Udara, Udāra: 29 definitions

Introduction

Introduction
Image gallery
In Hinduism
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
2. Tibetan Buddhism
India history
Languages
1. Pali
2. Marathi
3. Sanskrit
4. Hindi
5. Prakrit
See also

Introduction:

Udara means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Udar.

Images (photo gallery)

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botany

Udara (उदर) refers to “abdomen”, “womb” or “stomach”. The literal translation is “cavity”, “hollow” or “the interior or inside of anything”. The term is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Suśruta-saṃhitā and the Caraka-saṃhitā.

Source: archive.org: Vagbhata’s Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita (first 5 chapters)

Udara (उदर) refers to “abdominal swellings”, as mentioned in verse 5.11-12, 13-14, 25 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā (Sūtrasthāna) by Vāgbhaṭa.—Accordingly, “[...] (those) [rivers, viz., nadī] rising with the Prācyas, Avantis, and Aparāntas [produce] hemorrhoids; (those) [rivers] coming from the Mahendra [produce] abdominal swellings [udara], elephantiasis, and indisposition; [...]”.

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Udara (उदर):—[udaram] Abdomen

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

1) Udara (उदर) refers to the “belly”. It is one of the parts of the human body with which gestures (āṅgika) are performaned, according to the Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 8. These gestures form a part of the histrionic representation (abhinaya).

There are three ‘movements of the belly’ (udara) defined:

kṣāma (thin),
khalva (depressed),
pūrṇa (full).

2) Udāra (उदार, “exaltedness”) or Udāratā refers to one of the ten merits (guṇa) of a dramatic play (kāvya), according to Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 17. They are characterised by their sweetness and depth of meaning.

Source: archive.org: Natya Shastra

Udāra (उदार, “exaltedness”).—One of the ten guṇas (merits) of a kāvya (dramatic play);—Description of udāra: When the composition includes witty and graceful words having many special senses which are marvellous, it is an instance of Exaltedness (udātta, lit. “deep”).

Source: Shodhganga: The significance of the mūla-beras (natya)

Udara (उदर, “stomach”) refers to one of the nine “minor limbs” (pratyaṅga), which represents a division of Āṅgikābhinaya (gesture language of the limbs) as used within the classical tradition of Indian dance and performance, also known as Bharatanatyam.—Āṅgika-abhinaya is the gesture language of the limbs. Dance is an art that expresses itself through the medium of body, and therefore, āṅgikābhinaya is essential for any dance and especially for any classical dance of India. Pratyaṅgas or the minor limbs consist of shoulders, shoulder blades, arms, back, [Stomach, viz., Udara], thighs and calves; at times the wrists, knees and elbows are also counted among minor limbs.

context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (śāstra) of performing arts, (nāṭya, e.g., theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing dramatic plays (nataka) and poetic works (kavya).

Dharmashastra (religious law)

Source: Google Books: Manusmṛti with the Manubhāṣya

Udāra (उदार).—One whose body is free from defects is called ‘avyaṅgāṅgī’; the term ‘avyaṇga’ standing for freedom from defects; just like such other words as ‘pravīṇa’, ‘udāra’ and the rest.

context information

Dharmashastra (धर्मशास्त्र, dharmaśāstra) contains the instructions (shastra) regarding religious conduct of livelihood (dharma), ceremonies, jurisprudence (study of law) and more. It is categorized as smriti, an important and authoritative selection of books dealing with the Hindu lifestyle.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Udara (उदर) refers to the “container” (e.g., of the world), according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “The state of the Gander [i.e., haṃsagati] (arises) when all the energies (of the Moon) have dissolved away. The container of the world of the Gander [i.e., udara—bhuvanasya tu haṃsasya udaraṃ] is the first energy (of the Moon). Fierce (caṇḍā) she is Umā, the New Moon who illumines consciousness. The awakening of Kaula is its manifestation (udaya) (as) the deity of the group of six (Wheels). The deity is in the Tradition of the Cave and it is she who, by means (of her) modalities, is in the six (Wheels)”.

context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Hinduism

Udāra (उदार) is a Sanskrit word referring to “exalted”, “upright” or “energetic”.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

1) Udara (उदर, “belly”) is one of the parts of the human body from which the Buddha emitted numerous rays when he smiled with his whole body after contemplating the entire universe, according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XIV).—Accordingly, having himself arranged the lion-seat, the Bhagavat sat down cross-legged; holding his body upright and fixing his attention, he entered into the samādhirājasamādhi. Then, having tranquilly come out of this samādhi and having contemplated the entire universe with his divine eye (divyacakṣus), the Bhagavat smiled with his whole body. Wheels with a thousand spokes imprinted on the soles of his feet (pādatala) shoot out six hundred prabhedakoṭi of rays. In the same way, beams of six hundred prabhedakoṭi of rays are emitted from his belly (udara).

