Republic of the Philippines

MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

LABORATORY MANUAL

IN

BASIC PNEUMATICS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title
Page

I. Laboratory Safety Precautions

3

II. Symbols for Components 7

III. Installation and Settings 14

1. General Information

2. Initial Setting Procedure

IV. Laboratory Activities

Activity # 1 Control of Single-acting Cylinder 17

Activity # 2 Control of Double-acting Cylinder 20

Activity # 3 Flow Control 23

Activity # 4 Control of Single-acting Cylinder with Logic Valve 27

Activity # 5 Automatic Control of Double-acting Cylinder 32

Activity # 6 Time Delay 40

Activity # 7 Sequence Control 44

V. Reference 48

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

LABORATORY SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

I. OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson the students should be able to:

1. learn simple rules of safety program.
2. value the importance of laboratory safety precautions.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION

An important consideration in installing, programming, operating, and maintaining

systems is afety. Safety may be defined as a judgement of the acceptability of danger, where danger is
the combination of hazard and risk. Hazard is defined as injury producer, and risk is defined as the
probability that an injury will occur. The causes of employee injury include the following:
a. parts of the body being caught
b. being struck by a part
c. falling from equipment
d. slipping or tripping on working surfaces
e. exposure to dangerous levels of heat and electricity
f. excessive physucal strain

III. PROCEDURE

Safety is simply a matter of applying common sense precautions. The rules of safety are
concerned with the prevention of accidental injury. Firts aid involves the treatment of injuries sustained
when an accident occurs.

The general rules of shop safety apply equally the electrical-electronics laboratory.The
following shop safety rules should be observed at all times:

1. Don’t clown around or engage in horseplay. Many painful injuries are caused by the
careless and thoughtless antics of the “clown”.

2. Get your teacher’s approval before starting your work. This will save you time and
help prevent accidents. Remember, your teacher is here to help.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

3. Report all injuries at once, even the slightest. A small cut can develop series
complications if not properly treated.

4. Wear safety glasses. When grinding or working in areas where sparks or chips of
metal are fying. Your eyes are priceless possession.

5. Keep the floors around your work area clean and free of litter, which might cause
someone to slip or stumble.

6. Use tools correctly and do not use them if they are not in proper working conditions.

7. Observe the proper methods of handling and lifting objects. Get help to lift heavy
objects.

8. Do not talk to or distract a fellow students when he is operating a machine.

9. Never leave a machine while it is running or running down. Stay with it until it stops
completely.
10. Obtain permission before you use power tools.

11. Probably the best advice anyone can follow when working with electricity is:

THINK-PLAN AHEAD!

The follwing are special safety rules for the electrical-electronics laboratory:

1. Although the normal healthy person will encounter no dangerous voltage while
performing the Laboratory Activity, circumtances occur under which a surprisingly
electric shock may be experienced.Surprising shocks, while not particularly dangerous
in themselves, may cause secondary injury through violent mascular contraction that
can hurl a person against the wall or workbench or possibly another more dangerous
source of current.

2. Practice a precaution used by experienced engineers and technicians. Always keep one
hand in your pocket (or behind you) when measuring current and voltage.If two
hands are in contact with the circuit, the current flows across the chest and heart regions
which is very dangerous.

3. If in doubt, with regards to the wiring of the circuit, ask the teacher to check it out
before you apply power.Electricity has no respect for ignorance.
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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

4. Make it a habit to short outb electrolytic or other large value capacitors with an
insulated screwdriver before attempting to work on circuit.Capacitors can hold a
charge for a long time after the power is removed.
5. Know the location of fire extinguishers.

6. Certain components, such as resistors and vacuum tubes get quite hot while operating.
Give them time to cool off before attempting to remove them.

7. Do not work around electrical equipment if floors are damp or wet.

8. Do not work on electrical circuit while the power is on.

9. Be sure that equipment is in proper working order before use.Frayed [ower cords and
cracked or chipped plugs are major source of accidents.

