatās) < [Chapter IV - Padmaprabhacaritra]
Bhajana-Rahasya (by Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura Mahasaya)