SYSTEM SOFTWARE LAB MANUAL

(LEX PROGRAMS)

1. Program to count the number of vowels and consonants in a given

string.

%{
#include<stdio.h>
int vowels=0;
int cons=0;
%}
%%
[aeiouAEIOU] {vowels++;}
[a-zA-Z] {cons++;}
%%
int yywrap()
{
return 1;
}
main()
{
printf(Enter the string.. at end press ^d\n);
yylex();
printf(No of vowels=%d\nNo of consonants=%d\n,vowels,cons);
}

-1-
2. Program to count the number of characters, words, spaces, end of lines
in a given input file.

%{
#include<stdio.h>
Int c=0, w=0, s=0, l=0;
%}
WORD [^ \t\n,\.:]+
EOL [\n]
BLANK [ ]
%%
{WORD} {w++; c=c+yyleng;}
{BLANK} {s++;}
{EOL} {l++;}
. {c++;}
%%
int yywrap()
{
return 1;
}
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
If(argc!=2)
{
printf(Usage: <./a.out> <sourcefile>\n);
exit(0);
}
yyin=fopen(argv[1],r);
yylex();
printf(No of characters=%d\nNo of words=%d\nNo of
spaces=%d\n No of lines=%d,c,w,s,l);
}

-2-
3. Program to count no of:
a) +ve and ve integers
b) +ve and ve fractions

%{
#include<stdio.h>
int posint=0, negint=0,posfraction=0, negfraction=0;
%}
%%
[-][0-9]+ {negint++;}
[+]?[0-9]+ {posint++;}
[+]?[0-9]*\.[0-9]+ {posfraction++;}
[-][0-9]* \.[0-9]+ {negfraction++;}
%%
int yywrap()
{
return 1;
}

main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
If(argc!=2)
{
printf(Usage: <./a.out> <sourcefile>\n);
exit(0);
}
yyin=fopen(argv[1],r);
yylex();
printf(No of +ve integers=%d\n No of ve integers=%d\n No of
+ve
fractions=%d\n No of ve fractions=%d\n, posint, negint,
posfraction, negfraction);
}

-3-
4. Program to count the no of comment line in a given C program. Also
eliminate them and copy that program into separate file

%{
#include<stdio.h>
int com=0;
%}
%s COMMENT
%%
/*[.]**/ {com++;}
/* {BEGIN COMMENT ;}
<COMMENT>*/ {BEGIN 0; com++ ;}
<COMMENT>\n {com++ ;}
<COMMENT>. {;}
.|\n {fprintf(yyout,%s,yytext);
%%
int yywrap()
{
return 1;
}

main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
If(argc!=2)
{
printf(Usage: <./a.out> <sourcefile> <destn file>\n);
exit(0);
}
yyin=fopen(argv[1],r);
yyout=fopen(argv[2],w);
yylex();
printf(No of comment lines=%d\n,com);
}

-4-
5. Program to count the no of scanf and printf statements in a C
program. Replace them with readf and writef statements respectively.

%{
#include<stdio.h>
int pc=0, sc=0;
%}
%%
printf { fprintf(yyout,writef); pc++;}
scanf { fprintf(yyout,readf); sc++;}
%%
int yywrap()
{
return 1;
}

main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
if(argc!=2)
{
printf(Usage: <./a.out> <sourcefile> <destn file>\n);
exit(0);
}
yyin=fopen(argv[1],r);
yyout=fopen(argv[2],w);
yylex();
printf(No of printf statements = %d\n No of scanf
statements=%d\n, pc, sc);
}

-5-
6. Program to recognize a valid arithmetic expression and identify the
identifiers and operators present. Print them separately.