10. Ask for instruction before using any item of test equipment for the first time, even if
you think you know how to use it. A little knowledge can be dangerous thing; and if
some can go wrong, it will. Test equipment is often expensive to repair.

11. Electricity-electronics is a tremendous field and most of us do well to understand small

segments of it. Ask question when in doubt. Be humble!

NOTES ON SAFETY AND OPERATIONS

In the interest of your own safety you should observed the following:

1. Pressurized air lines that become detached can cause accidents. Switch off pressure
immediately.

2. First connect all tubing and secure before switching on the compressed air.

WARNING!

Cylinder may advance or retract as soon as the compressed air is switched on.

1. Do not operate a roller lever valve manually during fault finding (use a tool).

2. Observe general safety regulations.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

3. Limit switch should be fixed so that they contact only the side of the trip cam ( and not
the front)

4. Do not exceed with the permissible working pressure.

5. Pneumatic Circuit Construction

5.1 Use the silver-metallic plastic tubing of 4mm external diameter to connect the
components.

5.2 The plastic tube is to be inserted fully into the CU-connector up to the stop; no
tightening is necessary.

6. Releasing the CU quick push-pull connector

6.1 The tube can be released by depressing the collets ( black or blue ring)(releasing
whilst pressurized is not possible)

7. Switch off the air supply before disconnecting the circuit. Stopwatch is required in order
to evaluate the assembled circuits:

7.1 To adjust one- way flow control valves in order that the preset stroke time of a
cylinder is reached;

7.2 To set time delay valve; and

7.3 To be able to draw displacement-time diagrams for the assembled circuits.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

SYMBOLS FOR COMPONENTS

I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the activity the students shulb be able to:

1. identify the commonly used pneumatic symbols for components.

2. appreciate the importance of pneumatic symbols for compenents.

3. draw and familiarized with the standard pneumatic symbols for components.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

The symbols on a control circuit diagram only show the function of the valve, not the design,
principle and structures

The name of the valve indicates the number ports and control position,i.e. 3/2-way is called a
3 ports 2 way switching valve that has 3 ports and 2 control positions.

The table below shows the discriptions on the symbols of the directional control valve.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Drawing Instrument
Pneumatic Symbols

IV. PROCEDURES:

Draw the appropriate pneumatic symbols for each components and attached photo.

DESCRIPTION COMPONENT COMPONENT PHOTO

ILLUSTRATION
3/2-way valve with push button
normally closed

3/2-way valve with push button

normally open

5/2-way valve with

selector switch

Pressure
Gauge

3/2-way roller lever valve

normally closed

3/2-way roller lever valve with

idle return
normally closed

5/2-way pilot valve

5/2-way double pilot valve

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Shuttle valve

Dual-pressure valve

Quick exhaust valve

One-way flow control valve

Pressure sequence valve

Single-acting cylinder

Double-acting cylinder

Service unit with on and off

valve

Pressure regulator with

pressure gauge

Manifold

Time delay valve

Normally closed

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

IV. EVALUATION:

V. CONCLUSION:

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

INSTALLATION AND SETTING

I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the laboratory activity, the students should be able to:

1. identify the different pneumatic components.

2. familiarize themselves with the proper installation and initial setting procedures of
pneumatic components.

3. observe safety precaution in the installation and initial setting procedures.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

Installation and setting of pneumatic components needs variable working table where the
profile working panel will be placed.It is easy to change its construction since it is composed
of aluminum profiles and easy set up the system according to circumtances.The size of table is
1600 x 750 x 1700 mm. , it contains 8 drawers, 4 castors with breaks so that it is easy to move
and install and electric mounting bar for other purpose. The profile working panel is made up
of alloy with space groove of 25mm. for possible attachment of various parts ont any place of
it, its size is 1500 x 750 mm.

NOTE:
Pneumatic variable working table should be installed on the flat ground/ surface and
lock the breaks on each castor.

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Pneumatic variable working table

Profile working panel
Pneumatic components
* Air service unit
* Air distributor

IV. PROCEDURES:

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

1. Prepare pneumatic components,working table and profile working panel.

2. Initial Setting Procedures

2.1 Pneumatic Power connection
2.1.1 Attach the air service unit and air distributor on the left corner of profile
panel.

