
Formed in 2009, the Archive Team (not to be confused with the archive.org Archive-It Team) is a rogue archivist collective dedicated to saving copies of rapidly dying or deleted websites for the sake of history and digital heritage. The group is 100% composed of volunteers and interested parties, and has expanded into a large amount of related projects for saving online and digital history.
History is littered with hundreds of conflicts over the future of a community, group, location or business that were "resolved" when one of the parties stepped ahead and destroyed what was there. With the original point of contention destroyed, the debates would fall to the wayside. Archive Team believes that by duplicated condemned data, the conversation and debate can continue, as well as the richness and insight gained by keeping the materials. Our projects have ranged in size from a single volunteer downloading the data to a small-but-critical site, to over 100 volunteers stepping forward to acquire terabytes of user-created data to save for future generations.
The main site for Archive Team is at archiveteam.org and contains up to the date information on various projects, manifestos, plans and walkthroughs.
This collection contains the output of many Archive Team projects, both ongoing and completed. Thanks to the generous providing of disk space by the Internet Archive, multi-terabyte datasets can be made available, as well as in use by the Wayback Machine, providing a path back to lost websites and work.
Our collection has grown to the point of having sub-collections for the type of data we acquire. If you are seeking to browse the contents of these collections, the Wayback Machine is the best first stop. Otherwise, you are free to dig into the stacks to see what you may find.
The Archive Team Panic Downloads are full pulldowns of currently extant websites, meant to serve as emergency backups for needed sites that are in danger of closing, or which will be missed dearly if suddenly lost due to hard drive crashes or server failures.
How would you print just the 10th line of a file?
For example, assume that
file.txt
has the following content:Your script should output the tenth line, which is:
[show hint]
Hint:
1. If the file contains less than 10 lines, what should you output?
2. There's at least three different solutions. Try to explore all possibilities.
这道题让我们用Bash脚本来打印一个txt文件的第十行,可以用很多种方法来实现,我们先来看一种是用awk来实现的方法,awk是强大的文本分析工具,具有流控制、数学运算、进程控制、内置的变量和函数、循环和判断的功能,具体可以参见这个帖子。其中NR表示行数,$0表示当前记录,所以我们可以用if来判断行数为第十行时,将内容打印出来即可:
解法一:
我们也可以用更简洁的写法来打印出第十行如下:
解法二:
我们也可以使用流编辑工具sed来做,关于sed的讲解可以参见这个帖子。-n默认表示打印所有行,p限定了具体打印的行数:
解法三:
我们也可以使用tail和head关键字来打印,关于tail和head的用法详解请参见这个帖子。其中head表示从头开始打印,tail表示从结尾开始打印,-你表示根据文件行数进行打印,一些区别与联系请见下列例子:
tail -n 3 file.txt: 打印file文件的最后三行内容
tail -n +3 file.txt: 从file文件第三行开始打印所有内容
head -n 3 file.txt: 打印file文件的前三行
head -n -3 file.txt: 打印file文件除了最后三行的所有内容
至于竖杠|为管道命令,讲解参见这个帖子,用法: command 1 | command 2 他的功能是把第一个命令command1执行的结果作为command 2的输入传给command 2。了解了这些知识,那么下面一行命令就很好理解了,首先输入file文件从第十行开始的所有内容,然后将输出内容的第一行打印出来即为第十行:
解法四:
下面这种方法跟上面刚好相反,先输出file文件的前十行,然后从输出的第十行开始打印,那么也能正好打印第十行的内容:
解法五:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/discuss/29526/super-simple-solution
https://leetcode.com/discuss/29591/simple-solution-using-awk
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)
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