CHAPTER 1HUMAN INTIMACY IN THE BRAVE NEW WORLD OF FAMILY

DIVERSITY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Diversity in the family today has resulted in:
a. no similarities to the family of the past.
b. a lack of expert agreement on the definition of family.
c. overemphasis on family similarities.
d. government withdrawal from the family structure.
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+. ,,,, relationships are characteri-ed by intense intellectual. emotional. and when appropriate. physical
communion.
a. !atisfactory
b. (ntimate
c. /onsummate
d. /onnected
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0. /ox and Demmitt suggest that intimacy allows us to:
a. process complex information.
b. be human.
c. function like automatons.
d. control others.
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1. 2odern marriages and families have:
a. undergone dramatic changes and are still evolving.
b. stopped changing and have remained constant over the past few years.
c. experienced dramatic change and continue to change at a rapid rate.
d. have remained unchanged over time.
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3. 4hy is it necessary to be creative in our vision of the ideal family5
a. 'ocusing on similarities and avoiding differences will help us define the family.
b. /reativity can lead to increased divorce rates and single parents.
c. )ur time would be more effective pursuing ways to avoid conflict.
d. 6isuali-ing more than simply the absence of conflict can produce motivational goals.
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7. $he key to a successful family:
a. is a two8parent unit with biological parents.
b. will be best understood by coming to an agreed8upon definition of the family.
c. is understanding the characteristics that allow intimate relationships to grow and flourish.
d. is rooted in the lack of conflict. but is not affected by creative visuali-ation of the ideal.
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9. 4hy is studying strong families so important to the authors5
a. :nderstanding what is wrong with the family by comparing and contrasting it to successful
families can make research easier.
b. :ncovering the strengths of enduring relationships can help improve our ability to build a
successful intimate relationship.
c. *ustifying the importance of two8parent families can ease the pressure on government
supported programs.
d. $he authors want to create an ideal vision of the family. but know the ideal is unattainable.
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<. $he dismay at the current state of the family and the desire to return to the =good old days= has
created:
a. a host of alternative family forms.
b. a new wave of liberalism.
c. the myth of family decline.
d. more opportunities for working women.
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>. As a result of research on the importance of strong families:
a. the divorce rate has declined.
b. family values are a favored government topic.
c. adolescents are less susceptible to peer pressure.
d. family values have been replaced by education programs.
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1?. 4hat we learn from our ,,,,,,,,, influences our intimate relationships in our ,,,,,,,,,.
a. family of origin@ ideal family
b. functional family@ family of procreation
c. family of origin@ family of procreation
d. family of origin@ extended family
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11. 4hile it may not be true. many believe the sign of a successful marriage is:
a. durability.
b. wealth.
c. children.
d. conflict8ridden.
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1+. %esearch comparing children raised by both parents to those raised by single parents has consistently
found that:
a. children raised by both parents tend to do better in school.
b. children raised by stepparents do as well in school as those raised by both parents.
c. children raised by single parents do as well as those raised by two parents.
d. children raised by both parents do eAually well to all family structures.
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10. Discovering the strengths of enduring intimate relationships may enable us to:
a. understand the causes of Bealousy.
b. build a successful marriage and fulfilling family life.
c. predict divorce rates.
d. make choices by default.
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11. 6era and David 2ace coined the phrase =family wellness= to describe:
a. the love and affection that families provide during an illness.
b. a strong family that is functioning successfully.
c. intellectual. emotional. and physical communion.
d. medical plans designed for couples with children.
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13. 6era and David 2ace believe that the Auality of life in our communities is determined in part by:
a. obBective conditions like crime and poverty.
b. a common set of moral and ethical factors.
c. subBective factors like peopleCs perceptions of local community issues.
d. the Auality of relationships in the families that make up the communities.
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17. !trong families take the initiative to fight their problems and are:
a. optimistic.
b. pessimistic.
c. egocentric.
d. self8defeating.