2.1.2 Connect the air service unit and air distributor with pneumatic hose (6mm)

2.1.3 Connect the pneumatic supply line to input the air service unit (6mm).

2.2 Adjusting the Pressure

2.2.1 Pull up the cover of air service unit and turn to counter clock wise (ccw)
direction to increase the pressure.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

2.2.2 Turn to clock wise ( cw) direction to decrease pressure.

2.2.3 Normally set the pressure to 6 bar (0.6 Mpa).

IV. EVALUATION:

Actual and individual performance in the installation and initial setting of Pneumatic
Components.

V. CONCLUSION:

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Laboratory Activity # 1
Control of Single-acting Cylinder

I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the laboratory activity the students should be able to:

1. understand the structure and function of a single-acting cylinder.

2. install and commission pneumatic components.
3. observe safety habits while performing the tasks.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

A single-acting cylinder uses the compressed air to generate one-way motion, and uses
a built-in spring is not strong enough to load during the return motion, but only enough to
return a cylinder. As the spring force is equivalent to only 0.3-0.5 kgf/cm2 in the pressure of
the compressed air during the return motion, a cylinder is unable to be returned if the load is
acted on the cylinder.

A single-acting cylinder requires a simpler piping between the cylinder and

valve, it is mainly used for clamping, ejecting, pressing, and lifting which do not
require a strong force to return.

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Single –acting Cylinder

3/2- way push button valve (NC)
3/2-way valve,Air act spring return (NC)
Profile working panel
Variable working table
Air compressor

IV. Problem:

Install and commission pneumatic components according to circuit diagram

using single-acting cylinder.

1. Direct acting
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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

2. Indirect acting

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

V.PROCEDURES:

1. Understand the structure of each component.

2. Prepare the required parts according to the above list.
3. Set up the system according to pneumatic circuit diagram.
4. Check the connection part and any leakage of air.
5. Turn on the hand lever valve of air service unit.
6. Push the button of the valve to move the cylinder.
7. Compare the difference between direct acting and indirect acting method.
8. Turn off the hand lever valve of air service unit after practice.
9. Dismantle and arrange the components.

VI. EVALUATION:

Differentiate direct acting and indirect acting method using single-acting

cylinder.

VII. CONCLUSION:

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Laboratory Activity # 2

Control of Double-acting Cylinder

I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the activity the students should be able to:

1. understand the structure and function of double-acting cylinder.

2. install and commission pneumatic components.

3. observe safety working practices in the working area.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

A double-acting cylinder uses the compressed air to generate both forward and
backward motions, it has no limit in stroke which is generally set within 2000 mm. considering
the buckling and bending of a piston rod. The inside diameter of double-acting cylinder ranges
from 4 mm. to 320 mm.

The cylinder barrel has currently been made of aluminum cylinder with in 100 mm. in
diameter have accurately made to be used without lubrication. A double-acting cylinder that
uses the compressed air to generate both forward and backward motions can be applied to a
variety of conditions where the speed changes depending on the load because of the nature of
pneumatic cylinder. It is mainly used for object handling, including transportation reversal,
clamping, and ejecting.

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Pneumatic variable working table

Profile working panel

Air compressor

Air service unit

Air distributor

Double –acting cylinder

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

5/2-way select switch valve

3/2-way push button valve (NC)

5/2-way valve Air act air return

IV. PROBLEM:

Install and commission pneumatic components according to pneumatic circuit diagram using
double –acting cylinder.

Pneumatic Circuit Diagram

V. PROCEDURE:

1. Understand the structure and function of pneumatic components.

2. Prepare the required parts according to the above lists.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

3. Set up system according to the circuit diagram.

4. Check the connection parts and any leakage of air.

5. Turn on the hand lever valve of air service unit.

6. Toggle the select switch of the valve to move the cylinder.

7. Compare the difference of direct-acting and indirect-acting method.

8. Turn off the hand lever valve of air service unit after practice.

9. Dismantle and arrange the components.

VI. EVALUATION:

Differentiate direct-acting method from indirect – acting method using double-acting

cyclinder.

