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[LeetCode] 329. Longest Increasing Path in a Matrix #329

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grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments
Open

[LeetCode] 329. Longest Increasing Path in a Matrix #329

grandyang opened this issue May 30, 2019 · 0 comments

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@grandyang
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@grandyang grandyang commented May 30, 2019

 

Given an integer matrix, find the length of the longest increasing path.

From each cell, you can either move to four directions: left, right, up or down. You may NOT move diagonally or move outside of the boundary (i.e. wrap-around is not allowed).

Example 1:

nums = [
  [9,9,4],
  [6,6,8],
  [2,1,1]
]

 

Return 4
The longest increasing path is [1, 2, 6, 9].

Example 2:

nums = [
  [3,4,5],
  [3,2,6],
  [2,2,1]
]

 

Return 4
The longest increasing path is [3, 4, 5, 6]. Moving diagonally is not allowed.

 

这道题给我们一个二维数组,让我们求矩阵中最长的递增路径,规定我们只能上下左右行走,不能走斜线或者是超过了边界。那么这道题的解法要用递归和DP来解,用DP的原因是为了提高效率,避免重复运算。我们需要维护一个二维动态数组dp,其中dp[i][j]表示数组中以(i,j)为起点的最长递增路径的长度,初始将dp数组都赋为0,当我们用递归调用时,遇到某个位置(x, y), 如果dp[x][y]不为0的话,我们直接返回dp[x][y]即可,不需要重复计算。我们需要以数组中每个位置都为起点调用递归来做,比较找出最大值。在以一个位置为起点用DFS搜索时,对其四个相邻位置进行判断,如果相邻位置的值大于上一个位置,则对相邻位置继续调用递归,并更新一个最大值,搜素完成后返回即可,参见代码如下:

 

解法一:

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> dirs = {{0, -1}, {-1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}};
    int longestIncreasingPath(vector<vector<int>>& matrix) {
        if (matrix.empty() || matrix[0].empty()) return 0;
        int res = 1, m = matrix.size(), n = matrix[0].size();
        vector<vector<int>> dp(m, vector<int>(n, 0));
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                res = max(res, dfs(matrix, dp, i, j));
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
    int dfs(vector<vector<int>> &matrix, vector<vector<int>> &dp, int i, int j) {
        if (dp[i][j]) return dp[i][j];
        int mx = 1, m = matrix.size(), n = matrix[0].size();
        for (auto a : dirs) {
            int x = i + a[0], y = j + a[1];
            if (x < 0 || x >= m || y < 0 |a| y >= n || matrix[x][y] <= matrix[i][j]) continue;
            int len = 1 + dfs(matrix, dp, x, y);
            mx = max(mx, len);
        }
        dp[i][j] = mx;
        return mx;
    }
};

 

下面再来看一种BFS的解法,需要用queue来辅助遍历,我们还是需要dp数组来减少重复运算。遍历数组中的每个数字,跟上面的解法一样,把每个遍历到的点都当作BFS遍历的起始点,需要优化的是,如果当前点的dp值大于0了,说明当前点已经计算过了,我们直接跳过。否则就新建一个queue,然后把当前点的坐标加进去,再用一个变量cnt,初始化为1,表示当前点为起点的递增长度,然后进入while循环,然后cnt自增1,这里先自增1没有关系,因为只有当周围有合法的点时候才会用cnt来更新。由于当前结点周围四个相邻点距当前点距离都一样,所以采用类似二叉树层序遍历的方式,先出当前queue的长度,然后遍历跟长度相同的次数,取出queue中的首元素,对周围四个点进行遍历,计算出相邻点的坐标后,要进行合法性检查,横纵坐标不能越界,且相邻点的值要大于当前点的值,并且相邻点点dp值要小于cnt,才有更新的必要。用cnt来更新dp[x][y],并用cnt来更新结果res,然后把相邻点排入queue中继续循环即可,参见代码如下:

 

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
    int longestIncreasingPath(vector<vector<int>>& matrix) {
        if (matrix.empty() || matrix[0].empty()) return 0;
        int m = matrix.size(), n = matrix[0].size(), res = 1;
        vector<vector<int>> dirs{{0,-1},{-1,0},{0,1},{1,0}};
        vector<vector<int>> dp(m, vector<int>(n, 0));
        for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j ) {
                if (dp[i][j] > 0) continue;
                queue<pair<int, int>> q{{{i, j}}};
                int cnt = 1;
                while (!q.empty()) {
                    ++cnt;
                    int len = q.size();
                    for (int k = 0; k < len; ++k) {
                        auto t = q.front(); q.pop();
                        for (auto dir : dirs) {
                            int x = t.first + dir[0], y = t.second + dir[1];
                            if (x < 0 || x >= m || y < 0 || y >= n || matrix[x][y] <= matrix[t.first][t.second] || cnt <= dp[x][y]) continue;
                            dp[x][y] = cnt;
                            res = max(res, cnt);
                            q.push({x, y});
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

参考资料:

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/35052/iterative-java-bfs-solution

https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/34835/15ms-concise-java-solution

 

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

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