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Memory Organization in Computer

Memory is used in computers to temporarily store data and instructions during processing by the CPU. There are different types of memory including register, cache, main memory, and secondary storage. Main memory (RAM) is used for active data and processing while secondary storage like hard disks are used for permanent storage. Memory is organized in a hierarchy from fastest and smallest registers to slower but larger cache, main memory, and secondary storage.

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117 views9 pages

Memory Organization in Computer

Memory is used in computers to temporarily store data and instructions during processing by the CPU. There are different types of memory including register, cache, main memory, and secondary storage. Main memory (RAM) is used for active data and processing while secondary storage like hard disks are used for permanent storage. Memory is organized in a hierarchy from fastest and smallest registers to slower but larger cache, main memory, and secondary storage.

Uploaded by

R Junaid Omer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Memory Organization in Computer

Memory is a storage to sore information or data

Computer memory
Memory is used in computer for storage purpose because computer need some
space to get data from user then process this data in CPU then save the result
into memory.

Basic Purpose of Memory in Computer


Computer is a machine which get data from user throw an input device then this
data is store in computer memory called RAM. After this computer transfer the

data from RAM into processor where required command is executed then result is
transfer to a storage device to store result permanently

Memory and its types

Register Memory

Cache Memory

Main Memory/Primary Memory

Secondary Memory

Register Memory
Registers are memories located in the Central Processing Unit (CPU). There are
more than 64 registers in a CPU and also small in size, typically a register is less
than 64 bits and 32-bit.

Cache Memory
Cache memory is available in register and it is a very fast memory Cache is use to
speed up the computer

Use of Cache Memory


It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are mostly used by CPU.

Cache memory Levels

Level 1 is a very high speed memory located in processor

Level 2 is also a very high speed memory and small then L1 cache

Level 3 is used to improve the performance of L1 and L2.

Cache Memory configurations

There are three different configurations of Cache Memory

Associative mapping
Direct mapping
Set-Associative mapping

Associative mapping
In associative mapping associative memory is used to store content and address of
the memory word.

Direct mapping
In direct mapping RAM is used to store data and some data is stored in the cache.
Direct mapping performance is directly proportional to the Hit ratio.

Set-associative mapping
In this type direct associative mapping is modified. Its allow each word to have
more than two words in main memory for address

Main Memory
RAM
RAM stand for random access memory a memory which can be access randomly

RAM Types

Static random access memory

Dynamic random access memory

Static Random Access Memory


Static ram is a volatile memory it hold data only when power is ON as soon as
power is turn off all data available in Static RAM will be lost

Dynamic Random Access Memory


DRAM stand for Dynamic RAM is used to allocate space in RAM dynamically. A
dynamic memory allocate space in a runtime process. Other types of DRAM are
SDRAM and DDR SDRAM.

ROM
ROM stands for Read Only Memory. The memory from which we can only read data
but cannot write data on it. ROM is a permanent memory.

ROM and Bootstrap

ROM is programed to start up or boot the computer

Types of ROM
MROM
MROM is known as masked rom. It contain set of data or instructions.

PROM
PROM is stand for Programmable Read only Memory. It is used to write a program to do a
specific work. The program written in PROM is cannot be delete.

EPROM
EPROM stand for electronically programmable memory this type of ROM is write throw ultraviolate rays.

EEPROM
This is stand for electronically erasable and programmable read only memory the
data in this type of ROM can be erased throw electronic rays

Secondary Memory
Secondary memory of computer is a permanent memory and use to store and safe
data permanently.

Use of Secondary Memory


Secondary memory is used as a permanent storage of computer it store data and
information

How Secondary Memory accessed


Secondary memory is a permanent storage memory and it can access by
common bus system in computer

Virtual memory
What is Virtual Memory?
Extending memory is called virtual memory. Virtual memory use RAM It's called
"virtual because it's not RAM.

Working of Virtual Memory


Virtual memory combines your computers RAM with temporary space on your hard
disk.

Virtual Memory and Paging


Virtual memory moves data from RAM to a temporary space in hard disk this
process is called a paging file.

How virtual memory does generates addresses?

A load instruction

A store instruction

Fetching an instruction

Associative Memory
Memory that is addressed by content rather than by address is called associative
memory.

Magnetic disk
Hard disk is an example of magnetic disk it is magnetically recorded and can be
recoded again and again.

Tracks and Spots


The disk surface is divided into tracks (circles within circles).

Sectors
Tracks are further divided into sectors.

Advance Memory and Storage Devices


Magnetic storage devices
Hard disk is a magnetic storage device it is a hard and long life storage device

Optical storage devices


Optical storage devices are uses lasers and lights for reading and writing. Optical
storage devices are CD, DVD, Blu-ray disk.

Flash memory devices


USB is a small portable light weight and cheap flash memory device

Online and cloud


Storing data online is called online and cloud Storage

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