VII. CONCLUSION:

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Laboratory Activity # 3

Flow Control

I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the laboratory activity the students should be able to:

1. understand the structurea nd function of flow control valve.

2. differentiate meter-in and meter-out control method.

3. install and commission pneumatic components.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

The flow control valve controls the flow rate of fluid to adjust the actuator
speed. The pneumatic valves that affects the actuator speed includetwo-way flow
control valves, one-way control valves,and quick exhaust valves. The two-way contol
valves is scientifically called as a flow valve, one- way control valves and a quick
exhaust valves are categorized into non-return valves.

The two-way flow control valve controls the amount of air flowing to two
directions, the valves affects both forward and backward speed of the cylinder, if the
valve is installed between cylinder and a directional control valve. The one-way flow
control valve is a valve that combines two-way flow control valve with a check
valve.The check valve only allows one- way air flow to control the flow rate of one
direction. The flow rateadjustable only when the air flows to the direction where the
check valve is closed, whereas the flow rate is unable to be adjusted when the air flows
to the direction where the check valve is opened, because the cross sectional area of a
check valve is designed to be greater than that of a flow control valve to allow the air
flowing through the chek valve

The valve is mainly used to control the speed of a pneumatic actuator, and called
as speed control valve. There are two control mechanism of the valve: the meter-in
speed control that controls the air supplied to the cylinder, and a meter-out speed
control that controls the air exhausted from the cylinder.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

The meter-in speed control mechanism is not functioning if the force with the
same direction of the cylinder motion is applied. The mechanism is rarely used in the
pneumatic device due to a greater range of fluctuation in speed for the change of load.
The meter-out speed control mechanism maintains the pressure on both the piston side
and the piston rod side while cylinder is in motion to remarkably control mechanism.
It is mostly used in the pneumatic devices.

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Pneumatic variable working table

Profile working panel

Air compressor

Air service unit

Air distributor

Double- acting cylinder

5/2-way select switch

One-way flow control valve

IV. Problem :

Install and commission pneumatic components according to pneumatic circuit

diagram using one-way flow control valve.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Pneumatic Circuit Diagram

V. PROCEDURES:

1. Understand the structure of each pneumatic components.

2. Prepared the rquired parts according to the above lists.

3. Set up system according to the pneumatic circuit diagram.

4. Check the connection parts and any leakage of air.

5. Turn- on the hand lever valve of air service unit.

6. Push the button of the valve to move the cylinder and adjust the speed of the
cylinder with one-way flow control valve.

7. Compare the difference of the meter-in and meter-out method.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

8. Turn-off the hand lever valve of air service unit after practice.

9. Dismantle and arrange the components.

VI. EVALUATION:

VII. CONCLUSION:

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Laboratory Activity # 4

Control of a Single –acting Cylinder with Logic Valve

I. OBJECTIVES:

At he end of the laboratory activity the students should be able to:

1. understand the structure and functions of a logic valve.

2. install and commission pneumatic components.

3. observe safety precaution in performing the tasks.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION

A. High Pressure Shuttle Valve (OR valve)

A high pressure shuttle valve has two inlets X and Y, and one outlet A. The valve is
known as an OR valve because the output signal is obtainable from A, if the compressed air is
applied to either X and Y. The compressed air signal that applied to X allows the ball blocking
the opposite inlet Y, and the air flowing through A. The output signal is also obtainable from
A, if the compressed air signal is only applied to Y.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

B. Low pressure Shuttle Valve (AND Valve)

If the compressed air is applied to one of two inlets, no output signal available from A
because the compressed air pushes a slide to seal the air path. The compressed air shall be
applied to both X and Y to obtain an output signal from A.

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Pneumatic Variable working table

Profile working table

Air compressor

Air service unit

Air distributor

Single-acting cylinder

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

3/2-way push button valve (NC)

AND valve

OR valve

IV. PROBLEM:

Install and commission pneumatic components according to pneumatic circuit diagram using
AND valve and OR valve.

