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Types of Charts and Graphs

Types of charts and graphs include line graphs, bar graphs, pie charts, scatter plots, and more. Each visualizes data in a different way. For example, line graphs show changes over time by connecting data points, bar graphs compare categorical data with bars of different heights, and pie charts divide a whole into slices to show proportions. Together, these charts help interpret relationships in data and identify trends.

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441 views

Types of Charts and Graphs

Types of charts and graphs include line graphs, bar graphs, pie charts, scatter plots, and more. Each visualizes data in a different way. For example, line graphs show changes over time by connecting data points, bar graphs compare categorical data with bars of different heights, and pie charts divide a whole into slices to show proportions. Together, these charts help interpret relationships in data and identify trends.

Uploaded by

lordniklaus
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Charts and Graphs

Why charts and graphs?


Displaying information in a simple manner Helps to understand and interpret the

information (comparison, relationship or


trend) more easily and efficiently Embodies some visual content in the

representation

What is a graph?
Pictorial representations of the relationships b/w two (or more) variables
Visually summarize the relationships b/w variables, (especially large or unmanageable data set) Enhance readability

Graphs can misrepresent relationships b/w variables or encourage inaccurate conclusions

Difference between charts and graphs


Chart represents simple two variable data, such as Bar charts or pie charts Graph used in some mathematical sense because it usually contains X, Y or Z-axis.
No data is represented in a graph without using axes, sometimes also divided into grids for easier classification of data

Column Graph/ Histogram


Graphical display of tabulated frequencies, shown as bars
Shows what proportion of cases fall into each of several categories Usually specified as nonoverlapping intervals of some variable Plots density of data for density estimation (probability density function of the underlying variable)

Line Graph
Displays information as a series of data points connected by straight line segments Interpolates between data points and extrapolates beyond known data values (forecast) Finds and compares trends (changes over time) Recognises correlations and covariations between variables

Pie Chart
Circular chart divided into sectors (slices), illustrating per cents Compares part of a whole at a given point in time
Earliest known pie chart is credited to William Playfair's Statistical Breviary of 1801

More effective in comparing the size of a slice with the whole pie

Bar Graph
Rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent Compares two or more values that were taken over time or on different conditions Usually present categorical and numeric variables Represent the number of observations in a given category

Comparison of Histogram and Bar Graph


Histogram Bar Chart

Consists of rectangles touching each other Frequency is represented by the area of each rectangle Two dimensional (width and height are considered)

Consists of rectangles, normally separated from each other with equal space Frequency is represented by height. Width has no significance One dimensional (only height is considered)

Area Graph
Displays graphically quantitative data (changes with respect to time) Area between axis and line are commonly emphasized with colors, textures and hatchings Represents cumulated totals using numbers or percentages over time

Scatter Graph
Mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data

Collection of points, each having the value of one variable determining the position on the horizontal axis and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis
Depicts degree of correlation b/w two variables.

Stock Chart
Illustrates the fluctuation of stock prices May also be used for scientific data (e.g. fluctuation of daily or annual temperatures)
Stock Chart type Required data series and order

High-low-close
Open-high-low-close Volume-high-low-close

High price, low price and closing price


Opening price, high price, low price and closing price Volume traded, high price, low price and closing price

Volume-open-high-low- Volume traded, opening price, high price, low close price and closing price

Surface Chart
Covers a specific geographical area and presents conditions at the surface 3 D surface that connects a set of data points Finds optimum combinations between two sets of data Colours and patterns in a Surface chart indicate areas that contain the same range of values Colors are used to distinguish the values

Row headings appear along the series axis (y-axis) Column headings appear along the category axis (x-axis) Data of tensile strength plotted along the value axis (z-axis)

Types of Surface Chart


3-D Surface shows relationships between large amounts of data that may otherwise be difficult to see

Wireframe 3-D Surface shows only the lines

Contour provides a 2-D view of the Surface chart from above, similar to a 2-D topographic map. Lines in a Contour chart connect interpolated points of equal value

Wireframe Contour only the lines

shows

Doughnut Chart
Displays value data as percentages of the whole
Categories are represented by individual slices Functionally identical to pie charts Size of the slice is determined by the series value as a percentage of the total of all values

Bubble Chart
Variation of a Scatter chart in which the data points are replaced with bubbles Used instead of a Scatter chart if data has three data series Specific values can be more visually represented by different bubble sizes

Size of the bubbles is determined by values in the third data series

Radar/Spider Chart
Displays multivariate (three or more quantitative variables) data in the form of a 2 D chart Sequence of equi-angular spokes (radii), each spoke representing one of the variables
Data length of a spoke is proportional to the magnitude of the variable First used by Georg von Mayr in 1877

Gantt chart
Illustrates a project schedule (start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project Shows dependency (i.e., precedence network) relationships between activities

Overlay Chart
Chart made of translucent paper that contains an outline of a specific part and its dimensions Superimposes the frequency data from selected forecasts so that we can compare differences or similarities

Table Chart

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