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Lesson 11 4 Properties of Logarithms

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175 views

Lesson 11 4 Properties of Logarithms

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api-233527181
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 11

Chapter 11
Exponential &
Exponential &
Logarithmic
Logarithmic
Functions
Functions
Lesson 11.4 Lesson 11.4
Standards:
Standards:
Algebra II: Algebra II: This discipline complements and expands the mathematical This discipline complements and expands the mathematical
content and concepts of algebra I and geometry. Students who master content and concepts of algebra I and geometry. Students who master
algebra II will gain experience with algebraic solutions of problems in algebra II will gain experience with algebraic solutions of problems in
various content areas, including the solution of systems of uadratic various content areas, including the solution of systems of uadratic
euations, logarithmic and exponential functions, the binomial theorem, euations, logarithmic and exponential functions, the binomial theorem,
and the complex number system. and the complex number system.
1!." Students #now the laws of fractional exponents, understand 1!." Students #now the laws of fractional exponents, understand
exponential functions, and use these functions in problems involving exponential functions, and use these functions in problems involving
exponential growth and decay. exponential growth and decay.
1$." Students use the definition of logarithms to translate between 1$." Students use the definition of logarithms to translate between
logarithms in any base. logarithms in any base.
14." Students understand and use the properties of logarithms to 14." Students understand and use the properties of logarithms to
simplify logarithmic numeric expressions and to identify their simplify logarithmic numeric expressions and to identify their
approximate values. approximate values.
Objecties:
Objecties:
%&se the properties of logarithms to convert
%&se the properties of logarithms to convert


between expanded form and single logarithms.
between expanded form and single logarithms.
%&se the properties of logarithms to solve
%&se the properties of logarithms to solve


euations that contain logarithms.
euations that contain logarithms.
Lesson 11!"
'roperties of Logarithms
#ules o$ Logarithms
#ules o$ Logarithms
I$ x% & & b are positie real numbers% b is I$ x% & & b are positie real numbers% b is ' ' 1% 1%
r is an& real number! r is an& real number!
'roperty 1( The 'roduct )ule
'roperty 1( The 'roduct )ule
(
(
log
log
b b
*xy+ , log
*xy+ , log
b b
x - log
x - log
b b
y
y
*The logarithm of a product is the sum of the
*The logarithm of a product is the sum of the
logarithms+
logarithms+
.xample( log
.xample( log
4 4
*/
*/
0 1+ , log
0 1+ , log
4 4
/ - log
/ - log
4 4
1
1
.xample( log *1"x+ , log1" - log x
.xample( log *1"x+ , log1" - log x


'roperty !( The 2uotient )ule
'roperty !( The 2uotient )ule

*The logarithm of a uotient is the difference of the logs+ *The logarithm of a uotient is the difference of the logs+


.xample(
.xample(


log log log 2
2
x
x

=


y x
y
x
log log log =

#ules o$ Logarithms
#ules o$ Logarithms
I$ x% & & b are positie real numbers% b is I$ x% & & b are positie real numbers% b is ' ' 1% 1%
r is an& real number! r is an& real number!
b b b
'roperty $( The 'ower )ule
'roperty $( The 'ower )ule
log
log
b b
x
x
r r
, r log
, r log
b b
x
x
*The log of a number with an exponent is the *The log of a number with an exponent is the
product of the exponent and the log of that number+ product of the exponent and the log of that number+
.xample( log x
.xample( log x
! !
, ! log x
, ! log x


ln /
ln /
4 4
, 4 ln /
, 4 ln /


log
log
$ $
3
3
1 1
,
,
ln x
1log
$
3
1
2
1
ln ln
2
= = x x
#ules o$ Logarithms
#ules o$ Logarithms
I$ x% & & b are positie real numbers% b is I$ x% & & b are positie real numbers% b is ' ' 1% 1%
r is an& real number! r is an& real number!
Simpli$&ing (using )roperties*
Simpli$&ing (using )roperties*
log
log
1 1
4 - log
4 - log
1 1
4 , log
4 , log
1 1
*4
*4
0 4+ , log
0 4+ , log
1 1
!4
!4
log 14
log 14
4 4
, 4log 14
, 4log 14
5ou try( log
5ou try( log
14 14
$4 6 log
$4 6 log
14 14
1! ,
1! ,
5ou try( log
5ou try( log
$ $
14 - log
14 - log
! !
4 ,
4 ,
5ou try( log 43 6 ! log $ ,
5ou try( log 43 6 ! log $ ,
3
log3 log 2 log
2
=
log
14
$
Impossible7
log 3
+sing )roperties to Expand
+sing )roperties to Expand
Logarithmic Expressions
Logarithmic Expressions
.xpand(
.xpand(

&se exponential notation &se exponential notation
&se the product rule &se the product rule
&se the power rule &se the power rule
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
log
log
log log
1
2log log
2
b
b
b b
b b
x y
x y
x y
x y
+
+
Expanding
Expanding
( )
3
6
4
1
3
6
4
1
4
3
6 6
1
4
3
6 6 6
6 6 6
6 6
log
36
log
36
log log 36
log log 36 log
1
log log 36 4log
3
1
log 2 4log
3
x
y
x
y
x y
x y
x y
x y



+


Condensing
Condensing
'roduct )ule
'roduct )ule
'ower )ule
'ower )ule
2uotient )ule
2uotient )ule

3
3
log log 3log
log 3log
log log
log
b b b
b b
b b
b
M N P
MN P
MN P
MN
P
+

Condensing
Condensing
( )
( )
1
2
1
2
1
log log log
2
log log log
log log
b b b
b b b
b b
M N P
M N P
MN MN
or
P P
+
+



)ractice: )S 11!"
)ractice: )S 11!"
1. log
1. log
$ $
4x ,
4x ,
$. log
$. log
4 4
3
3
,
,


x
x
3. log
3. log
! !
y
y
3 3
,
,
1. log
1. log
4 4
x
x
! !
y
y
4 4
,
,
1/. log
1/. log
1" 1"
x
x
! !
y
y
,
,
8
8
9
9
!1. log
!1. log
b b

$ $
8
8
x
x
! !
y
y
,
,


$ $
89
89
4 4


)ractice: )S 11!"
)ractice: )S 11!"
!$. log
!$. log
b b
x - log
x - log
b b
9 ,
9 ,
!3. !log
!3. !log
$ $
x 6 $log
x 6 $log
$ $
y ,
y ,
!/. : log
!/. : log
1" 1"
x - 1;$ log
x - 1;$ log
1" 1"
y ,
y ,
!1. $ log
!1. $ log
! !
x - : log
x - : log
! !
y 6 log
y 6 log
! !
9 ,
9 ,
)ractice: )S 11!"
)ractice: )S 11!"
$3. log
$3. log
! !
x - log
x - log
! !
$ , 1
$ , 1
41. log
41. log
$ $
*x-$+ 6 log
*x-$+ 6 log
$ $
*x61+ , 1
*x61+ , 1
4/. log
4/. log
3 3
8x - log
8x - log
3 3
84x-3
84x-3

, 1
, 1
,ome-or.
,ome-or.
'roblem Set 11.4
'roblem Set 11.4
T< pp.4=/64==
T< pp.4=/64==
.ven numbers !63!
.ven numbers !63!

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