Pneumatic Circuit Diagram

OR Valve

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

V. PROCEDURES:

1. Understand the structures and function of each component.

2. Prepared the required parts according to the above lists.

3. Set up system according to pneumatic circuit diagram.

4. Check connection part and any leakage of air.valve

5. Turn-on the hand lever of air service unit.

6. Push the button of the valve to move the cylinder.

7. Compare the difference of each logic valve.

8. Turn-off the hand lever valve of air service unit after practice.
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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

9. Dismantle and arrange the components.

VI. EVALUATION:

VII. CONCLUSION:

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Laboratory Activity # 5

Automatic Control of Double –acting Cylinder

I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the laboratory activity the students should be able to:

1. control the valves to advance and retract the cylinder.

2. install and commission pneumatic components.

3. observe safety working practices in performing laboratory activity.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

Control system is an automatic action or control of a process,devices or system.

The basic elements of control system are input, output and processing element and
three types of drive and control media such as pneumatic, electrical, electronics and
hydraulic.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

BASIC ELEMENTS OF CONTROL SYSTEM

ACTUATOR
Cylinder

SENSOR
Push-button

PROCESSOR
Directional
Control Valve

Practical Signal-Flow Pneumatic Setup

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Pneumatic /
Drive ENERGY Mechanical
Element CONVERSION

Energy Transfer
Actuator
Output
Controlling
Pneumatic
Element ENERGY
CONTROL
Signal
Input

Signaling Energy Transfer

Element
Mechanical /
ENERGY
Pneumatic
CONVERSION

CONTROL ENERGY WORKING ENERGY

( Pneumatic or Electrical
Energy- ) Flow( Electrical
Diagram )

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

DRIVE ELEMENT
Cylinder

CONTROL
ELEMENT
SIGNALING
Directional
ELEMENT
Control Valve
Push-button

Pressure
Line
Pilot Line

Air
Compressor
Electric
Motor

Practical Energy-Flow Pneumatic Setup

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Why Need Control System?

Automatic Control System are applied in many factories to:

 Increase productivity

 Maintain consistent product quality

 Replace work which cannot be done manually

Control System are found in all sectors of Industry:

 Quality Control

 Motion Control

 Temperature Control

 Water Level Control

Types of Drive and Control System

Four Most Common Type of energy media used in control system:

 Mechanical

 Electrical/ Electronics

 Hydraulic

 Pneumatic

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

III. MATERIALS NEEDED:

Pneumatic Variable working Table

Profile working panel

Air compressor

Air service Unit

Air distributor

Double-acting cylinder

3/2-way push button valve (NC)

5/2- way valve Air act air return

3/2 – way limit switch

IV. PROBLEM:

Install and commission pneumatic components according to pneumatic circuit diagram

of automatic control of double-acting cylinder.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

V. PROCEDURES:

1. Understand the structure and function of each components.

2. Prepared required parts.

3. Set up system according to the circuit diagram.

4. Check the connection part and any leakage of air.

5. Turn-on hand lever valve of air service unit.

6. Push the button of the valve to move the cylinder.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

7. Turn-off the hand lever valve of air service unit after practice.

8. Dismantle the pneumatic components after practice.

VI. EVALUATION:

VII. CONCLUSION:

38
Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Laboratory Activity # 6

Time Delay Valves

I.OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the laboratory activity the students should be able to:

1. understand the structures and function of a time delay valve.

2. learn the characteristics of time delay circuit.

3. observe health and safety habits.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

Time Delay Valve

The time delay valve is operated in a certain period of time after the control signal has been
applied to control the valve. It is consists of one-way flow control valve, a tank and compressed air operated
3/2 –way valve. There are two time delay valves depending on the type of the combined 3/2-way valve:
thenormally closed time delay valve and the normally open time delay valve.