%{
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int noprt=0, nopnd=0, valid=1, top=-1, m, l=0, j=0;
char opnd[10][10], oprt[10][10], a[100];
%}
%%
( { top++; a[top]=( ; }
{ { top++; a[top]={ ; }
[ { top++; a[top]=[ ; }
) { if(a[top]!=()
{
valid=0; return;
}
else
top--;
}
} { if(a[top]!={)
{
valid=0; return;
}
else
top--;
}
] { if(a[top]!=[)
{
valid=0; return;
}
else
top--;
}
+|-|*|/ { noprt++;
strcpy(oprt[l], yytext);
l++;
}
[0-9]+|[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]* {nopnd++;

-6-
strcpy(opnd[j],yytext);
j++;
}
%%
int yywrap()
{
return 1;
}

main()
{
int k;
printf(Enter the expression.. at end press ^d\n);
yylex();
if(valid==1 && i==-1 && (nopnd-noprt)==1)
{
printf(The expression is valid\n);
printf(The operators are\n);
for(k=0;k<l;k++)
Printf(%s\n,oprt[k]);
for(k=0;k<l;k++)
Printf(%s\n,opnd[k]);
}
else
Printf(The expression is invalid);
}

-7-
7. Program to recognize whether a given sentence is simple or compound.

%{
#include<stdio.h>
Int is_simple=1;
%}
%%
[ \t\n]+[aA][nN][dD][ \t\n]+ {is_simple=0;}
[ \t\n]+[oO][rR][ \t\n]+ {is_simple=0;}
[ \t\n]+[bB][uU][tT][ \t\n]+ {is_simple=0;}
. {;}
%%
int yywrap()
{
return 1;
}

main()
{
int k;
printf(Enter the sentence.. at end press ^d);
yylex();
if(is_simple==1)
{
Printf(The given sentence is simple);
}
else
{
Printf(The given sentence is compound);

-8-
8. Program to recognize and count the number of identifiers in a given
input file.

%{
#include<stdio.h>
int id=0;
%}
%%
[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]* { id++ ; ECHO; printf(\n);}
.+ { ;}
\n { ;}
%%
int yywrap()
{
return 1;
}

main (int argc, char *argv[])

{
if(argc!=2)
{
printf(Usage: <./a.out> <sourcefile>\n);
exit(0);
}
yyin=fopen(argv[1],r);
printf(Valid identifires are\n);
yylex();
printf(No of identifiers = %d\n,id);
}

-9-
YACC PROGRAMS
1. Program to test the validity of a simple expression involving operators
+, -, * and /

Yacc Part

%token NUMBER ID NL
%left + -
%left * /
%%
stmt : exp NL { printf(Valid Expression); exit(0);}
;
exp : exp + exp
| exp - exp
| exp * exp
| exp / exp
| ( exp )
| ID
| NUMBER
;
%%
int yyerror(char *msg)
{
printf(Invalid Expression\n);
exit(0);
}
main ()
{
printf(Enter the expression\n);
yyparse();
}

- 10 -
Lex Part

%{
#include y.tab.h
%}
%%
[0-9]+ { return DIGIT; }
[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]* { return ID; }
\n { return NL ;}
. { return yytext[0]; }
%%

- 11 -
2. Program to recognize nested IF control statements and display the
levels of nesting.

Yacc Part

%token IF RELOP S NUMBER ID

%{
int count=0;
%}
%%
stmt : if_stmt { printf(No of nested if statements=%d\n,count); exit(0);}
;
if_stmt : IF ( cond ) if_stmt {count++;}
| S;
;
cond : x RELOP x
;
x : ID
| NUMBER
;
%%
int yyerror(char *msg)
{
printf(Invalid Expression\n);
exit(0);
}
main ()
{
printf(Enter the statement);
yyparse();
}

- 12 -
Lex Part

%{
#include y.tab.h
%}
%%
if { return IF; }
[sS][0-9]* {return S;}
<|>|==|!=|<=|>= { return RELOP; }
[0-9]+ { return NUMBER; }
[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]* { return ID; }
\n { ; }
. { return yytext[0]; }
%%

- 13 -
3. Program to check the syntax of a simple expression involving operators
+, -, * and /