2) Udara (उदर, “belly”) (Pali, Usatiya) refers to one of the thirty-substances of the human body according to the Visuddhimagga, as mentioned in an appendix of the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter 32-34. The Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra mentions thirty-six substances [viz., udara]; the Sanskrit sources of both the Lesser and the Greater Vehicles, physical substances are 26 in number while the Pāli suttas list thirty-once substances.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: BDK Tripiṭaka: The Susiddhikara-sūtra

Udāra (उदार) refers to “great food”, as mentioned in Chapter 12 (“offering food”) of the Susiddhikara-sūtra. Accordingly, “If among the oblation rites you see one that uses ‘kāmika (desirable) food,’ you should offer svastika cakes, ulopika (?) cakes, and other dishes prepared to the best of your ability: these include [dishes with] granular sugar, boiled rice mixed with curds, roots, fruits, and milk gruel. This kāmika food is suitable for offering in all instances except ābhicāruka [rites]. If among the oblation rites you see one that uses ‘vicitra (variegated) food,’ add to the kāmika food two or three kinds of food different from the above: this is [vicitra food]. If among the oblation rites you see one that uses ‘udāra (great) food,’ double the above kāmika food and set out large quantities: this is [udāra food]”.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

India history and geography

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Udāra.—(CII 1), a person of high rank; a rich man. Note: udāra is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Languages of India and abroad

Pali-English dictionary

Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionary

udara : (nt.) bell; stomach; interior. || udāra (adj.), noble; excellent; great; lofty.

Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary

Udāra, (adj.) (Sk. udāra, of which the usual P. form is ulāra (q. v.). Cp. BSk. audāra & audārika. ) raised, sublime, noble, excellent Dāvs III, 4 (samussit-odāra-sitātapattaṃ); DA. I, 50 (°issariya); Sdhp. 429, 591. (Page 134)

— or —

Udara, (nt.) (Vedic udara, Av udara belly, Gr. u(ζteros = Lat. uterus belly, womb; Lith. védaras stomach, See also Walde, Lat. Wtb. under vensica) — 1 the belly, stomach D. II, 266; Sn. 78, 604, 609, 716; J. I, 146, 164, 265; Miln. 213; PvA. 283; KhA 57, 58; DhA. I, 47 (pregnant); Sdhp. 102.—2. cavity, interior, inside Dāvs. I, 56 (mandir-odare). —ūnûdara with empty belly Th. 1, 982; Miln. 406, 407; cp. ūna.

context information

Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

udara (उदर).—n (S) The abdomen or belly: also, popularly, the stomach. 2 Ascites, or enlargement of the abdomen from dropsy or flatulence: distinguished into jalōdara, vātōdara, matsyōdara, plīhōdara, sarpōdara, raktōdara. 3 Womb. Ex. mama udarā ālāsi sācāra || tariṃ kari ātāṃ mājhā uddhāra ||

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udāra (उदार).—a (S) Generous, munificent, bountiful. Pr. u0 tōca śrīmanta kṛpaṇa tōca daridrī. See Prov. x. 4, xi. 24, and xxii. 9. 2 Bold, ample, free; opp. to mean, pitiful, contracted, fettered; and applied variously: e. g. Bold, frank, liberal--speech, deportment: open, full, manly--features, countenance: broad, roomy, capacious--boats, vehicles, vessels.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

udara (उदर).—n The belly, the stomach. Womb. Ascites.

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udāra (उदार).—a Generous, munificent, bountiful Bold, open

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Udara (उदर).—[ud-ṛ-ap]

1) The belly; दुष्पूरोदरपूरणाय (duṣpūrodarapūraṇāya) Bh. 2.119; cf. कृशोदरी, उदरभरणम्, उदरंभरि (kṛśodarī, udarabharaṇam, udaraṃbhari) &c.

2) The interior or inside of anything, cavity; तडाग° (taḍāga°) Pt.2.15; R.5.7; U.2.16,4.29; त्वां कारयामि कमलोदरबन्धनस्थम् (tvāṃ kārayāmi kamalodarabandhanastham) Ś.6.2; Śānti.1.5; Ś.1.19; Amaru.88; जलदोदरेभ्यः (jaladodarebhyaḥ) Mk.5; Rs.3.12; घनानां वारिगर्भोदराणाम् (ghanānāṃ vārigarbhodarāṇām) Ś.7.7.

