9/30/2018 Link 16 - Wikipedia

Link 16
Link 16 is a military tactical data exchange network used by NATO and nations allowed by the MIDS International Program Office (IPO). Its specification is part of the family of Tactical Data Links.

With Link 16, military aircraft as well as ships and ground forces may exchange their tactical picture in near-real time. Link 16 also supports the exchange of text messages, imagery data and provides two channels of digital voice (2.4 kbit/s
and/or 16 kbit/s in any combination). Link 16 is defined as one of the digital services of the JTIDS / MIDS in NATO's Standardization Agreement STANAG 5516. MIL-STD-6016 is the related United States Department of Defense Link 16
MIL-STD.

Contents
Technical characteristics
Platforms
Aircraft
Ships
Ground vehicles
Missile defense systems
Networked Weapons
Command and Control
Development
See also
References
Notes
General references

Technical characteristics
Link 16 is a TDMA-based secure, jam-resistant, high-speed digital data link which operates in the radio frequency band 960–1,215 MHz, allocated in line with the ITU Radio Regulations to the aeronautical radionavigation service and to the
radionavigation satellite service. This frequency range limits the exchange of information to users within line-of-sight of one another, although with satellite capabilities and adhoc protocols, it is nowadays possible to pass Link 16 data over
long-haul protocols such as TCP/IP using MIL-STD 3011 (JREAP) or STANAG 5602 (SIMPLE). It uses the transmission characteristics and protocols, conventions, and fixed-length or variable length message formats defined by MIL-STD
6016 and STANAG 5516 (formerly the JTIDS technical interface design plan). Information is typically passed at one of three data rates: 31.6, 57.6, or 115.2 kilobits per second, although the radios and waveform FHSS itself can support
throughput values well over 1 Mbit/s.[1]

Link 16 information is primarily coded in J.-series messages which are binary data words with well-defined meanings. These data words are grouped in functional areas, and allocated to network participation groups (NPG) (virtual
networks), most importantly:

PPLI, or Precise Participant Location and Identification (network participation groups 5 and 6),
Surveillance (network participation group 7),
Command (Mission Management/Weapons Coordination) (network participation group 8),
(Aircraft) Control (network participation group 9),
Electronic Warfare & Coordination (network participation group 10).

Platforms
Some examples of platforms currently using the Link 16 capability are:

Aircraft
AH-64E Guardian
P-3C Orion
P-8A Poseidon
B-1B Lancer
Australia C-130J
Australia E-7a Wedgetail
F-15 Eagle
F-16 Fighting Falcon
F/A-18 Hornet
F/A-18 Super Hornet
F-35 Lightning II
Eurofighter Typhoon
Dassault Rafale
Dassault Mirage 2000D
Dassault Mirage 2000
Saab JAS 39 Gripen
Panavia Tornado
E-2C Hawkeye
E-3 Sentry
MH-60S/R NavalHawk family helicopters
E-8 Joint STARS
EA-6B Prowler
EA-18G Growler
EP-3E
Boeing RC-135 Rivet Joint
Saab 340 AEW&C
ATR 72MP
Greek Embraer R-99, Airborne Early Warning & Control aircraft
Sea King Mk 7 ASaC

Ships
U.S. carrier battle groups
French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle (R91)
Italian aircraft carrier Cavour (550) and Giuseppe Garibaldi (551)
Royal Navy Ships, Canadian, Australian, French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Norwegian, Netherlands and German frigates
Swedish Visby-class corvette
Finnish Hämeenmaa-class minelayer
Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force Akizuki-class
MILGEM project class[2]

Ground vehicles
VESTA (Verifiëren, Evalueren, Simuleren, Trainen en Analyseren); a minivan with radiotower used for training purposes[3]

Missile defense systems

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9/30/2018 Link 16 - Wikipedia
JTAGS
NASAMS
Joint Land Attack/Cruise Missile Defense Elevated Netted Sensors (JLENS)

Networked Weapons
SDB II
JSOW-C1

Command and Control

The USAF will add Link 16 to its B-1 and B-52 bombers with the Common Link Integration Processing system.[5] A key exception is the F-22 Raptor which can only receive but not transmit Link-16 data.[6] According to the Air Force,
transmitting data would reveal its location.[7]

Development
Link 16 is intended to advance Tactical Data Links (TDLs) as the NATO standard for data link information exchange. Link 16 equipment is located in ground, airborne, and sea-based air defense platforms and selected fighter aircraft. The U.S.
industry is now developing a new Link 16 SCA compliant radio MIDS-JTRS which currently is projected to implement nine various tactical waveforms, including Link 16.

The MIDS program, which manage the development of the communication component for Link 16, is managed by the International Program Office located in San Diego, California. In the United States, the lead Air Force command for the
MIL-STD-6016 standard, plans, and requirements is the Air Force Global Cyberspace Integration Center at Langley AFB, with JTIDS program execution managed by the 653d Electronic Systems Wing at Hanscom AFB near Boston,
Massachusetts. The MIL-STD-6016 Standard configuration management custodian is the Defense Information Systems Agency.

