
Formed in 2009, the Archive Team (not to be confused with the archive.org Archive-It Team) is a rogue archivist collective dedicated to saving copies of rapidly dying or deleted websites for the sake of history and digital heritage. The group is 100% composed of volunteers and interested parties, and has expanded into a large amount of related projects for saving online and digital history.
History is littered with hundreds of conflicts over the future of a community, group, location or business that were "resolved" when one of the parties stepped ahead and destroyed what was there. With the original point of contention destroyed, the debates would fall to the wayside. Archive Team believes that by duplicated condemned data, the conversation and debate can continue, as well as the richness and insight gained by keeping the materials. Our projects have ranged in size from a single volunteer downloading the data to a small-but-critical site, to over 100 volunteers stepping forward to acquire terabytes of user-created data to save for future generations.
The main site for Archive Team is at archiveteam.org and contains up to the date information on various projects, manifestos, plans and walkthroughs.
This collection contains the output of many Archive Team projects, both ongoing and completed. Thanks to the generous providing of disk space by the Internet Archive, multi-terabyte datasets can be made available, as well as in use by the Wayback Machine, providing a path back to lost websites and work.
Our collection has grown to the point of having sub-collections for the type of data we acquire. If you are seeking to browse the contents of these collections, the Wayback Machine is the best first stop. Otherwise, you are free to dig into the stacks to see what you may find.
The Archive Team Panic Downloads are full pulldowns of currently extant websites, meant to serve as emergency backups for needed sites that are in danger of closing, or which will be missed dearly if suddenly lost due to hard drive crashes or server failures.
You are playing the following Nim Game with your friend: There is a heap of stones on the table, each time one of you take turns to remove 1 to 3 stones. The one who removes the last stone will be the winner. You will take the first turn to remove the stones.
Both of you are very clever and have optimal strategies for the game. Write a function to determine whether you can win the game given the number of stones in the heap.
For example, if there are 4 stones in the heap, then you will never win the game: no matter 1, 2, or 3 stones you remove, the last stone will always be removed by your friend.
Hint:
Credits:
Special thanks to @jianchao.li.fighter for adding this problem and creating all test cases.
有史以来最少代码量的解法,虽然解法很简单,但是题目还是蛮有意思的,题目说给我们一堆石子,每次可以拿一个两个或三个,两个人轮流拿,拿到最后一个石子的人获胜,现在给我们一堆石子的个数,问我们能不能赢。那么我们就从最开始分析,由于是我们先拿,那么3个以内(包括3个)的石子,我们直接赢,如果共4个,那么我们一定输,因为不管我们取几个,下一个人一次都能取完。如果共5个,我们赢,因为我们可以取一个,然后变成4个让别人取,根据上面的分析我们赢,所以我们列出1到10个的情况如下:
1 Win
2 Win
3 Win
4 Lost
5 Win
6 Win
7 Win
8 Lost
9 Win
10 Win
由此我们可以发现规律,只要是4的倍数个,我们一定会输,所以对4取余即可,参见代码如下:
讨论:我们来generalize一下这道题,当可以拿1~n个石子时,那么个数为(n+1)的整数倍时一定会输,我们试着证明一下这个结论,若当前共有m*(n+1)个石子,那么:
当m=1时,即剩n+1个的时候,肯定会输,因为不管你取1~n中的任何一个数字,另一个人都可以取完。
当m>1时,即有m*(n+1)的时候,不管你先取1~n中的任何一个数字x,另外一个人一定会取n+1-x个,这样总数就变成了(m-1)*(n+1),第二个人就一直按这个策略取,那么直到剩n+1个的时候,就便变成m=1的情况,一定会输。
类似题目:
Flip Game II
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/nim-game/solution/
https://leetcode.com/problems/nim-game/discuss/73749/Theorem:-all-4s-shall-be-false
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)
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