
Formed in 2009, the Archive Team (not to be confused with the archive.org Archive-It Team) is a rogue archivist collective dedicated to saving copies of rapidly dying or deleted websites for the sake of history and digital heritage. The group is 100% composed of volunteers and interested parties, and has expanded into a large amount of related projects for saving online and digital history.
History is littered with hundreds of conflicts over the future of a community, group, location or business that were "resolved" when one of the parties stepped ahead and destroyed what was there. With the original point of contention destroyed, the debates would fall to the wayside. Archive Team believes that by duplicated condemned data, the conversation and debate can continue, as well as the richness and insight gained by keeping the materials. Our projects have ranged in size from a single volunteer downloading the data to a small-but-critical site, to over 100 volunteers stepping forward to acquire terabytes of user-created data to save for future generations.
The main site for Archive Team is at archiveteam.org and contains up to the date information on various projects, manifestos, plans and walkthroughs.
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Given an array of integers where 1 ≤ a[i] ≤ n ( n = size of array), some elements appear twice and others appear once.
Find all the elements of [1, n ] inclusive that do not appear in this array.
Could you do it without extra space and in O( n ) runtime? You may assume the returned list does not count as extra space.
Example:
这道题让我们找出数组中所有消失的数,跟之前那道Find All Duplicates in an Array极其类似,那道题让找出所有重复的数字,这道题让找不存在的数,这类问题的一个重要条件就是1 ≤ a[i] ≤ n (n = size of array),不然很难在O(1)空间和O(n)时间内完成。三种解法也跟之前题目的解法极其类似。首先来看第一种解法,这种解法的思路路是,对于每个数字nums[i],如果其对应的nums[nums[i] - 1]是正数,我们就赋值为其相反数,如果已经是负数了,就不变了,那么最后我们只要把留下的整数对应的位置加入结果res中即可,参见代码如下:
解法一:
第二种方法是将nums[i]置换到其对应的位置nums[nums[i]-1]上去,比如对于没有缺失项的正确的顺序应该是[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8],而我们现在却是[4,3,2,7,8,2,3,1],我们需要把数字移动到正确的位置上去,比如第一个4就应该和7先交换个位置,以此类推,最后得到的顺序应该是[1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 7, 8],我们最后在对应位置检验,如果nums[i]和i+1不等,那么我们将i+1存入结果res中即可,参见代码如下:
解法二:
下面这种方法是在nums[nums[i]-1]位置累加数组长度n,注意nums[i]-1有可能越界,所以我们需要对n取余,最后要找出缺失的数只需要看nums[i]的值是否小于等于n即可,最后遍历完nums[i]数组为[12, 19, 18, 15, 8, 2, 11, 9],我们发现有两个数字8和2小于等于n,那么就可以通过i+1来得到正确的结果5和6了,参见代码如下:
解法三:
类似题目:
Find All Duplicates in an Array
First Missing Positive
参考资料:
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/65944/c-solution-o-1-space
https://discuss.leetcode.com/topic/66063/5-line-java-easy-understanding
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)
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