3) Enlargement of the abdomen from dropsy or flatulence; तस्य होदरं जज्ञे (tasya hodaraṃ jajñe) Ait. Br.

4) Any morbid abdominal affection, such as liver, spleen &c. (said to be of 8 kinds vāta°, pitta°, kapha°, triliṅga° or dūṣī°, plīhā°, baddhaguda°, āgantuka° and jala°).

5) Slaughter [cf. L. uterus; Zend. udara].

6) Battle.

--- OR ---

Udāra (उदार).—a.

1) Generous, liberal, munificent.

2) (a) Noble, exalted, dignified; स तथेति विनेतुरुदारमतेः (sa tatheti vineturudāramateḥ) R.8.91, 5.12; वाचः (vācaḥ) 65; उदाराः सर्व एवैते (udārāḥ sarva evaite) Bg.7.18. (b) High, lofty, great, best, illustrious, distinguished; °कीर्तेः (kīrteḥ) Ki.1.18; °तपसः (tapasaḥ) Bh.3.51.

3) Honest, sincere, upright.

4) good, nice, fine; कृतः कटोभीष्म उदारः शोभनः (kṛtaḥ kaṭobhīṣma udāraḥ śobhanaḥ) Mahābhārata 2.3.1; उदारः कल्पः (udāraḥ kalpaḥ) Ś.5.

5) Proper, right.

6) Eloquent.

7) Kind, soft, agreeable; °वाचः कन्यकाः (vācaḥ kanyakāḥ) R.14.77.

8) Rich, plentiful; उदारा श्रीः स्थिता ह्यस्याम् (udārā śrīḥ sthitā hyasyām) Rām.4.22.16. उदारमभ्यवहारविधिम् (udāramabhyavahāravidhim) Dk.49; Mu.3.8.

9) Large, extensive, grand, splendid; साकेतोपवनमुदारमध्यु- वास (sāketopavanamudāramadhyu- vāsa) R.13.79; उदारनेपथ्यभृताम् (udāranepathyabhṛtām) 6.6 richly dressed.

1) Beautiful, charming, lovely; Ku.7.14; Śi.5.21; see उदारदर्शन (udāradarśana) below; R.16.26,51.

11) Unperplexed.

12) Exciting, driving forth (Ved.). श्रीणामुदारो धरुणो रयीणाम् (śrīṇāmudāro dharuṇo rayīṇām) Rv.1.45.5.

-ram ind.

1) Loudly; प्रगीयते सिद्ध- गणैश्च योषितामुदारमन्ते कलभाविकस्वरैः (pragīyate siddha- gaṇaiśca yoṣitāmudāramante kalabhāvikasvaraiḥ) Śi.4.33.

2) By means of arguments; इति तानुदारमनुनीय (iti tānudāramanunīya) Ki.12.4.

-raḥ Ved.

1) A rising fog or vapour.

2) A sort of grain with long stalks.

3) A figure in Rhetoric which attributes greatness to inanimate objects.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Udāra (उदार).—adj. (= audāra, °rika; neither Sanskrit udāra nor Pali udāra, uḷāra, seems so used), coarse: Samādhirājasūtra 22.26 (verse) yasya codāra saṃjñādi nāmarūpasmi vartate, visabhāgāya saṃjñāya udāraṃ citta jāyate, if in the nāma-rūpa of someone there works a coarse saṃjñā etc., then, since this saṃjñā is not homogeneous [with the pure mind], the mind becomes coarse too (Régamey).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Udara (उदर).—n.

(-raṃ) 1. The belly. 2. War. 3. Any morbid abdominal affection, as liver, spleen, &c. f. (-rī) Enlargement of the abdomen from dropsy or flatulency. E. ud up, ṛ to go, ap affix; what goes up or swells with food, slaughter, &c. or ud prefixed to dṛ to burst, and ac or al Unadi aff.

--- OR ---

Udāra (उदार).—mfn.

(-raḥ-rā-rī-raṃ) 1. Generous, liberal, munificent. 2. Great. 3. Unperplexed. 4. Gentle. 5. Upright, honest, sincere. 6. Eloquent. 7. Proper, right. E. ud well, āṅ prefixed to ṛ to go, and ap affixed.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Udara (उदर).—i. e. ud-ṛ + a, n. 1. The belly. 2. The interior part, [Bhartṛhari, (ed. Bohlen.)] 2, 26.

