P1 Revision Overview. Conservation and Dissipation of Energy P1 Revision Overview.

Conservation and Dissipation of Energy

Chemical= Energy stored in batteries, fossil fuels. Chemical= Energy stored in batteries, fossil fuels.
Kinetic = Movement, Kinetic = Movement,
Thermal = Heat energy light. Thermal = Heat energy light.

Gravitational potential = energy that is transferred as materials / objects fall. Gravitational potential = energy that is transferred as materials / objects fall.

energy transferre d to appliance energy transferre d to appliance

power = power =
time taken for energy to be transferre d time taken for energy to be transferre d

gravitational potential energy = mass gravity change in height gravitational potential energy = mass gravity change in height
1 1
kinetic energy = 2 mass speed2 or Ke = mv 2
kinetic energy = 2 mass speed2 or Ke = mv2

Ep = mgh Energy = Mass x gravitational potential x height Ep = mgh Energy = Mass x gravitational potential x height

Kinetic energy and Potential energy. Kinetic energy and Potential energy.

Experiments for heat dissipation. Independent variables. Experiments for heat dissipation. Independent variables.
Scale of thermometers. Scale of thermometers.

Efficiency = (useful power out / useful power in) x100% Efficiency = (useful power out / useful power in) x100%

elastic potential energy = 0.5 spring constant (extension)2 elastic potential energy = 0.5 spring constant (extension)2

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred between parts of Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transferred between parts of
a system, or between different systems. Energy can be stored and calculated, so a system, or between different systems. Energy can be stored and calculated, so
using the idea of stores where energy can be found and collected can be a using the idea of stores where energy can be found and collected can be a
useful tool. useful tool.
Review date: Review date: Review date: Review date:

Review date: Review date: Review date: Review date:

Worked example 2 Some people find it useful to compare energy transfers with money. For
Energy concepts allow us to make useful calculations about a system. For example, a girl who goes to a shop with a 10 note to buy a drink that costs 2
example, a climbing centre wants to know at what speed a climber would reach the will expect to go back home with 8.
floor if they fell from a height of 6.5 m, so they can fit the floor with the right amount a Explain how this analogy is similar to a ball dropped by a height of 1 m that
of protective foam. bounces back up to a height of 0.8 m.(3 marks)
It is useful to consider the start and end points in this example. We can define the b A child in yr7 receives 5 pocket money every week from her dad. Another
start point as the 6.5 m height reached by the climber and our end point as the child receives 10 pocket money each week. Explain how this analogy
floor of the gym, when the climber is about to hit the floor, but has not yet made could be used to explain the concept of power.
contact with it. (5 marks)

The gravitational potential energy store of the climber will have filled to an amount
we can calculate using the equation
Ep = mgh (where g = 9.8 m/s2). Power = Energy /time
When the climber has reached the floor, the gravitational potential store has Efficiency = (useful power out / useful power in) x100%
emptied and their kinetic energy store has filled by the same amount of energy that
was stored in our start point (this is if we ignore heating effects of air resistance).
3 A filament light bulb has an input power of 60W. Its useful output power
We can calculate the energy in the kinetic store with the equation is 2W.
Ek = 0.5mv 2 and, because Ep = Ek in our example, then:
mgh = 0.5mv2 i) Calculate the bulbs wasted power. (1 mark)
We can divide both sides by m to get: ii) Calculate how much energy is wasted if the bulb is on for one
minute.
gh gh 10 x 6.5 (3 marks)
gh = 0.5v2 v2 v= = = 11.4 m/s
0.5 0.5 0.5 iii) Calculate the bulbs efficiency. (1 mark)

Task
4) An energy-saving fluorescent light bulb of the same brightness has an
A student pushes a sprung biro on the table vertically and then lets go. As a result, input power of 15W.
the pen jumps vertically and reaches its highest point before falling down again on
the table. i) In terms of the bulbs efficiency, explain how this bulb can be as
Describe how energy is transferred when the pen has reached its highest point in bright as the filament bulb whilst having a much lower input
the jump using the idea of energy stores. power. (1 mark)

Questions 5) The power wasted by the energy-saving bulb is 13.5W. Calculate its
1 Consider the sprung pen in the task and answer the questions. efficiency. (2 marks)
a Use the equation elastic potential energy = 0.5 spring constant 6) A particular model of electric kettle has an efficiency of 90%.
(extension)2 to calculate the maximum height the pen can reach, if the
i) Suggest how energy can be wasted in an electric kettle. (1
spring constant k = 209 N/m, the spring of the pen is compressed by e =
0.030 m, the mass of the pen m = 0.032 kg and g = 10 m/s. (5 marks) mark)
ii) The kettles input power is 2kW. Calculate its useful output
b Explain using the idea of energy stores why the pen is unlikely to reach the power. (3 marks)
height calculated in question 1 a. (3 marks)
7) Suggest, using two appliances as examples, why the input power to
some appliances is not always constant, and can sometimes be
less than the power written on the appliances tag. (4 marks)
8) Explain, in terms of energy and power, how buying appliances with
higher efficiency can reduce a households electricity bill.
9) A tramoline has 32 equal springs attached to the sides. The springs are
stretched when someone bounces on it.

i) Calculate the total energy stored in the elastic potential stores

of the 32 springs. (Spring constant is 500 N/m.
ii) Using E = ke2
iii) Explain why the springs should not exceed their elastic limit
when being used.
iv) Why are sprigs tested beyond their normal load.