Pinterest

Pinterest is a web and mobile application company,

which operates an eponymous photo sharing website.
Registration is required for use.[4] The site was founded
by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra and Evan Sharp. It is
managed by Cold Brew Labs and funded by a small group
of entrepreneurs and investors.[5]

tation from an already registered friend, or they could request an invitation directly from the Pinterest website that
could take some time to receive. An account can also be
created and accessed by linking Pinterest to a Facebook
or Twitter prole. When a user re-posts or re-pins an image to their own board, they have the option of notifying
their Facebook and Twitter followers; this feature can be
Pinterest CEO Ben Silbermann summarized the company
[9]
as a catalog of ideas, rather than as a social network, managed on the settings page.
that inspires users to go out and do that thing.[6]
On the main Pinterest page, a pin feed appears, displaying the chronological activity from the Pinterest boards
that a user follows.[10] When browsing for new boards
and relevant pins, users can visit a Tastemakers page
1 Use
that recommend pinboards with content similar to previous pins saved by a user.[7] For both guests and Pinterest
users, there are currently four main sections to browse:
everything, videos, popular, and gifts.
Quick links to Pinterest include the pin it button that
can be added to the bookmark bar of a web browser, Follow me and Pin it buttons added to personal website or
blog page,[8] and the Pinterest iPhone application available through the App Store.[11]
Users should be aware of certain terms and functions
when using Pinterest. A board is where the users pins
are located. Users can have several boards for various
items such as quotes, travel or, most popularly, weddings.
A pin is an image that has either been uploaded or
linked from a website. Once users create boards and add
pins, other users can now repin, meaning they can pin one
users image to their board as well.[12] Once the user has
set up their account and boards, they can browse, comment, and like other pins. If a user wants to turn an image online into a pin, there are a few simple steps to do
so. First, the user must select the image to pin. Second,
the user then clicks on the Add + button on Pinterest.
Third, the user enters an image URL into the link box.
Next, the user selects the exact image they want to pin,
and place it on the designated board. Users can then describe the pin and share it via Twitter or Facebook. Other
users can now click on the pin to see which board the image is pinned in, who pinned the image previously, where
the original pin is from, and who has liked, commented,
or repinned the image. Pinterest has also added the option of making boards secret so that the user can pin to
and view boards that only the user can see when logged
into their own account. People normally post seles
and things they have made. A user can nd friends by
using his or her Facebook and Twitter accounts. This
allows for an easy ow of information through varying
infrastructure.

Design as of May 2017.

Pinterest is a free website that requires registration to

use.[4] Users can upload, save, sort, and manage images
known as pinsand other media content (e.g., videos and
images) through collections known as pinboards.[7] Pinterest acts as a personalized media platform. Users can
browse the content of others in their feed. Users can then
save individual pins to one of their own boards using the
Pin It button, with Pinboards typically organized by a
central topic or theme. Users can personalize their experience with Pinterest by pinning items, creating boards,
and interacting with other members. By doing so, the
users pin feed displays unique, personalized results.
Content can also be found outside of Pinterest and similarly uploaded to a board via the Pin It button, which
can be downloaded to the bookmark bar on a web
browser,[8] or be implemented by a webmaster directly
on the website. They also have the option of sending a
pin to other Pinterest users and email accounts through
the Send button. Some websites include red and white
pin it buttons on items, which allow Pinterest users to
pin them directly.
Initially, there were several ways to register a new Pinterest account. Potential users could either receive an invi1

