The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20210125130845/https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/22
Skip to content
New issue

Have a question about this project? Sign up for a free GitHub account to open an issue and contact its maintainers and the community.

By clicking “Sign up for GitHub”, you agree to our terms of service and privacy statement. We’ll occasionally send you account related emails.

Already on GitHub? Sign in to your account

[LeetCode] 22. Generate Parentheses #22

Open
grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 22. Generate Parentheses #22

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments

Comments

@grandyang
Copy link
Owner

@grandyang grandyang commented May 30, 2019

 

Given  n  pairs of parentheses, write a function to generate all combinations of well-formed parentheses.

For example, given  n  = 3, a solution set is:

[
  "((()))",
  "(()())",
  "(())()",
  "()(())",
  "()()()"
]

  

在 LeetCode 中有关括号的题共有七道,除了这一道的另外六道是 Score of ParenthesesValid Parenthesis String, Remove Invalid ParenthesesDifferent Ways to Add ParenthesesValid Parentheses 和 Longest Valid Parentheses。这道题给定一个数字n,让生成共有n个括号的所有正确的形式,对于这种列出所有结果的题首先还是考虑用递归 Recursion 来解,由于字符串只有左括号和右括号两种字符,而且最终结果必定是左括号3个,右括号3个,所以这里定义两个变量 left 和 right 分别表示剩余左右括号的个数,如果在某次递归时,左括号的个数大于右括号的个数,说明此时生成的字符串中右括号的个数大于左括号的个数,即会出现 ')(' 这样的非法串,所以这种情况直接返回,不继续处理。如果 left 和 right 都为0,则说明此时生成的字符串已有3个左括号和3个右括号,且字符串合法,则存入结果中后返回。如果以上两种情况都不满足,若此时 left 大于0,则调用递归函数,注意参数的更新,若 right 大于0,则调用递归函数,同样要更新参数,参见代码如下:

 

C++ 解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) {
        vector<string> res;
        generateParenthesisDFS(n, n, "", res);
        return res;
    }
    void generateParenthesisDFS(int left, int right, string out, vector<string> &res) {
        if (left > right) return;
        if (left == 0 && right == 0) res.push_back(out);
        else {
            if (left > 0) generateParenthesisDFS(left - 1, right, out + '(', res);
            if (right > 0) generateParenthesisDFS(left, right - 1, out + ')', res);
        }
    }
};

 

Java 解法一:

public class Solution {
    public List<String> generateParenthesis(int n) {
        List<String> res = new ArrayList<String>();
        helper(n, n, "", res);
        return res;
    }
    void helper(int left, int right, String out, List<String> res) {
        if (left < 0 || right < 0 || left > right) return;
        if (left == 0 && right == 0) {
            res.add(out);
            return;
        }
        helper(left - 1, right, out + "(", res);
        helper(left, right - 1, out + ")", res);
    }
}

 

再来看那一种方法,这种方法是 CareerCup 书上给的方法,感觉也是满巧妙的一种方法,这种方法的思想是找左括号,每找到一个左括号,就在其后面加一个完整的括号,最后再在开头加一个 (),就形成了所有的情况,需要注意的是,有时候会出现重复的情况,所以用set数据结构,好处是如果遇到重复项,不会加入到结果中,最后我们再把set转为vector即可,参见代码如下::

n=1:    ()

n=2:    (())    ()()

n=3:    (()())    ((()))    ()(())    (())()    ()()()   

 

C++ 解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) {
        unordered_set<string> st;
        if (n == 0) st.insert("");
        else {
            vector<string> pre = generateParenthesis(n - 1);
            for (auto a : pre) {
                for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); ++i) {
                    if (a[i] == '(') {
                        a.insert(a.begin() + i + 1, '(');
                        a.insert(a.begin() + i + 2, ')');
                        st.insert(a);
                        a.erase(a.begin() + i + 1, a.begin() + i + 3);
                    }
                }
                st.insert("()" + a);
            }
        }
        return vector<string>(st.begin(), st.end());
    }
};

 

Java 解法二:

public class Solution {
    public List<String> generateParenthesis(int n) {
        Set<String> res = new HashSet<String>();
        if (n == 0) {
            res.add("");
        } else {
            List<String> pre = generateParenthesis(n - 1);
            for (String str : pre) {
                for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); ++i) {
                    if (str.charAt(i) == '(') {
                        str = str.substring(0, i + 1) + "()" + str.substring(i + 1, str.length());
                        res.add(str);
                        str = str.substring(0, i + 1) +  str.substring(i + 3, str.length());
                    }
                }
                res.add("()" + str);
            }
        }
        return new ArrayList(res);
    }
}

 

Github 同步地址:

#22

 

类似题目:

Remove Invalid Parentheses

Different Ways to Add Parentheses

Longest Valid Parentheses

Valid Parentheses

Score of Parentheses

Valid Parenthesis String

 

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/

https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/discuss/10127/An-iterative-method.

https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/discuss/10337/My-accepted-JAVA-solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/generate-parentheses/discuss/10105/Concise-recursive-C%2B%2B-solution

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment
Projects
None yet
Linked pull requests

Successfully merging a pull request may close this issue.

None yet
1 participant