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19. !trong families tend to exhibit all of the following Aualities EXCEPT:
a. high incomes.
b. commitment.
c. good communication patterns.
d. appreciation.
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1<. !trong families are committed to:
a. material success.
b. promoting each otherCs happiness and welfare.
c. traditional gender roles.
d. the principle of individualism.
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1>. 4hich of the following examples best demonstrates commitment in strong families5
a. $om wakes every morning to make coffee and put away the dishes. !ue leaves $om notes
letting him know how much she appreciates this morning routine.
b. !ue got angry at $om for leaving his briefcase on the coffee table with his shoes and Backet
next to it. $hen !ue remembered that $om had Bust finished a big proBect for work and was
probably exhausted when he came home. $his made her less angry.
c. !ue and $om look forward each week to attending church together. $he time spent
together and with their church family draws them closer.
d. $om receives a last8minute invitation to a football game on the same night that !ue planned
a date. $om wants to attend the game. but decides to keep his plans with !ue.
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+?. ,,,, prevents individualism from turning into egocentrism.
a. Appreciation
b. Dood communication
c. /ommitment
d. !pending time together
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+1. A family relationship that includes mutual affection and respect illustrates the Auality of:
a. appreciation.
b. commitment.
c. empathy.
d. resilience.
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++. 4hich of the following commitments is present in a marriage. but lacking in non8marital intimate
relationships5
a. wanting to stay in the relationship
b. feeling morally obligated to stay in the relationship
c. the presence of legal barriers to leaving the relationship
d. investment of time and energy
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+0. %esearch on the relationship between religion and marriage has consistently found that:
a. there is no correlation between religion and marital happiness.
b. there is a positive correlation between religion and marital happiness.
c. religion leads temporary effects on marital happiness but does not decrease the likelihood
of divorce.
d. the relationship between religion and marital happiness has disappeared over the last 1?
years.
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+1. 'amilies that communicate well tend to:
a. promote egocentrism.
b. fight fairly.
c. communicate indirectly.
d. enBoy passive activities.
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+3. A family strength where members continue to share rituals such as eating special foods during holidays
is:
a. the desire to spend time together.
b. commitment.
c. a strong value system.
d. self8efficacy.
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+7. !tinnett and De'rain found that a strong value system is most often expressed as:
a. an unorthodox way of dealing with problems.
b. an extraordinary commitment to open communication.
c. a high degree of religious orientation.
d. a desire to spend time together.
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+9. 'amilies who share a strong value system tend to experience:
a. a =smothering= togetherness.
b. a sense of =wellness= that overpowers the individual.
c. shorter sociali-ation periods.
d. spiritual wellness.
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+<. !trong values can be demonstrated through all of the following activities EXCEPT:
a. community involvement.
b. education.
c. last8minute decision8making.
d. work.
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+>. $he family strength that allows families to rebound from adversity is:
a. good communication patterns.
b. appreciation.
c. commitment.
d. resilience.
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0?. 4hen confronted by a crisis. strong families tend to:
a. retreat.
b. expand.
c. unite.
d. shrink.
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01. 'amily members who see difficulties as challenges exhibit the family strength called:
a. self8efficacy.
b. commitment.
c. a strong value system.
d. resilience.
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0+. $he best definition for a strong family is one that:
a. has stayed together for +? or more years or does not enter into arguments.
b. uses eAuality as a means to gain wealth and prosperity.
c. creates a positive living environment where individuals leave feeling comforted and
renewed.
d. supports a socialist government and economic system.
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00. 'amily science is:
a. a decision8making process.
b. interdisciplinary.
c. highly subBective.
d. a branch of medicine.
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01. About ,,,, percent of Americans will marry and establish a family at some point in their lives.
a. >?
b. 93
c. 7?
d. 1+
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03. $here is little agreement about how families are changing and what the changes mean because:
a. the birthrate in the :nited !tates is increasing.
b. individual personal experiences may not describe the conditions of all families.
c. researchers disagree on the method of research needed.
d. most professionals do not see the family as making any changes.