USE

The website has proven especially popular among 1.2 User data
women.[13] According to Nielsen, in 2012 the U.S. female
audience of Pinterest accessing the website through the
computer was 70%.[14] The average Pinterest user spent
about 90 minutes per month on the website in 2012.[15]
The most popular categories on Pinterest are food &
Like Facebook and Twitter, Pinterest now lets mardrink, DIY & crafts, womens apparel, home decor, and
keters access the data collected on its users. Tech[16]
travel.
nology providers including Salesforce.com, Hootsuite,
Users should also keep in mind that Pinterest stores ac- Spredfast, Percolate, Piqora, Curalate, and Tailwind are
tual copies (not just thumbnails and links) of the images presently the only companies granted access to the data.
being pinned. This has caused controversy with regard By granting access to users data, Pinterest lets marketers
to copyright issues for photographers. The technical un- investigate how people respond to products.[23] If a prodderpinnings of Pinterest are not unique: Pinterest uses uct has a high number of repins, this generally tells the
Amazon S3 cloud storage (running at large datacenters) producer of the product that it is well liked by many memand data deduplication.
bers of the Pinterest community. Now that Pinterest lets
Pinboards can be used by educators to plan lessons. marketers access the data, companies can view user comTeachers can pin sites for later referral. Students can pin ments on the product to learn how people like or dislike it. A 2013 study on Pinterest practices found that
and organize sources and collaborate on projects.[17]
repinning was the most popular action by users, folPinterest has played a role in the run-up to the 2012 lowed by likes, and lastly, commenting.[24] According to
US presidential election. The wives of both candidates Salesforce.com, Pinterest has become a key part of corcreated accounts. Ann Romney debuted her Pinterest porate digital marketing strategies. Before 2013, Pinteraccount in March and First Lady Michelle Obama an- est only accounted for about 2 percent of global socialnounced hers in June.[18]
mediated sales, however it has recently substantially in[25]
People use social mePinterest does not generate its own content; rather, it creased to about 23 percent.
dia
sites
like
Pinterest
to
direct
or
guide their choices in
draws from many resources around the web and compiles
products.
However,
at
this
time,
the
data collected from
them in one convenient location for users. By transferring
Pinterest
is
predominantly
from
female
users. A recent
information from restricted access to a more open pubstudy
found
that
80%
of
Pinterest
users
are women.[26]
lic sphere, information transaction costs have decreased
Many businesses use Pinterest Analytics to investigate
drastically.
whether the time spent on the social networking site is
The items users pin dene their identities and boards they
actually producing results or not. Through the access
view. Pinterest then modies a users homepage to reect
of Pinterest Analytics, companies receive insight to data
toward his or her interests. However, similar to other onvia API, which makes it easier for the businesses using
line algorithms (e.g. YouTube and Google), this eort
this method to closely engage with the consumer poputo personalize has its drawbacks. By only being shown
lation on Pinterest.[27] Pinterest Analytics is much like
items users are comfortable with, users are unexposed to
Google Analytics. It is a created service that generforeign ideas. Many users are unaware of the personalates comprehensive statistics on a specic websites trafization.
c, commonly used by marketers. Pins, pinners, repins,
and repinners are some aspects of user data that Pinterest Analytics provides. It also collects data that depicts
1.1 Business pages
the percentage of change within a specic time, to determine if a product is more popular on a specic day
Pinterest also allows businesses to create pages aimed during the week, or slowly becoming unpopular. This
at promoting their companies online.[19] Such pages can data helps marketing agencies alter their strategies to gain
serve as a virtual storefront. In one case study of a more popularity, often changing the visual content to apfashion website, users visiting from Pinterest spent $180 peal to the Pinterest community. The Most Clicked
compared to $85 spent from users coming from Face- tab in Pinterest Analytics demonstrates products that are
book. These users spent less time on the companys more likely to sell. According to a study by Converto, in
website, choosing instead to browse from the companys April 2012, Pinterest drove more social media-originated
pinboard.[20] Further brand studies have continued to e-commerce sales than Facebook or Twitter.[28] Compashow Pinterest is more eective at driving sales than other nies also can add their own ideas features to explore how
forms of social media.[21] In 2013, Pinterest introduced consumers respond to a product, like the Pinterest Trends
a new tool called 'Rich Pins, to enhance the customer product, Piqora. Piquora is a visual analytics and marexperience when browsing through pins made by compa- keting provider for specically visual social networking
nies. Business pages can include various data, topics and sites including Tumblr, Instagram, and Pinterest. Marinformation such as prices of products, ratings of movies keters use Piqoras Pinterest Trends to analyze a brands
performance against competitors on Pinterest.[29]
or ingredients for recipes.[22]

2.1
1.2.1

Copyrighted content

est in the development of visual bookmarking, including

Yelp co-founder David Galbraiths invention of Wists in
Globally, the site is most popular with women. In 2012, a 2005, and later sites such as ThisNext and Stylehive.
report found that 83% of the global users were women.[30] In early 2011, the company secured a $10 million USD
Britain, however, is an exception. As of March 2012, Series A nancing led by Jeremy Levine and Sarah Tavel
56% of the users were male and their age prole was dif- of Bessemer Venture Partners. In October 2011, after an
ferent too, being about 10 years younger than in the U.S., introduction from Kevin Hartz and Jeremy Stoppelman,
where the predominant age range was typically 35-44.[31] the company secured $27 million USD in funding from
In terms of age distribution, the Pinterest demographic Andreessen Horowitz, which valued the company at $200
closely resembles the U.S. Internet population.[32]
million USD.
1.2.2