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Udāra (उदार).—i. e. ud-ṛ + a, adj., f. rā and rī, 1. Distinguished, [Nala] 1, 8. 2. Excellent, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 35, 8. 3. Great, Mahābhārata 3, 13158. 4. Gentle, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 33, 3. 5. Munificent, Dacak. in Chr. 183, 4.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Udara (उदर).—[neuter] (adj. —° [feminine] ā & ī) belly, womb, cavity, interior, inside; [locative] within, amidst (—°).

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Udāra (उदार).—[adjective] raising, causing; sublime, noble, excellent. [masculine] rising fog or mist; [plural] the spirits of the fog.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Udara (उदर):—n. (√dṝ, [Uṇādi-sūtra v, 19]; √ṛ, [Boehtlingk & Roth’s Sanskrit-Woerterbuch] and, [Tārānātha tarkavācaspati’s Vācaspatyam, Sanskrit dictionary]), the belly, abdomen, stomach, bowels, [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Suśruta; Mahābhārata; Kathāsaritsāgara] etc.

2) the womb, [Mahābhārata; Viṣṇu-purāṇa; Caraka]

3) a cavity, hollow

4) the interior or inside of anything (udare, inside, in the interior), [Pañcatantra; Śakuntalā; Raghuvaṃśa; Mṛcchakaṭikā] etc.

5) enlargement of the abdomen (from dropsy or flatulence), any morbid abdominal affection (as of the liver, spleen etc.; eight kinds are enumerated), [Suśruta]

6) the thick part of anything (e.g. of the thumb), [Suśruta] [commentator or commentary] on [Yājñavalkya]

7) slaughter, [Naiṣadha-carita]

8) Udāra (उदार):—[=ud-āra] mf(ā and ī [gaṇa bahv-ādi, [Pāṇini 4-1, 45]])n. (√ṛ), high, lofty, exalted

9) [v.s. ...] mf(ā and ī)n. great, best

10) [v.s. ...] noble, illustrious, generous

11) [v.s. ...] upright, honest, [Mahābhārata; Śakuntalā; Śiśupāla-vadha] etc.

12) [v.s. ...] liberal, gentle, munificent

13) [v.s. ...] sincere, proper, right

14) [v.s. ...] eloquent

15) [v.s. ...] unperplexed, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

16) [v.s. ...] exciting, effecting, [Ṛg-veda x, 45, 5]

17) [v.s. ...] active, energetic, [Sarvadarśana-saṃgraha]

18) [v.s. ...] m. rising fog or vapour (in some cases personified as spirits or deities), [Atharva-veda; Aitareya-brāhmaṇa]

19) [v.s. ...] a sort of grain with long stalks, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

20) [v.s. ...] a figure in rhetoric (attributing nobleness to an inanimate object).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Udara (उदर):—(raṃ) 1. m. The belly; war. (rī) 3. f. Enlargement of the abdomen from dropsy.

2) Udāra (उदार):—[udā+ra] (raḥ-rā-rī-raṃ) a. Generous, noble.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Udara (उदर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Uaa, Uara, Udara, Uyara, Urāla.

[Sanskrit to German]

Udara in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

1) Udara (उदर) [Also spelled udar]:—(nm) abdomen, stomach; -[vṛddhī] dropsy; ~[stha] devoured, swallowed, eaten; abdominal; [udarīya] abdominal.

2) Udāra (उदार) [Also spelled udar]:—(a) generous, liberal; magnificent; ~[cetā, ~ manaska, ~manā] noble-minded, magnanimous, open-minded; ~[hṛdaya] liberal, noble-minded, open-minded; hence ~[hṛdayatā] (nf).

context information

...

Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

Udara (उदर) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Udara.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

Relevant text

Search found 42 books and stories containing Udara, Udāra, Ud-ara, Ud-āra, Ūdara; (plurals include: Udaras, Udāras, aras, āras, Ūdaras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Chapter VII - Diagnosis of enlargement of the abdomen

Chapter I - Diagnosis of diseases of nervous system

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Part 23 - Treatment of Udara-roga (20): Udara-martanda rasa < [Chapter VI - Diseases affecting the belly (udara-roga)]

Part 24 - Treatment of Udara-roga (21): Application of copper < [Chapter VI - Diseases affecting the belly (udara-roga)]

Part 25 - Treatment of Udara-roga (22): Application of parpati < [Chapter VI - Diseases affecting the belly (udara-roga)]

+ 44 more chapters / show preview

Chapter XIV - The medical treatment of dropsy

Chapter XXXII - Description of Sveda (fomentation, calorification, etc.)

Chapter XXIII - The medical treatment of swellings

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Part 2 - Semi-poison (2): Arka < [Chapter XXXI - Upavisha (semi-poisons)]