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07. #essimists believe that AmericaCs high divorce rate is:
a. a sign of family decline.
b. part of our frontier tradition.
c. a manifestation of sound decision making.
d. an important measure of womenCs liberation.
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09. According to the data in 'igure 18+:
a. Eispanics have the highest percentage of married adults.
b. only blacks have a higher percentage of married adults in +?1? than in 1>>?.
c. across all races. the percentage of married adults is lower in +?1? than in 1>>?.
d. whites have the highest percentage of divorced adults.
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0<. According to the data in 'igure 18+. ,,,,,,,, was the fastest growing marital status from 1>>? to
+?1?.
a. married
b. divorced
c. widowed
d. never married
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0>. )ptimists tend to believe that divorce:
a. contributes to the decline of the family.
b. declines as a result of creative family structures.
c. allows people to create a family that is best for them.
d. is necessary in a society supporting family values.
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1?. $he process that enables us to develop a value system to guide our decisions is called:
a. discovery.
b. symbolic interaction.
c. sociali-ation.
d. regeneration.
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11. Fack of confidence and negative self8image may result from growing up in aGan:
a. strong family.
b. highly emotional family.
c. optimistic family.
d. highly critical family.
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1+. /ox and Demmitt believe that decision making reAuires logic and:
a. luck.
b. idealism.
c. emotion.
d. egocentrism.
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10. A successful decision is one that strikes a balance between:
a. needs and long8term resources.
b. personal intelligence and alternative outcomes.
c. the rational and emotional aspects of a situation.
d. intuition and unconscious thought patterns.
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11. $he first step in the decision8making process is:
a. comparing your choices.
b. defining what you need or want.
c. examining your resources.
d. developing a plan.
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13. $he decision8making process includes all of the following steps EXCEPT:
a. looking carefully at your resources.
b. identifying choices.
c. evaluating decisions.
d. building commitment.
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17. An important way to gather resources in the decision8making process is to:
a. define needs and wants
b. seek advice from others.
c. compare your choices.
d. define what you need.
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19. (t is important to gather sufficient and ,,,,,,,,,,,,,information before making a decision.
a. resilient
b. necessary
c. relevant
d. intuitive
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1<. (n the decision8making process. seeking the advice of knowledgeable people is an important way of:
a. discovering your resources.
b. defining your wants and needs.
c. evaluating your decisions.
d. comparing your choices.
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1>. (n the decision8making process. too much information can contribute to:
a. unconscious decision8making.
b. indecisiveness.
c. short8term thinking.
d. idealism.
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3?. !orting out relevant influences involves finding influences that are:
a. based on intuition.
b. important to your decision.
c. characteri-ed by connotative meaning.
d. devoid of long8term conseAuences.
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31. !ally knew something was wrong with her husband when he arrived home from work before he even
spoke. $his knowing is an example of:
a. sorting.
b. common sense.
c. rationality.
d. intuition.
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3+. #ractical intelligence is called:
a. common sense.
b. unconscious awareness.
c. optimism.
d. intuition.
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30. $he connotative meaning of a word conveys:
a. unimportant information.
b. alternative choices.
c. emotional content.
d. cultural expectations.
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31. :pon review. we often find that decisions made using intuition and common sense:
a. are difficult to understand.
b. are not really decisions. but emotional states.
c. are usually wrong.
d. are usually based on more information than was initially apparent.
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33. After defining needs. gathering information. evaluating resources. and comparing choices. a key
component of the decision8making process is to actually:
a. evaluate the decision.
b. compare choices.
c. make a decision.
d. examine the available resources.
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37. A snap decision is a Auick decision made without:
a. connotative meanings.
b. considering all of the choices.
c. evaluating the degree of short8term pleasure.
d. a subBective foundation.