Demographics

Growth

For January 2012, comScore reported the site had 11.7

million unique U.S. visitors, making it the fastest site
ever to break through the 10 million unique visitor
mark.[33] comScore recorded a unique users moving average growth of 85% from mid-January to mid-February
and a 17% growth from mid-February to mid-March.[34]
Much of the services early user base consisted of infrequent contributors. The sites user growth, which slowed
in March 2012, could pick up as the sites user base
solidies around dedicated users according to a comScore representative.[35] In August 2012, Pinterest overtook competing micro-blogging site Tumblr for the rst
time in terms of unique monthly visitors, clocking in at
just under 25 million.[36]

Retail companies use Pinterest for advertising and style

trending. Pinterest intends the web design to support
style conscious retailers, where customers can visualize products within a consumer context. Companies like
The Gap, Chobani, Nordstrom, and West Elm use Pinterest to gather online referrals that link users with similar
interests to a company. The Gap has arguably taken the
biggest initiative in their use of Pinterest, employing their
own themed pinboards such as "Denim Icons" and Everybody in Gap.
Baynote founder Scott Brave sees Pinterest as an ideal
environment to collect anity data; a resource that holds
the potential for substantial demand and income. This
data reveals valuable relationships between consumer
behaviours, products and content, where it can be collected and sold as marketing analysis.

In May 2012, Pinterest was valued at $1.5 billion. In

February 2013, it was valued at $2.5 billion. In October
2013, it was valued at $3.8 billion. In May 2014, it was
valued at $5 billion. In June 2015, it was valued at $11
billion.[40] In May 2015, Fortune Magazine listed Pinterest in the 8th position on its Unicorn List, which ranks
In 2014, Pinterest generated its rst revenue, when it be- startups that have a valuation exceeding $1 billion.[41]
gins charging advertisers to promote their wares to the
sites millions of hobbyists, vacation planners, and do-it- In June 2015, Pinterest added the Buy button to its mo[40]
yourselfers. Ads on the site could generate as much as bile app.
$500 million in 2016, estimates Michael Pachter, an analyst at Wedbush Securities.[39]
In February 2013, Reuters and ComScore stated that Pinterest had 48.7 million users globally.[37] A study released
in July 2013 by French social media agency Semiocast revealed the website had 70 million users worldwide.[38]

2.1 Copyrighted content

Business

Pinterest has a notication system that copyright holders can use to request that content be removed from the
site. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
safe harbor status of Pinterest has been questioned given
that it actively promotes its users to copy to Pinterest, for
their perpetual use, any image on the Internet. Pinterest users cannot claim safe harbor status and as such are
exposed to possible legal action for pinning copyrighted
material. Because Pinterest allows user to transfer information, intellectual property rights come to play. Pinterests system is in line with Nicolas de Condorcets view
that the publics interest in knowledge trumps the authors
property rights.

Pinterest was rst conceptualized in December 2009 by

cofounders Ben Silbermann, Evan Sharp and Paul Sciarra. The rst prototype was launched in March 2010 and
made available to a small group of colleagues and family members. Since its inception, it has developed into a
well-funded site nancially supported by a group of successful entrepreneurs and investors including FirstMark
Capital, Jack Abraham (Milo), Michael Birch (Bebo),
Scott Belsky (Behance), Shana Fisher (Highline Venture Partners), Ron Conway (SV Angel), Kevin Hartz
(EventBrite), Jeremy Stoppelman (Yelp), Hank Vigil, A nopin HTML meta tag was released by Pinterest on
Fritz Lanman, and Brian S. Cohen.
20 February 2012 to allow websites to opt out of their
Although the founders of Pinterest have not cited any spe- images being pinned. On 24 February 2012, Flickr imcic inuences, a number of companies preceded Pinter- plemented the code to allow users to opt out their photos.

