Review sheet Final Exam

Math 140 Calculus I

Fall 2018
UMass Boston

The exam is closed textbook. No calculators or electronic devices are allowed during the exam.

1. Compute the limit or show it does not exist.

x2 − 2x − 3 2e−x + 3ex
(a) lim . (e) lim
x→3 x2 + x − 12 x→∞ 9e−x + 8ex
answer: 4/7 answer: 3/8

x2 − 4 2e−x + 3ex
(b) lim . (f) lim
x→−∞ 9e−x + 8ex
answer: 4/3
2
x→−2 2x + 5x + 2
answer: 2/9

5x3 + x − 1 x
(c) lim (g) lim+
2x3 − 7 x→0 2x + |x|
answer: 5/2 answer: 1/3
x→−∞
√
16x6 − 3x x
(d) lim . (h) lim
x→0 2x + |x|
answer: −4 answer: Does not exist
x→−∞ x3 + 2

Solution. 1b
x2 − 4 (x
(x − 2) +
2)
lim 2 = lim factor and cancel
x→2 2x + 5x + 2 x→−2 (2x + 1) +
(x 2)
(−2) − 2 4
= = .
2(−2) + 1 3

Solution. 1d.
√ ( )
√
16x6 − 3x x6 16 − 3
x5
lim = lim
x→−∞ x3 + 2 x→−∞
√ √3 (+ 2
x
)
x6 16 − 3
x5 √
= lim x6 = −x3 because x < 0 as x → −∞
x→−∞ x3 + 2
√( )
−x 3
16 − 3
x5
= lim Divide by highest order term in denominator
x→−∞ x3 + 2
√( )
−x3
16 − 3
x5
= lim
x→−∞ x3 + 2
√( )

−
x 3
16 − 3 1
= lim
x5
x3
3 + 2) 1
v(x
x→−∞
x3
u  
u
u
u 3 
−u 16 − 5 
t x 
|{z}
→0
= lim
x→−∞ 2
1+ 3
x
|{z}
√ →0
− 16
= = −4.
1

3x2 + 4
2. (a) Find the vertical and horizontal asymptotes of
x2 − 4x + 3
answer: VA at x = 1 and x = 3; HA at y = 3

x
(b) Find the vertical and horizontal asymptotes of √ 2 and y = −1/ 2 answer: No VAs; HA at y = 1/
2x2 + 1 √ √

2ex + 3e−x
(c) Find the vertical and horizontal asymptotes of x
e − e−x
answer: VA at x = 0; HA at y = 2 and y = −3

3. Differentiate.

1
√ 1 x−3
(a) 2x3 + x 2
+ e3 + πx − x2
2x 2−1 + π + answer: 6x2 + (e) f (x) = . Simplify your answer.
x 1
√ √
x+3
sin x answer: 6(x + 3)−2 = 6/(x + 3)2

(b) .
x x2
(f) ln (−6x + 2)
answer: x cos x−sin x 3x−1
3 answer:

(c) 5xe4x .
(g) sin((3x + 1)4 )
answer: 5e4x + 20xe4x = 5e4x (1 + 4x)
answer: cos((3x + 1)4 ) · 4(3x + 1)3 · 3

4x
(d) + sec x. (h) (cos(2x) + e3x )5
sec x
answer: 4x (ln 4 cos x − sin x) + sec x tan x answer: 5(cos(2x) + e3x )4 · (−2 sin(2x) + 3e3x )

4. Given that f (3) = 2, g(3) = 5, f ′ (3) = 7, g ′ (3) = −2, and f ′ (5) = 3. Find the following:
(a) (f g)′ (3) answer: 31

(b) (f 2 )′ (3) answer: 28

(c) (g/f )′ (3) answer: −39/4

(d) (f /g)′ (3) answer: 39/25

(e) (f ◦ g)′ (3) answer: −6

dy
5. Use implicit differentiation to find dx , and then find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point.

(a) x2 + 2xy − y 2 + x = 2, (1, 2).

2 2
answer: y = 7 x − 3

(b) x2 − 3xy + y 2 = 4, (2, 0).

