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Quick Study Notes On Computers

This document provides quick study notes on computers. It defines units of data storage such as bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, etc. It describes binary and hexadecimal number systems used in computers. It discusses data representation schemes like ASCII, EBCDIC, and binary coding. It also summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation using artificial intelligence. Key aspects covered include UNIVAC as the first general purpose computer, the transition between generations from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits to microprocessors.

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270 views

Quick Study Notes On Computers

This document provides quick study notes on computers. It defines units of data storage such as bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, etc. It describes binary and hexadecimal number systems used in computers. It discusses data representation schemes like ASCII, EBCDIC, and binary coding. It also summarizes the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation using artificial intelligence. Key aspects covered include UNIVAC as the first general purpose computer, the transition between generations from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits to microprocessors.

Uploaded by

raanaar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quick Study Notes on Computers

Hello Readers,
Here we are presenting to you all the "Quick Notes on Computer", which can be expected in the
ongoing IBPS Clerk 2014 Exam. Practise well!!
DATA REPRESENTATION Memory Units:
4 bit = 1 nibble
8 bit = 1 byte
1024 B = 1 KB (Kilo Byte)
1024 KB = 1 MB (Mega Byte)
1024 MB = 1 GB (Giga Byte)
1024 GB = 1 TB (Tera Byte)
1024 TB = 1 PB (Peta Byte)
1024 PB = 1 XB (Exa Byte)
1024 XB = 1 ZB (Zeta Byte)
1024 ZB = 1 YB (Yota Byte)
bit < Byte < KB < MB < GB < TB < PB < XB < ZB < YB

bit (b)
Byte (B)

Mbps mega bits per sec.


MBps mega Bytes per sec.

The information you put into the computer is called Data


Information of a computer is stored as Digital Data
A number system defines a set of values that is used to represent Quantity
In which number system, the modern computers are operated?

Binary Number System

Name the most significant bit, which represent 1 and 0 for a positive number and negative
number, respectively.

Sign Bit

Which coding scheme represents data in a binary form in the computer system? ASCII, EBCDIC
and Unicode are the most commonly used codes under this scheme.

Binary Coding Scheme

EBCDIC is a 8-Bit code with 256 different representations of characters. It is mainly used in
mainframe computers.
EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
In the Hexadecimal Number System each number represents a power of 16. To represent the
decimal numbers, this system uses numbers from 0 to 9 and characters from A to F to represent

numbers 10-15, respectively. It is commonly used as a shortcut notation for groups of four binary
digits
BCD is a method that represents the decimal digits with the help of binary digits. It takes
advantage that one decimal numeral can be represented by 4-bit pattern. BCD stands for Binary
Coded Decimal
This coding system is used to represent the interval storage area of the computers. In this
system, every character is represented by a combination of bits. Binary Coding System
The Base or Radix of the decimal number system is 10
The arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division) performed on the
binary numbers is called Binary Arithmetic
What is the standard code the computer industry created to represent characters? American
Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
ASCII is a code used for standardizing the storage and transfer of information amongst various
computing devices.
It is required for representing more than 64 characters. At present, the mostly used coding
systems are ASCII and EBCDIC
Which code is also known as Reflected Code? Gray Code
The 7-bit ASCII code is widely used for Two (0 or 1)
In the binary language, each letter of the alphabet, each number and each special character is
made up of a unique combination of Eight Bits.

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

Which was the first general purpose computer, designed to handle both numeric and textual
information? Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC) (1951)

First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes:

The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were
often enormous, taking up entire rooms.
The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices.
In first generation of computer, this operating system allowed only one program to run at a time
and a number of input jobs are grouped for processing. It is known as Batch Processing.

Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors:

Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers.

Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits:

The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers.
Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which
drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors:

The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated


circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.
What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand
Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld
devices

Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence:

Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development,
though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.
In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the
Macintosh.

Read more: http://www.bankersadda.com/2014/12/quick-study-notes-on-computers.html#ixzz3lWyH1eki

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