3 HISTORY

Pinterest released a statement in March 2012 saying it be- downloads.[44]

lieved it was protected by the DMCAs safe harbor pro- On 16 August 2011, Time magazine listed Pinterest in its
visions. No major copyright lawsuits have emerged as of 50 Best Websites of 2011 article.[45]
March 2012.
The Pinterest app for iPhone was last updated in March
In early May 2012, the site added automatic attribution
2013,[46] and the iPad app was launched August 2011.[47]
of authors on images originating from Flickr, Behance, Pinterest Mobile, launched September 2011, is a version
YouTube and Vimeo. Automatic attribution was also
of the website for non-iPhone users.[48]
added for Pins from sites mirroring content on Flickr. At
the same time Flickr added a Pin shortcut to its share op- In December 2011, the site became one of the top 10
tion menu to users who have not opted out of sharing their largest social network services, according to Hitwise data,
with 11 million total visits per week.[49] The next month,
images.
it drove more referral trac to retailers than LinkedIn,
YouTube, and Google+.[50][51] The same month, the
company was named the best new startup of 2011 by
3 History
TechCrunch.[52] Noted entrepreneurs and investors include: Jack Abraham, Michael Birch, Scott Belsky, Brian
Cohen, Shana Fisher, Ron Conway, FirstMark Capital,
Kevin Hartz, Jeremy Stoppelman, Hank Vigil, and Fritz
Lanman.[53]
In January 2012, comScore reported the site had 11.7
million unique users, making it the fastest site in history
to break through the 10 million unique visitor mark.[33]
Pinterests wide reach helped it to achieve an average of
11 million visits each week in December 2011. Most of
the sites users are female.
At the South By Southwest Interactive conference in
March 2012, Silbermann announced revamped prole
pages were being developed and would be implemented
[43]
Founder Ben Silbermann (left) at the South by Southwest Inter- soon.
active conference in March 2012.

Further information: Timeline of Pinterest

Pinterest allows users to save images and categorize them
on dierent boards. They can follow other users boards
if they have similar tastes. The evolution of Pinterest is
based on the shared interest of its users and relies on its
members to produce the content. The most popular categories, as of March 2012, were home, arts and crafts,
style/fashion, and food.[42]

On 23 March 2012, Pinterest unveiled updated terms of

service that eliminated the policy that gave it the right to
sell its users content.[54] The terms would go into eect
April 6.[55]
According to Experian Hitwise, the site became the third
largest social network in the United States in March 2012,
behind Facebook and Twitter.[56]
Co-founder Paul Sciarra left his position at Pinterest in
April 2012 for a consulting job as entrepreneur in residence at Andreessen Horowitz.[57]

Development of Pinterest began in December 2009, and On 17 May 2012, Japanese electronic commerce comthe site launched as a closed beta in March 2010. The site pany Rakuten announced it was leading a $100 million investment in Pinterest, alongside investors includproceeded to operate in invitation-only open beta.
ing Andreessen Horowitz, Bessemer Venture Partners,
Silbermann said he personally wrote to the sites rst
and FirstMark Capital, based on a valuation of $1.5
5,000 users oering his personal phone number and even
billion.[58][59]
[43]
meeting with some of its users.
On 10 August 2012, Pinterest no longer required a reNine months after the launch the website had 10,000
quest or an invitation to join the site.[60] In addition, the
users. Silbermann and a few programmers operated the
Pinterest app for Android and iPad was also launched on
site out of a small apartment until the summer of 2011.[43]
August 14, 2012.[61]
Early in 2010, the companys investors and co-founder
On September 20, 2012 Pinterest announced the hiring
Ben Silbermann tried to encourage a New York-based
of its new head of engineering, Jon Jenkins. Jenkins came
magazine publishing company to buy Pinterest but the
from Amazon, where he spent eight years as an engineerpublisher declined to meet with the founders.[44]
ing lead and was also a director of develop tools, platform
The launch of an iPhone app in early March analysis and website platform.[62]
2011, brought in a more than expected number of

4.2

Legal status

In October 2012, Pinterest announced a new feature that

would allow users to report others for negative and oensive activity or block other users if they do not want to
view their content. Pinterest said they want to keep their
community positive and respectful.[63] Also in October, Pinterest launched business accounts allowing businesses to either convert their existing personal accounts
into business accounts, or start from scratch.[64]

5
service that, once implemented in April, ended the sites
previous claims of ownership of posted images. Selling
content was never our intention, said the company in a
blog post.[54][55]

