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Process Dynamics and Control 4

This document discusses computerized process control systems. It begins by outlining the basics of computerized control and the essential components. These include sensors, actuators, analog-to-digital converters, and a digital computer. The document then covers the evolution from single loop controllers to multiple loop control and different types of computer control implementations such as direct digital control, supervisory control, distributed control systems, and programmable logic controllers. It concludes by comparing different system configurations and providing examples of integrated control systems.

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Sohail Aziz Ahmad Malik
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95 views41 pages

Process Dynamics and Control 4

This document discusses computerized process control systems. It begins by outlining the basics of computerized control and the essential components. These include sensors, actuators, analog-to-digital converters, and a digital computer. The document then covers the evolution from single loop controllers to multiple loop control and different types of computer control implementations such as direct digital control, supervisory control, distributed control systems, and programmable logic controllers. It concludes by comparing different system configurations and providing examples of integrated control systems.

Uploaded by

Sohail Aziz Ahmad Malik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applied Process Control System

Computer Control
Lecture -4
Systems

Dr. Ing. Naveed Ramzan

PEC UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 1
Sequence of Presentation

Basics of Computerized Control

Essential components of computer control system

Advantages of Computer Control

Types of computer control implementation

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 2
Evolution of Process Control

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 3
Single Loop Control (SLC)

Feedback Control Loop

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 4
Single Loop Control (SLC) (Contd)

Traditional Single Loop Controller

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 5
Single Loop Control (SLC) (Contd)

From Traditional Analog Controller to Computer Control

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 6
Multiple loop Control

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 7
Essential Components of Computer Control

Actuators Process

Sensors
Hold Amplifier
Instrumentation

DA Converter Multiplexer

Amplifier/
Multiplexer
Attenuator

A D Converter
Digital
Computer

Operator
Log
Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 8
Essential Components of Computer Control (Contd)

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 9
Essential Components of Computer Control (Contd)

Types of Signal

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 10
Essential Components of Computer Control (Contd)

Memory
Slow
Fast
ROM

Central
Communication Processing Unit (CPU)
Peripherals Mass Storage
Basic Features
Printers Controllers Disks
Type writers Arithmetic Unit Fixed Head
Video Display unit Logical Unit Moving Head
Graphic Terminals Registers Floppy
Card Reader
X-Y Platters Options Magnetic Tapes
Floating Point Processor
Real time Clock
Power fail-safe auto restart
Watchdog timer

Input-Output
Interface
Components of digital
Digital Analog computer
I/0 I/0
Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 11
Essential Components of Computer Control (Contd)

Plant Inputs : Multiplexing

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 12
Process control computer vs data processing computer

Control System

Figure 1b

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 13
Process control computer vs data processing computer

Monitoring System

Figure 1a

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 14
Advantages of Computer Control

-- all plant data is available at a central point and/or distributed


points around the plant or works

-- alarm conditions are detected and reported quickly

-- plant is run according to the plan set by management, which


may not be the case where there is a lot of manual
intervention

-- displays and printouts of information are available readily

-- changes to the operating conditions or recipes are made in


smooth, repeatable and closely controlled manner

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 15
Advantages of Computer Control

-- written records of all alarms and operator actions are


available for post-incident or routine analysis

-- alarm conditions are detected and reported quickly

-- control room and control panel size is reduced

-- all batches of material are treated identically

-- batch logs are recorded automatically

-- complex start-up and shut-down procedure can be automated

-- safety interlocks can be programmed into the system

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 16
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Direct Digital Control loop

Figure 4

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 17
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Direct Digital Control loop

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 18
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Direct Digital Control loop

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 19
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Digitally Directed Analog Control (DDAC)


- Supervisory computer control

Figure 4

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 20
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Digitally Directed Analog Control (DDAC)


- Supervisory computer control

Figure 4

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 21
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Simplified Diagram of supervisory control

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 22
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Centralized Computer System

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 23
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Supervisory computer control

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 24
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Distributed Control System

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 25
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Distributed Control System

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 26
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Programmable Logic Controller

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 27
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 28
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Programmable Logic Controller

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 29
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Programmable Logic Controller

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 30
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Programmable Logic Controller

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 31
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Programmable Logic Controller

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 32
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Programmable Logic Controller

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 33
Comparing DCS with PLC for ease of configuration

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 34
Open System Configuration

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 35
Emerging (Ideal) Configuration

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 36
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Integrated Computer Control System

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 37
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Integrated Computer Control System for a paper and pulp mill

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 38
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Traditional SCADA

Field Instrumentation
Remote Stations
Communications Network
Central Monitoring Station

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 39
Types of Computer Control Implementation

Water distribution system using SCADA

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 40
Discussion

Dr. Shahid Naveed 28. Mai 2002 / Dr. Ing Naveed Ramzan 41

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