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Extensible Markup Language: in This Session, You Will Learn To

The document discusses XML schemas and how to reuse components between schemas. It covers using the include and import elements to reuse components from other schemas that may be in the same or different namespaces. It also discusses how to group elements and attributes in an XML schema using elements like sequence, choice, all and attributeGroup. The document contains examples and slides from a training presentation on these XML schema topics.

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aparnajanwalkar
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53 views

Extensible Markup Language: in This Session, You Will Learn To

The document discusses XML schemas and how to reuse components between schemas. It covers using the include and import elements to reuse components from other schemas that may be in the same or different namespaces. It also discusses how to group elements and attributes in an XML schema using elements like sequence, choice, all and attributeGroup. The document contains examples and slides from a training presentation on these XML schema topics.

Uploaded by

aparnajanwalkar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Extensible Markup Language

Objectives

In this session, you will learn to:


Reuse XML schema components Create groups of elements and attributes in an XML schema

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Reusing Components of a Schema

Schemas support a high degree of reusability among other schemas. Reusability among other schemas is achieved by using the include or import elements.

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The include Element The include element is used to include or refer to an external schema that is located at a definite address. The syntax for using the include element is:
<include id="ID" schemaLocation="filename "/>
Specifies the element ID. Specifies the physical location of the schema file.

The include element can have multiple occurrences in an XSD document. The schema element is the parent element of the include element. The restriction on the usage of this element is that the containing and contained schema files must belong to the same target namespace.
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The import Element The import element performs the same function as the include element. The import element access components from multiple schemas that may belong to different target namespaces. The syntax for using the import element is:
<import id="ID" namespace="namespace" schemaLocation="filena me"/>
Specifies the unique element ID. Specifies a namespace URI to which the imported schema belongs.

Is identical to the value used by the include element.

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Extensible Markup Language


Demo: Reusing XML Schema Components

Problem Statement:
The various products at CyberShoppe are purchased from their suppliers through their branch offices. The purchase order details are sent to the head office to generate reports. To ensure that the data can be accessed across all hardware and software used at the head office, the branch offices send data in an XML format. On receiving this data, the head office needs to verify that all branches have specified the required information in a consistent format. The purchase order details sent by the branch offices include the product ID, order ID, date of the purchase order, name and address of the supplier, quantity ordered, and price per unit.

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Extensible Markup Language


Demo: Reusing XML Schema Components (Contd.)

Problem Statement (Contd.):


The product ID and order ID are used in a number of documents. The product ID begins with P, followed by three digits. Similarly, the order ID begins with O, followed by three digits. These restrictions must be specified at a centralized location such that they can be applied across multiple documents.

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Creating Grouped Elements and Attributes

An XML schema defines the following in an XML document:


Elements Attributes Child elements Order of the child elements Number of child elements State of the element, whether it is empty or includes text Data types for the elements and attributes Default and fixed values for the elements and attributes

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Creating Grouped Elements and Attributes (Contd.)

An XML schema combines related elements and attributes into groups. Creating grouped elements and attributes facilitates the following tasks:
Create a reusable group of elements and attributes. Select a single element from a group. Specify the sequence of elements.

XSD provides the following elements to group user-defined elements and attributes:
sequence group choice all attributeGroup
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The sequence Element The sequence element ensures that the elements declared within the opening and closing tags of this element appear in a specific order. The following code snippet shows the usage of the sequence element:
<xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="FIRSTNAME" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="LASTNAME" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="DESIG" type="xsd:string"/> <xsd:element name="DEPARTMENT" type="xsd:string"/> </xsd:sequence>

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The group Element

A set of elements can be grouped together by a common name in an XML schema, and incorporated into a complex data type. The syntax for declaring a group element is:
<group maxOccurs="nonNegativeInteg er | unbounded minOccurs="nonNegativeInteg er" name="NCName" ref="QName"> </group>
Specifies the maximum number of times a group can occur in the XML document. Specifies the minimum number of times a group can occur in the XML document. Assigns a name for the group element. Refers to a group in a complex type element