See also
Tactical Data Link The family of tactical data links
Network simulator for simulation of military radios and tactical data links
Air Force Command and Control Integration Center lead Air Force command for MIL-STD-6016 standard and plans/programs
653d Electronic Systems Wing JTIDS program execution
JREAP Joint Range Extension Applications Protocol
STANAG 5602 The Standard Interface for Military Platform Link Evaluation (SIMPLE)

References

Notes
1. "MIDS-LVT Link 16 Tactical Airborne Terminal" (https://www.wikizero.pro/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudmlhc 5. Northrop Grumman Awarded Air Force Contract to Integrate CLIP on B-1B and B-52 Aircraft (https://www.wikizer
2F0LmNvbS9wcm9kdWN0cy9saW5rLTE2LW1pZHMtbHZ0MQ). www.viasat.com. o.pro/index.php?q=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5nbG9iYWxzZWN1cml0eS5vcmcvbWlsaXRhcnkvbGlicmFyeS9uZXdzLzIw
2. "Archived copy" (https://www.wikizero.pro/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly93ZWIuYXJjaGl2ZS5vcmcvd2ViLzIwMTYw MTAvMTAvbWlsLTEwMTAyMS1ub3J0aHJvcC1ncnVtbWFuMDEuaHRt) Northrop Grumman press release, 21
MzA0MDgxODI0L2h0dHA6Ly93d3cubWlsc29mdC5jb20udHIvbWlsZ2VtX2Nhdmxpcy5waHA). Archived from the October 2010
original (https://www.wikizero.pro/index.php?q=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5taWxzb2Z0LmNvbS50ci9taWxnZW1fY2F2bGlz 6. Seligman, Lara (May 23, 2017). "Inside The Cockpit: Flying The F-22 Against Islamic State In Syria" (https://www.
LnBocA) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-01-15. wikizero.pro/index.php?q=aHR0cDovL2F2aWF0aW9ud2Vlay5jb20vZGVmZW5zZS9pbnNpZGUtY29ja3BpdC1mb
3. "Vesta" (https://www.wikizero.pro/index.php?q=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5kZWZlbnNpZS5ubC9hY3R1ZWVsL25pZXV3cy HlpbmctZi0yMi1hZ2FpbnN0LWlzbGFtaWMtc3RhdGUtc3lyaWE_Tkw9QVctMDUmSXNzdWU9QVctMDVfMjAxNzA
8yMDExLzA1LzEzLzQ2MTgyNDkwL0xpbmtfMTZfdGVzdHdhZ2VuX3NjaGVlbHRfdmxpZWd1cmVuX2VuX3ZhYXJ 1MzBfQVctMDVfODQ2JnNmdmM0ZW5ld3M9NDImY2w9YXJ0aWNsZV8xJmVscTI9NDc0YzEyZjFiM2E4NGQ1Yj
kYWdlbg), Link 16 testwagen scheelt vlieguren en vaardagen (in Dutch), NL: Defensie, 2011-05-13. kwNGQ4NTEyZTU0N2I0YTc). Aviation Week. Retrieved May 30, 2017. "At the same time, the company is
working on enabling the Raptor to transmit Link 16 signals—currently the aircraft can only receive Link 16—and
4. bại não (https://www.wikizero.pro/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHJ1bmd0YW1waHVjaG9pY2h1Y25hbmcuY
fielding Increment 3.2B, a new software load that will allow the F-22 to take full advantage of the AIM-9X and AIM-
29tL2JhaS1uYW8vdHJlLWJhaS1uYW8tdmEtcGh1b25nLXBoYXAtZGlldS10cmktdG90LW5oYXQtdHUtY2h1eWVu
120D Amraam missiles."
LWdpYS5odG1s) Lockheed martin press release July 14th, 2011 defense systems, 15 July 2011
7. "F22 Raptor absent from Libya ops" (https://www.wikizero.pro/index.php?q=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5haXJmb3JjZXRpb
WVzLmNvbS9uZXdzLzIwMTEvMDMvZGVmZW5zZS1mMjItcmFwdG9yLWFic2VudC1mcm9tLWxpYnlhLW9wcy0w
MzIyMTEv), Air force times, Mar 2011.

General references
TADIL J guide (https://www.wikizero.pro/index.php?q=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5nbG9iYWxzZWN1cml0eS5vcmcvbWlsa 653rd Electronic Systems Wing Homepage (https://www.wikizero.pro/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly93ZWIuYXJjaGl2
XRhcnkvbGlicmFyeS9wb2xpY3kvYXJteS9mbS82LTI0LTgvdGFkaWxqLnBkZg) ZS5vcmcvd2ViLzIwMDcwMjA4MDYxNjQ3L2h0dHA6Ly93d3cuaGFuc2NvbS5hZi5taWwvbGlicmFyeS9mYWN0c2
USAF GCIC Homepage (https://www.wikizero.pro/index.php?q=aHR0cHM6Ly93ZWIuYXJjaGl2ZS5vcmcvd2ViLzI hlZXRzL2ZhY3RzaGVldC5hc3A_aWQ9NTUwNg)
wMDkwNjEyMDA1NjUxL2h0dHA6Ly93d3cuZ2NpYy5hZi5taWwv)

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