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Database Systems and Applications Applications: Bits, Pilani - K. K. Birla Goa Campus

This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on database systems and applications given by Mrs. Shubhangi Gawali at BITS Pilani - K.K. Birla Goa Campus. The lecture covered database abstraction levels, schemas and instances, data independence, database users, the role of database administrators, overall system structure, and common application architectures. The document is divided into sections with headings corresponding to the topics covered in the lecture.

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Srinivas Paluri
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69 views

Database Systems and Applications Applications: Bits, Pilani - K. K. Birla Goa Campus

This document summarizes key concepts from a lecture on database systems and applications given by Mrs. Shubhangi Gawali at BITS Pilani - K.K. Birla Goa Campus. The lecture covered database abstraction levels, schemas and instances, data independence, database users, the role of database administrators, overall system structure, and common application architectures. The document is divided into sections with headings corresponding to the topics covered in the lecture.

Uploaded by

Srinivas Paluri
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BITS, PILANI K. K.

BIRLA GOA CAMPUS

Database Systems and Applications


(IS F243)
by

Mrs. Shubhangi Gawali


Dept. of CS and IS

1/10/2013
Database System Concepts 1.1

BITS, PILANI K. K. 1 BIRLA GOA CAMPUS


Shubhangi G.

Last Class
n Database applications n File system versus DBS H Data redundancy and inconsistency H Difficulty in accessing the data H Data isolation H Integrity constraints H Atomicity H Concurrency control H Security

Database System Concepts

1.2

Shubhangi G.

Levels of Abstraction
n Physical level describes how a record (e.g., customer) is stored. n Logical level: describes data stored in database, and the

relationships among the data. type customer = record name : string; street : string; city : integer; end;
n View level: application programs hide details of data types.

Views can also hide information (e.g., salary) for security purposes.

Database System Concepts

1.3

Shubhangi G.

View of Data
An architecture for a database system

Database System Concepts

1.4

Shubhangi G.

Instances and Schemas


n Similar to types and variables in programming languages n Schema the logical structure of the database

H e.g., the database consists of information about a set of customers and accounts and the relationship between them) H Analogous to type information of a variable in a program H Physical schema: database design at the physical level H Logical schema (Conceptual schema) : database design at the logical level
n Instance the actual content of the database at a particular point in time

H Analogous to the value of a variable

Database System Concepts

1.5

Shubhangi G.

Data independence
n Physical Data Independence the ability to modify the physical

schema without changing the logical schema


H Applications depend on the logical schema H In general, the interfaces between the various levels and components should be well defined so that changes in some parts do not seriously influence others.
n Logical Data Independence the ability to modify the conceptual

schema without changing the external schema or application program.

Database System Concepts

1.6

Shubhangi G.

Database Users
n Users are differentiated by the way they expect to interact with

the system
n Application programmers interact with system through DML

calls
n Sophisticated users form requests in a database query

language
n Specialized users write specialized database applications that

do not fit into the traditional data processing framework


n Nave users invoke one of the permanent application programs

that have been written previously


H E.g. people accessing database over the web, bank tellers, clerical staff

Database System Concepts

1.7

Shubhangi G.

Database Administrator
n Coordinates all the activities of the database system; the

database administrator has a good understanding of the enterprises information resources and needs.
n Database administrator's duties include:

H Schema definition H Storage structure and access method definition H Schema and physical organization modification H Granting user authority to access the database H Specifying integrity constraints H Monitoring performance and responding to changes in requirements H Periodic backup H Recovery of database in case of crash

Database System Concepts

1.8

Shubhangi G.

Overall System Structure

Database System Concepts

1.9

Shubhangi G.

Application Architectures

Two-tier architecture: E.g. client programs using ODBC/JDBC to communicate with a database Three-tier architecture: E.g. web-based applications, and applications built using middleware

Database System Concepts

1.10

Shubhangi G.

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