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The choice Element

In XSD, a single option can be selected from multiple options using the choice element. The choice element allows only one of the elements contained in the group to be present within the parent element. The syntax for declaring a choice element is:
<choice id="ID" maxOccurs="nonNegativeInteger|unbounded" minOccurs="nonNegativeInteger"> </choice>

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The all Element The all element uses the child elements in any order. The syntax for using the all element is:
<all maxOccurs="positiveInteger" minOccurs="0|1"> </all>

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The attributeGroup Element The attributeGroup element enables grouping of attributes that can be reused with different elements. The syntax for declaring attributeGroup element is:
<attributeGroup> attribute1 attribute2 : </attributeGroup>

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Demo: Grouping Elements and Attributes in an XML Schema

Problem Statement:
The customer details of CyberShoppe need to be stored in a central repository. To enable this, the computerized data needs to be collated from the branch offices and maintained at a central location. This data has to be made available to various sections, such as the Accounts and the Sales sections of various branches, irrespective of the hardware and software platforms used. After collating the customer data, the head office needs to verify that the complete information has been made available and is stored in a consistent format. Customer data includes the customer ID, first name, last name, and contact information, such as the address and phone number. A customer may provide residential or official contact information.

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Practice Questions

Which element enables the incorporation of data into a complex data type?
a. b. c. d. sequence group all attributeGroup

Answer:
b. group

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Practice Questions

Consider the following statements: Statement A: You can group a set of elements by a common name and incorporate it into a complex data type by using the group element. Statement B: You can reuse a group of elements declared earlier by using the ref attribute of the group element.

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Practice Questions (Contd.)

Which of the following is correct about the preceding statements?


a. b. c. d. Statement A is True, and Statement B is False. Statement A is False, and Statement B is True. Both, Statement A and Statement B, are True. Both, Statement A and Statement B, are False.

Answer:
c. Both, Statement A and Statement B, are True.

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Practice Questions

Consider the following statements: Statement A: The xsd:choice element allows only one of the elements contained in the group to be present within the parent element. Statement B: You can set the value of the maxOccurs attribute of the xsd:choice element to specify the maximum number of times the group can occur within the parent element.

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Practice Questions (Contd.)

Which of the following is correct about the preceding statements?


a. b. c. d. Statement A is True, and Statement B is False. Statement A is False, and Statement B is True. Both, Statement A and Statement B, are True. Both, Statement A and Statement B, are False.

Answer:
c. Both, Statement A and Statement B, are True.

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Practice Questions You want to create an attribute named baseprice with a default value of 200, for the product element. The attribute should accept integer values. Which of the following statements will you use to declare the attribute?
a. <xsd:attribute name=baseprice default= 200 type=xsd:integer> b. <xsd:attribute name=baseprice; type=xsd:integer; use=default value=200> c. <xsd:attribute name=baseprice default= 200 type=xsd:integer> d. <xsd:attribute element= product name= baseprice default=200 type= xsd:integer>

Answer:
c. <xsd:attribute name=baseprice default=200 type=xsd:integer>
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Practice Questions

Which of the following statements is true about global attributes?


a. Global attributes are declared within the content model of an element. b. While declaring a global attribute, you must specify whether the attribute is optional or mandatory by using the use attribute. c. The xsd:complexType element is the parent element for global attributes. d. After declaring a global attribute, you can reuse it anywhere within the schema.

Answer:
d. After declaring a global attribute, you can reuse it anywhere within the schema.

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Summary

In this session, you learned that:


You can refer to one schema from another by using the include or import elements. The include element is used to refer to a schema in which the target namespace is the same as that of the containing schema document. The import element is used to refer to a schema in which the target namespace is different from that of the containing schema. You can group elements and attributes using the following elements:
sequence: Allows you to create a group of elements and specify that all the elements within the group should appear in the same sequence in which they are declared.

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Summary (Contd.)
group: Allows you to group a set of elements and use a common name to refer to these elements. This group can be incorporated into a complex data type. choice: Allows you to specify that only one of the specified set of elements can be used at a time. all: Allows you to create a group of elements that can be used in any sequence within the parent element. attributeGroup: Allows you to create a group of attributes that can be reused in different elements.

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