4.2 Legal status

In March 2013, Pinterest acquired Livestar. Terms were In February 2012, photographer and lawyer Kirsten
Kowalski wrote a blog post explaining how her interprenot disclosed.[65]
tation of copyright law led her to delete all her infringing
In October 2013, Pinterest acquired Hackermeter. The pins.[72] The post contributed to scrutiny over Pinterests
companys co-founders, Lucas Baker and Frost Li, joined legal status.[73] The post went viral and reached founder
Pinterest as engineers.[66]
Ben Silbermann who contacted Kowalski to discuss mak[72]
In October 2013, Pinterest won a $225 million round of ing the website more compliant with the law.
equity funding that valued the website at $3.8 billion.[67] Content creators on sites such as iStock have expressed
In April 2015, Pinterest acquired team from Hike Labs, concern over their work being reused on Pinterest without
which had been developing a mobile publishing applica- permission. Getty Images said that it was aware of Pinterests copyright issues and was in discussion with them.
tion called Drafty.[68]
In June 2015, Pinterest unveiled buyable pins. Rich A meta tag was released by Pinterest in February 2012 to
[74]
Pins - pins which have more information than a normal allow websites to opt out of their images being pinned.
link - will get a new button that allows users to purchase
things directly from partners that its working for. Users
will see prices, be able to select specic types of a product 4.3 Awards
(like the color), and then they can tap the button to buy
Pinterest won the Best New Startup of 2011 at the
the product. The item will arrive at the users door.[69]
TechCrunch Crunchies Awards[75] At the 2012 Webby
Awards, Pinterest won best social media app and peoples
voice award for best functioning visual design.[72]

4.1

Reception

Terms of service

Pinterests earlier terms of service ambiguously asserted

ownership of user content. A March 2012 article in
Scientic American criticized Pinterests self-imposed
ownership of user content stating that Pinterests terms
of service have been garnering a lot of criticism for stating in no uncertain terms that anything you 'pin' to their
site belongs to them. Completely. Wholly. Forever and
for always.[70] At the time, Pinterests terms of service
stated that By making available any Member Content
through the Site, Application or Services, you hereby
grant to Cold Brew Labs a worldwide, irrevocable, perpetual, non-exclusive, transferable, royalty-free license,
with the right to sublicense, to use, copy, adapt, modify,
distribute, license, sell, transfer, publicly display, publicly
perform, transmit, stream, broadcast, access, view, and
otherwise exploit such Member Content only on, through
or by means of the Site, Application or Services.[70]
Under these terms all personal, creative and intellectual
property posted to the site belonged to the website and
could be sold. A Scientic American blogger pointed out
that this contradicted another line in the terms of service, that, Cold Brew Labs does not claim any ownership
rights in any such Member Content.[71]

5 Third-party developers and content

Many third-party developers have created web applications, browser extensions, and even podcasts devoted to
Pinterest. These items range from analytics, to enlarging
the images on Pinterests website.

6 Technical
Pinterest is written with Django, a web application framework that uses the Python programming language.[76]

7 Use by scammers

Social engineering of Pinterest users by scammers to

propagate surveys promising free products was noted by
the computer security rm Symantec in March 2012.
Scam images, often branded with a well-known company
name like Starbucks, oer incentives such as gift cards
for completing a survey. Once the link in the description
Several days later, Pinterest unveiled updated terms of is clicked, users are taken to an external site and asked to

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[19] How Pinterest Drives Online Sales / Pinterest Ecommerce Infographic. Shopify. Retrieved 12 February
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[66] Pinterest Acquires Coding Challenge Site Hackermeter
Right Out Of The Gate, Will Shut It Down. TechCrunch.
October 11, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
[67] Gerry Shih (23 October 2013). Pinterest valued at $3.8
billion in hefty nancing deal. Reuters.
[68] Sarah Perez (3 April 2015). Pinterest Acquires Team
From Hike Labs, Including Google Reader, Blogger Veteran Jason Shellen. TechCrunch.
[69] Matthew Lynley, TechCrunch.
Pinterest Unveils
Buyable Pins, A Way To Purchase Things Directly Within
Pinterest. June 2, 2015. June 3, 2015.
[70] Kalliopi Monoyios (19 March 2012). Pinterests Terms
of Service, Word by Terrifying Word. Scientic American. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
[71] Glendon Mellow (16 March 2012). The Promise and
Perils of Pinterest. Scientic American. Retrieved 24
March 2012.
[72] Therese Poletti (14 March 2012). Is Pinterest the Next
Napster?". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2012-0315.
[73] Hayley Tsukayama (15 March 2012). Pinterest addresses
copyright concerns. The Washington Post. Retrieved 15
March 2012.