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39. After making a decision. a person must stay flexible and:
a. deal with the crisis.
b. evaluate the decision.
c. make the decision.
d. look carefully at hisGher resources.
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3<. #eople who make choices by default tend to:
a. predict long8term outcomes.
b. operate in an emotionally charged environment.
c. misinterpret intuitive messages.
d. let things take their course.
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3>. 'amily science is:
a. subBective.
b. eclectic.
c. deterministic.
d. traditional.
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7?. A sociologist who is interested in determining the level of a particular family theory would consider all
of the following EXCEPT:
a. family organi-ation.
b. the concept of time.
c. family relationships.
d. the institutions surrounding the family.
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71. !ociologists categori-e theories by focusing on all of the following factors EXCEPT:
a. connotative meanings.
b. level.
c. time.
d. sources of change.
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7+. David Hlein and *ames 4hite use the term =time= to underscore the fact that family theories can be:
a. shaped by larger historical trends and events.
b. divided into old and new theories.
c. Budged by the longevity of their influence.
d. placed on a continuum between static and dynamic.
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70. 4hen Hlein and 4hite compared theories by sources of change. they wanted to know if the sources
were:
a. idealistic or realistic.
b. social or biological.
c. within the family or external to the family.
d. measured obBectively or subBectively.
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71. A realistic view claims that:
a. human behavior is subBect to the laws of science.
b. reality is grounded in a personCs attitudes and beliefs.
c. there are real things existing outside of human consciousness.
d. the concept of time is based on human emotions.
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73. $he idealistic view suggests that the key to understanding human behavior is to focus on the
individualCs reaction to:
a. biological drives.
b. outside forces.
c. emotional demands.
d. intuitive thoughts.
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77. $he exchange theory focuses on the ,,,,,,,,, level.
a. individual
b. societal
c. institutional
d. structural
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79. $he theoretical approach that guides family science researchers to look at how people gain from each
other IrewardsJ and what they give IcostsJ as a basis for understanding intimate relationships is:
a. systems theory.
b. conflict theory.
c. symbolic interaction.
d. exchange theory.
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7<. $he ,,,,,,,,,, theory tends to see the relationship between people as the ultimate determinant of
behavior.
a. exchange
b. systems
c. family development
d. symbolic interaction
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7>. $ime is an important component of:
a. conflict theory.
b. family development theory.
c. ecological theory.
d. symbolic interaction theory.
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9?. $he systems theory focuses on:
a. individual choice.
b. evolution.
c. interconnectedness.
d. personal interactions.
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91. $he theory that emphasi-es the dynamic nature of the family is the:
a. systems theory
b. exchange theory
c. conflict theory
d. symbolic interaction theory
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9+. :sing the ideas of the systems theory. the goal of family therapy is:
a. change for the whole family. not Bust the individual.
b. to reali-e that the normal state of the family is conflict.
c. to account for outside influences.
d. to eAuali-e power.
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90. /onflict theory can help us understand:
a. how government systems affect the family.
b. the meaning behind actions in intimate relationships.
c. how a child wetting the bed affects the family.
d. power relationships within families.
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91. /onflict theorists tend to focus on:
a. stability.
b. ineAuality.
c. values.
d. emotions.
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93. !ymbolic interaction theory focuses on the development of ,,,,,,, and ,,,,,,,,, through
interaction in relationships.
a. identity@ family
b. resiliency@ identity
c. self8concept@ identity
d. self8concept@ resiliency
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97. $he ecological theory places emphasis on:
a. family roles.
b. adaptation.
c. the status Auo.
d. idealism.
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99. $he ecological theory focuses on the interplay between the individual and:
a. the environment.
b. hisGher conscience.
c. the concept of time.
d. subconscious processes.
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9<. $he experiment is made up of all EXCEPT:
a. an independent variable.
b. a dependent variable.
c. a data set.
d. controls.