Yacc Part

%token NUMBER ID NL
%left + -
%left * /
%%
stmt : exp NL { printf(Valid Expression); exit(0);}
;
exp : exp + exp
| exp - exp
| exp * exp
| exp / exp
| ( exp )
| ID
| NUMBER
;
%%
int yyerror(char *msg)
{
printf(Invalid Expression\n);
exit(0);
}
main ()
{
printf(Enter the expression\n);
yyparse();
}

- 14 -
Lex Part

%{
#include y.tab.h
%}
%%
[0-9]+ { return NUMBER; }
[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]* { return ID; }
\n { return NL ;}
. { return yytext[0]; }
%%

- 15 -
4. Program to recognize a valid variable, which starts with a letter,
followed by any number of letters or digits.

Yacc Part

%token DIGIT LETTER NL UND

%%
stmt : variable NL { printf(Valid Identifiers\n); exit(0);}
;

variable : LETTER alphanumeric

;

alphanumeric: LETTER alphanumeric

| DIGIT alphanumeric
| UND alphanumeric
| LETTER
| DIGIT
| UND
;
%%
int yyerror(char *msg)
{
printf(Invalid Expression\n);
exit(0);
}
main ()
{
printf(Enter the variable name\n);
yyparse();
}

- 16 -
Lex Part

%{
#include y.tab.h
%}
%%
[a-zA-Z] { return LETTER ;}
[0-9] { return DIGIT ; }
[\n] { return NL ;}
[_] { return UND; }
. { return yytext[0]; }
%%

- 17 -
5. Program to evaluate an arithmetic expression involving operating +, -,
* and /.

Yacc Part

%token NUMBER ID NL
%left + -
%left * /
%%
stmt : exp NL { printf(Value = %d\n,$1); exit(0);}
;
exp : exp + exp { $$=$1+$3; }
| exp - exp { $$=$1-$3; }
| exp * exp { $$=$1*$3; }
| exp / exp { if($3==0)
{
printf(Cannot divide by 0);
exit(0);
}
else
$$=$1/$3;
}
| ( exp ) { $$=$2; }
| ID { $$=$1; }
| NUMBER { $$=$1; }
;
%%
int yyerror(char *msg)
{
printf(Invalid Expression\n);
exit(0);
}
main ()
{
printf(Enter the expression\n);
yyparse();
}

- 18 -
Lex Part

%{
#include y.tab.h
extern int yylval;
%}
%%
[0-9]+ { yylval=atoi(yytext); return NUMBER; }
\n { return NL ;}
. { return yytext[0]; }
%%

- 19 -
6. Program to recognize strings aaab, abbb, ab and a using grammar
(anbn, n>=0)

Yacc Part

%token A B NL
%%
stmt : s NL { printf(Valid String\n); exit(0) ;}
;
s:AsB
|
;
%%
int yyerror(char *msg)
{
printf(Invalid String\n);
exit(0);
}
main ()
{
printf(Enter the String\n);
yyparse();
}

Lex Part

%{
#include y.tab.h
%}
%%
[aA] { return A; }
[bB] { return B; }
\n { return NL ;}
. { return yytext[0]; }
%%

- 20 -
7. Program to recognize the grammar (anb, n>=10)

%token A B NL
%%
stmt : A A A A A A A A A A s B NL
{
Printf(Valid); exit(0);
}
;
s:sA
|
;
int yyerror(char *msg)
{
printf(Invalid String\n);
exit(0);
}
main ()
{
printf(Enter the String\n);
yyparse();
}

Lex Part

%{
#include y.tab.h
%}
%%
[aA] { return A; }
[bB] { return B; }
\n { return NL ;}
. { return yytext[0]; }
%%

- 21 -
Steps to Execute Lex Program:

lex <pgm name>

cc lex.yy.c ll
./a.out

Steps to execute YACC program:

yacc d <yacc_pgm name>

lex <lex_pgm_name>
cc y.tab.c lex.yy.c ly ll
./a.out

- 22 -