10

[74] Joann Pan (24 February 2012). Flickr vs. Pinterest:

Flickr Users Can Now Implement Pinterest Opt-Out.
Mashable. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
[75] [http://venturebeat.com/2012/02/01/
pinterest-best-new-startup-2011-crunchie-referral-traffic-reddit/
/> Pinterest wins Best New Startup of 2011 Crunchie,
now driving more referrals than Reddit - VentureBeat Social - by Sean Ludwig"]. venturebeat.com.
[76] Django. Meet Django. Django Software Foundation.
Retrieved 2012-06-28.
[77] Sara Yin (14 March 2012). Pinterest Scams: Free Starbucks, Red Velvet Cake Photos, and More. PC Magazine. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
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by More Scams, Fake Android Apps. PC Magazine. Retrieved 2012-04-04.

10

External links

Ocial website

EXTERNAL LINKS

11
11.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Pinterest Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinterest?oldid=680443071 Contributors: Zundark, Frecklefoot, Julesd, PeterBrooks,

Mcenedella, Andrewman327, DocWatson42, Beland, Thorwald, Discospinster, Vipul, Smalljim, Gary, Darrelljon, Yamla, Wtmitchell,
Danhash, Versageek, LinkTiger, Koavf, MarnetteD, WWC, Bgwhite, J. M., Rsrikanth05, Daveswagon, Alexbrown, Annulla, Syrthiss,
Danielx, Mais oui!, NeilN, John Broughton, Some guy, ShadowRanger, Smrose, McGeddon, Yamaguchi , Gilliam, Ohnoitsjamie,
Cabe6403, Thumperward, Xx236, Tapered, PaulMison, Tigershoot, WayKurat, Bjoshuanoah, Ser Amantio di Nicolao, Gobonobo, Disavian, JorisvS, Beetstra, Optakeover, Meco, Dr.K., WilliamJE, Andrew Davidson, Oobug, Katya0133, NE Ent, Cydebot, Gogo Dodo,
79spirit, DumbBOT, Draky, Thijs!bot, Guy Macon, Dr. Blofeld, Barek, MER-C, Epeeeche, Matthew Fennell, Y2kcrazyjoker4, Magioladitis, Bongwarrior, Andrewnpeters, Theroadislong, Fallschirmjger, DGG, Ore4444, 72Dino, Xibee, Coin945, Touch Of Light, KylieTastic, Joshua Issac, Bonadea, VolkovBot, Philip Trueman, Kww, Lvivske, Falcon8765, Michael Frind, Happysailor, Flyer22, Tiptoety,
Aspects, KoshVorlon, OKBot, Denisarona, Worthj1970, Invertzoo, Wikievil666, All Hallows Wraith, 100percentrecord, Drmies, Trivialist, Sen amitava, Garing, Eustress, Thingg, Apparition11, XLinkBot, WikiRedactor, Dubmill, Addbot, Mortense, Ocdnctx, Morriswa,
Fluernutter, Oconnell usa, Tassedethe, Zorrobot, LuK3, Luckas-bot, Yobot, Fraggle81, FriendlyRobotOverlord, AnomieBOT, Jim1138,
JackieBot, TParis, Materialscientist, Citation bot, Cookiemonster70, Xqbot, Speck12, Yjenith, Abce2, Mark Schierbecker, Mathonius, Dr
of sports1992, FrescoBot, Sisyphustkd, VS6507, Tegel, Kmccorm, Pinethicket, HRoestBot, LittleWink, Calmer Waters, Jschnur, RedBot,
Phearson, ChrisClayton, Lotje, Callanecc, DarlArthurS, Budapester, Tbhotch, RjwilmsiBot, Ripchip Bot, Ha us 70, B20180, EmausBot,
Orphan Wiki, Logical Cowboy, Sarahktrapp, Dewritech, Racerx11, RA0808, Princess Lirin, J.michael7, Kkm010, ZroBot, Webmacster,
, Mineshrai,
, Mohit21jain91, Rcsprinter123, Schnoatbrax, Donner60, Protnet, Status, 28bot, ClueBot NG, Goalloverhere, Kt1502, MelbourneStar, This lousy T-shirt, Bulldog73, BarrelProof, Georgepauljohnringo, Alza08, 08OceanBeach SD, WPSamson,
Widr, Ryan Vesey, Mtking, Helpful Pixie Bot, Strike Eagle, Creativebilal, BG19bot, Arnavchaudhary, KamranMackey, Juro2351, MPSchneiderLC, MusikAnimal, Shadabiitr, Mark Arsten, Asimkhan0001, Compfreak7, Socialmaven1, Dipankan001, The Determinator,