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9>. %esearchers can gather data from a sample population after the fact by:
a. asking Auestions on a survey.
b. setting up a control group.
c. creating an experiment.
d. observing behavior.
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<?. )bserving family interaction in a restaurant is an example of:
a. a survey.
b. clinical study.
c. an experiment.
d. field observation.
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<1. /ox and Demmitt warn that the policies of many &uropean welfare states are:
a. making it more difficult for women to obtain an abortion.
b. creating a dangerous environment for the elderly.
c. causing the breakup of the family unit.
d. compromising the integrity of child labor laws.
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<+. Americans have mixed feelings about the role of government in their family life and fear:
a. a replacement of the family as an institution.
b. support for unmarried parents.
c. the conseAuences of family decline.
d. policies that lead to government interference.
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<0. $he authors of your textbook believe that the best way to strengthen the family is to:
a. reinvigorate the cultural ideals of family. parents. and children.
b. introduce welfare policies that soften the economic burden of families.
c. replicate the traditional family practices of the 1>3?s.
d. reduce the si-e of the extended family.
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<1. $he authors of your textbook believe that the family endures because it is:
a. based on biological needs.
b. a flexible institution.
c. supported by religion.
d. protected by welfare policies.
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<3. Despite the many criticisms. the family remains:
a. the basic unit of society.
b. in decline.
c. traditional.
d. pessimistic.
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TRUE/FALSE
1. &xperts agree on a definition of family.
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+. Despite our differences. successful human relationships are built on similarities.
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0. :nhappy. conflict8ridden marriages do not last a lifetime.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': (ntroduction )"*: 1
1. Kour family of origin is the one in which you were born and grew up.
A!: $ #$!: 1 %&': "uilding !uccessful %elationships
)"*: 1
3. $he good old days of the family were Auantifiably better than the families today.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': "uilding !uccessful %elationships
)"*: 0
7. /hildren from single8parent homes have eAual outcomes in school. employment. and psychological
adBustment to children from two8parent homes.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': "uilding !uccessful %elationships
)"*: 3
9. $he basic thrust of your textbook is to encourage the return to family values.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': "uilding !uccessful %elationships
)"*: 3
<. &mpathy is a desire to spend time together.
A!: ' #$!: 1
%&': ;ualities of !trong and %esilient 'amilies: An )verview )"*: 3
>. %eligion has a monopoly on spirituality.
A!: ' #$!: 1
%&': ;ualities of !trong and %esilient 'amilies: An )verview )"*: 3
1?. )nly about 3? percent of people will marry and establish a family at some time in their lives.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': /an 4e !tudy (ntimacy5
)"*: 9
11. )ptimists feel that the wide variety of acceptable relationships now available to Americans allows
people to create the family that is best for them.
A!: $ #$!: 1 %&': /an 4e !tudy (ntimacy5
)"*: <
1+. Euman beings have the shortest dependency period of any mammal.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': 2aking Decisions $hat Fead to a 'ulfilling Fife
)"*: >
10. /onscious decisions are made without knowing or without awareness.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': 2aking Decisions $hat Fead to a 'ulfilling Fife
)"*: >
11. ot deciding is still a form of making a decision.
A!: $ #$!: 1 %&': 2aking Decisions $hat Fead to a 'ulfilling Fife
)"*: >
13. 2any societies have formal procedures for teaching decision8making skills.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': 2aking Decisions $hat Fead to a 'ulfilling Fife
)"*: >
17. !killful decision making also takes into account the emotions of others who will be affected by your
decisions.
A!: $ #$!: 1 %&': 2aking Decisions $hat Fead to a 'ulfilling Fife
)"*: >
19. $he first step in the decision8making process is to evaluate your resources.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': 2aking Decisions $hat Fead to a 'ulfilling Fife
)"*: 1?
1<. $here is usually a perfectly logical basis for making an intuitive or common sense decision.