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Normally Closed Time Delay valve

The valve normally closes P to block the air flow. The compressed air control signal applied to Z
enter into the tank at the pressure controlled by one-way control valve. If the pressure in the tank reaches
the pressure high enough to operate the valve, the 3/2-way valve is operated to allow the air flowing from
P to A. The output signal from A is delayed in a certain period of time after the control signal has been
applied to Z. The delay time is generally with in 30 seconds that is adjustable by controlling the flow rate

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

of one-way control valve.The control signal applied to Z quickly exhausts the air in the tank through a
check valve of the one-way control valve to immediately place the time delay valve to the normal position.

The normally open time delay valve is operated on the same principle of operating a Nornally
Closed type time delay valve, the only difference is that a Normally Open type time delay valve uses
Normally Open type 3/2 –way valve.

III.MATERIALS NEEDED:

Pneumatic Variable Working Table

Profile working Panel

Air service unit

Air distributor

Air compressor

Double-acting Cylinder

3/2-way push button

5/2-way valve Air act air return

3/2-way limit switch

Time delay valve

IV.PROBLEM:

Install and commission pneumatic components according to the pneumatic circuit diagram using
time delay valve.

Pneumatic Circuit Diagram

41
Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

V.PROCEDURES:

1. Understand the structures and function of each components.

2. Prepare the required parts according to the lists.

3. Set up system according to pneumatic circuit diagram.

4. Check the connection part and any leakage of air.

5. Turn - on the hand lever valve of air service unit.

6. Push the button of the valve to move the cylinder.

7. Turn – off the hand lever valve of air service unit after the practice.

8. Dismantle and arrange the components.

VI. EVALUATION:

VII.CONCLUSION:

42
Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Laboratory Activity # 7

Sequence Control

I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the laboratory activity the students should be able to:

1. Understand the structures and functions of 3/2-way directional limit switch valve.

2. Learn about the sequence control circuit.

3. Familiarize with the installation and commissioning of pneumatic components.

II. TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

The sequence control is most frequently used for factory automation to perform the

operation in sequence control signals. There are two types of sequence control: (1) a time control

system in which the next operation is sequentially performed in a certain period of time after the

control signal has been output; (2) a position control system in which the operation per formed by

control signal that is output only after alimit switch or a sensor has verified the previous operation

The position control system is much used than the time control system taht is simple, but offers a

lack of reliability.

The mixed control signals for an actuator causes the problem in a sequence control. If the

control signal for the cylinder in forward and backward motion are available at the same time,

one of the control is ignored. There are some solution to avoid signal overlap or interference in

the sequence control circuit.

The signal overlap is generally caused by the input control signals that lasts too long.
43
Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Such problem can be resolved by changing the control signal into a pulse that only lasts for few

moment, If the input control signal last too long the control signal may be overlapped. It can be

resolved by changing the control signal into a pulse that lasts only for a brief time. The pulse

signal is obtainable by Normally Open (NO) type pneumatic timer, a directional roller- lever

limit switch and the control circuit.

III.MATERIALS NEEDED:

Pneumatic Variable working Table

Profile Working Panel

Air Compressor

Air Service Unit

Air Distributor

2 pcs.–Double acting cylinder

3/2-way push button valve (NC)

2pcs.- 5/2-way valve air act air return

2pcs.- 3/2-way limit switch valve

2pcs.- 3/2-way directional limit switch valve

IV.PROBLEM:

Install and commission the pneumatic components in the above lists according to the

Pneumatic Circuit Diagram below.

44
Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

Pneumatic Circuit Diagram

Sequence Control of Multiple Cylinder Using Cascade Valve

V.PROCEDURES:
45
Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

1. Understand the structuresand function of each components.

2. Prepare the required parts according to the above lists.

3. Set up system according to the pneumatic circuit diagram.

4. Check the connection parts and any leakage of air.

5. Turn on the hand lever valve of air service unit.

6. Push the button of the valve to move the cylinder.

7. Turn- off hand lever valve of air service unit after practice.

8. Dismantle and arrange the components.

VI.EVALUATION:

VII.CONCLUSION:

46
Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

REFERENCE:

FESTO Didactic 2008

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

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Republic of the Philippines
MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Batac, 2906, Ilocos Norte, Philippines

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