Cristoux, IluvatarBot, N.manoraj, Bburbage, Hitekexec, Bluemonster1, Snow Blizzard, The evacipated, Rahfatsalman, Abloomer0208,
Shelbyscarlett, Morning Sunshine, Shaun, Hcxangel, BattyBot, Cbabb7, Bidoofy, SpaceBoundSoup, Aaroncarter413113, Ak Zhol Noy,
Darylgolden, Sfarney, Katienorine, Nur Shatuk, JanRossiCO, Arr4, Karhusbooks, Debbieundo, Uniquerabbit, The Illusive Man, Cabolady131, ChrisGualtieri, Sipa2012, Kimthoanguyen, Pinisimo, YFdyh-bot, Memkeytm, Padenton, Frasier4, Khazar2, Eliteearners, Jenbecca, Kloritz, JolleyM, Murad01, Bawal ang Pasaway, Sullskit, Zaluu Jutsai, JMUtarashaw, Kkristi, Ajnyc, Tunutter, SDOFA, Vkvs,
Dexbot, K brinley, Kushalbiswas777, Alysonnewbury, Horation12, Mogism, Saithegeek, Golfgame pro32, Miomiko, Kevruiz, Silopannaslim, CoLocate, Frosty, Prufrock4, Shakgenii, Priyanka365, Tnwester12, Koala15, Corn cheese, Danielsodkiewicz, Kdemaranville,
Epicgenius, Mackenzilynn, Jong87, Shahvr, Zalunardo8, Shiningbd, AmaryllisGardener, Michaelhvickers, Mreasons, JamesMoose, PhantomTech, Tentinator, Aleiser, Cleeho, Voidz, Danasotoodeh, ZH*TSTORM, AnneMcIntyre, Larissavinci, Bikersur, Nakipedia, Ugog
Nizdast, Glaisher, Dorrian100, Emilyluves1D, Acalycine, MrJTrek, Billjonny, Gnn2, Miekebl, Catcotton, Catcottons, Charitarth Unagar,
KarronFR, Filedelinkerbot, Arianna Pesci, Am174744, Vieque, Sbryanj, Sellingunicornpoop, GetSWILL, MariahSpriggle, EvanTheCat,
CatJuliano, Jordanag1755, Acm94, Shotsmc, Acagastya, Nicholapicicci, Richard Yin, Laylaamiri1, Dharmon2, Kykygeorge, Reawaken,
Standahoy, Fallrebird, SaStoCO, Joanna.skidmore2014, Sohoforgotpassword, Woganreviews, Avocado17, Azuri india backdrops, Melissialenox, Futurespast, Chachbuns, Pathogenic Cyanide Piggy, Pishcal, Jvck, Notarock, Garrettbrownwiki, Britney.melton, Daylenca, Wellongtonsboots, AmazingHetalian, Mr John Wong, JJMC89, Prloganathan, Some of everything, Kittenlover268, Studentaccountantghost4
and Anonymous: 292

11.2

Images

File:Ambox_important.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work, based o of Image:Ambox scales.svg Original artist: Dsmurat (talk contribs)
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Increase_Negative.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg License: Public domain Contributors:
Increase2.svg Original artist: Increase2.svg: Sarang
File:Pinterest_Homescreen_(Apr._2013).png Source:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/51/Pinterest_Homescreen_
%28Apr._2013%29.png License: Fair use Contributors: pinterest.com Original artist: Michael Deal and Juan Carlos Pagan (logo)
File:Pinterest_Logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Pinterest_Logo.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: http://www.pinterestlogo.com/ Original artist: Michael Deal and Juan Carlos Pagan
File:Pinterest_home_page.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/19/Pinterest_home_page.png License: Fair use
Contributors: Pinterest.com Original artist: Cold Brew Labs
File:Pinterest_on_Android.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Pinterest_on_Android.png License:
CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Charitarth Unagar
File:Silbermann_at_SXSW.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Silbermann_at_SXSW.jpg License:
CC BY 2.0 Contributors: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pantavila/6840504184/ Original artist: Anya

11.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0