A!: $ #$!: 1 %&': 2aking Decisions $hat Fead to a 'ulfilling Fife
)"*: 1?
1>. ;uick decisions are always bad decisions.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': 2aking Decisions $hat Fead to a 'ulfilling Fife
)"*: 1?
+?. 4e have the ability to learn and choose much of our behavior.
A!: $ #$!: 1 %&': 2aking Decisions $hat Fead to a 'ulfilling Fife
)"*: 1?
+1. A theory must always be factually correct in order to make successful predictions.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': $heoretical Approaches to 'amily !tudy
)"*: 11
++. &xchange theory examines personal interactions in terms of meanings and symbols.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': $heoretical Approaches to 'amily !tudy
)"*: 1+
+0. !ystems theory stresses the importance of subBective awareness.
A!: ' #$!: 1 %&': $heoretical Approaches to 'amily !tudy
)"*: 1+
+1. #roblems arise when the experimental method is applied to humans.
A!: $ #$!: 1 %&': 2ethods of !tudy
)"*: 10
+3. $he family endures because it is a flexible institution with great resilience.
A!: $ #$!: 1 %&': !trengthening the 'amily
)"*: 13
SHORT ANSWER
1. 4hy is it important to focus on the similarities and lay aside the differences when discussing
successful human relationships5
A!:
&mphasi-ing similarities helps to create a foundation of shared values.
#$!: 1 %&': (ntroduction )"*: 1
+. Eow can any type of family be successful5
A!:
"y understanding the characteristics that make intimate relationships grow and flourish@ by making
good decisions.
#$!: 1 %&': "uilding !uccessful %elationships )"*: 3
0. %esearch has found that strong families are optimistic. Develop a profile of how a strong family views
life.
A!:
$hey take initiative to solve their own problems@ have control of their own lives@ do not Bust react. but
make things happen@ exercise the ability to make life more enBoyable.
#$!: 1 %&': "uilding !uccessful %elationships )"*: <
1. Differentiate between optimistsC and pessimistsC views of the family.
A!:
)ptimists feel a wide variety of relationships allow people to create a family that is best for themselves
and see divorce as normal. #essimists see the high divorce rate. children born out of wedlock. and
devaluation of children because mothers are working as signs of family decline.
#$!: 1 %&': "uilding !uccessful %elationships )"*: <
3. 4hy is the ability to make decisions and choose a gift5
A!:
/hoice makes each of us human. 4e have the uniAue ability to learn and make decisions about
behavior. (f we let others make our decisions for us. we give away a uniAue aspect of being human.
#$!: 1 %&': 2aking Decisions $hat Fead to a 'ulfilling Fife
)"*: 1?
7. 4hat are the purposes of theory5
A!:
!erves as a guide for further research@ serves to generali-e and summari-e knowledge@ serves to
predict
#$!: 1 %&': $heoretical Approaches to 'amily !tudy
)"*: 11
9. 4hat is the difference between the realistic view and the idealistic view of the family as it relates to
family theory5
A!:
$he realistic view claims that outside forces or institutions determine family behavior@ the idealistic
view suggests that the familyCs reactions to outside forces determine behavior.
#$!: 1 %&': $heoretical Approaches to 'amily !tudy
)"*: 11
<. According to symbolic interaction theory. what affects the ability of two people to get along5
A!:
$he individuals should have similar perceived realities.
#$!: 1 %&': $heoretical Approaches to 'amily !tudy
)"*: 1+
>. 4hat are the problems associated with using humans for experimental methods of research5
A!:
Eumans are not always available for experimental purposes@ their awareness gets in the way of the
experiment@ the complexity of human beings in which many factors must be controlled.
#$!: 1 %&': 2ethods of !tudy )"*: 10
1?. 4hy do Americans have mixed feelings about government involvement with families5
A!:
4hile help for families is needed. some fear government interference and effects of government
policies will harm the family.
#$!: 1 %&': !trengthening the 'amily )"*: 13