3
answer: y = 2 (x − 2)

dy
Solution. 5a Since we are looking an equation of the tangent line, we need to find dx and substitute the point (1, 2)
to get the slope. To do so we use implicit differentiation.

d
x2 + 2xy − y 2 + x = 2 dx
dy dy
2x + (2y + 2x ) − 2y +1 = 0
dx dy dx dy
2x dx − 2y dx = −2x − 2y − 1
dy
dx (2x − 2y) = −2x − 2y − 1
dy
dx = −2x−2y−1
2x−2y Set x = 1, y = 2
dy −7
dx = −2
= 72 .
7 7 3
Therefore the equation of the line through (1, 2) is y − 2 = (x − 1), which simplifies to y = x − .
2 2 2

6. (a) Find the linearization (linear approximation) of x9 at a = 1. Then use your linearization to approximate (1.001)9 .
answer: L(x) = 1 + 9(x − 1), and (1.001)9 ≈ L(1.001) = 1.009

√
(b) Find
√ the linearization (linear approximation) of 3
x at a = 1000. Then use your linearization to approximate
3
1150.
300
3 1150 ≈ L(1150) = 10.5
1 · (x − 1000), and √ answer: L(x) = 10 +

1 + 2x
(c) Find the linearization (linear approximation) of at a = 0. Then use your linearization to approximate
1 + 3x
1.2
.
1.3
answer: L(x) = 1 − x, and 1.2/1.3 ≈ L(0.1) = 0.9

Solution. 6a. The linearization of f (x) = x9 at a = 1 is given by L(x) = f (1) + f ′ (1)(x − 1). We have that
f (1) = 19 = 1, and since f ′ (x) = 9x8 , it follows that f ′ (1) = 9. Thus L(x) = 1 + 9(x − 1). Finally, to approximate
(1.001)9 , which is f (1.001), we simply substitute 1.001 into L(x), obtaining 1.009.

2
7. (a) Find the derivative of f (x) = 2x3 − x2 − 20x + 1, and determine the intervals on which f (x) is increasing and
decreasing. answer: Increasing on (−∞, −5/3) and (2, ∞); decreasing on (−5/3, 2)
√
(b) Find the derivative of f (x) = (2x − 1) x, and determine the intervals on which f (x) is increasing and decreasing.
answer: Decreasing on (0, 1/6) and increasing on (1/6, ∞)

(c) Find the second derivative of f (x) = ln(x2 + 4), and determine the intervals on which f (x) is concave up and
concave down. answer: Concave up on (−2, 2); concave down on (−∞, −2) and (2, ∞)

8. (a) Find the minimum value of the function C = 4w2 + 4wh assuming that w2 h = 16. Justify that you have found a
minimum and not a maximum. answer: 48

(b) Find the point(s) on the parabola y = x2 − 1 that are closest to the origin, by minimizing the function x2 + y 2 .
2, 1/2) 2, 1/2) and (1/ answer: (−1/
√ √

Solution. 8a We start by solving the equation w2 h = 16 for h and then substituting into the formula for C, yielding
64
C = 4w2 + . Now we find the critical points by setting C ′ = 0 and solving. We get:
w
8w − 64
w2 = 0
8w = w642
8w3 = 64
w3 = 8
w = 2.

Applying the First Derivative Test, we find that C ′ > 0 when w > 2 and C ′ < 0 when w < 2, and so this critical point
is a minimum of the function. Thus, the minimum value is C = 4(2)2 + 64/2 = 48.

9. Differentiate f (x) using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

∫1
(a) f (x) = (2 + t4 )5 dt
x
answer: − 2 + x
4 5
( )

∫x
2

(b) f (x) = tet dt.

0
answer: f ′ (x) = 2x3 ex
2

d
(∫ x )
Solution. 9a We recall that the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus part 1 states that dx a
h(t)dt = h(x) where a
is a constant. We can rewrite the integral so it has x as the upper limit:
∫ 1 ∫ x
f (x) = (2 + 14 )5 dt = − (2 + 14 )5 dt .
x 1

Therefore ( ∫ x ) (∫ x )
d d FTC part 1
− (2 + t ) dt = −
4 5 4 5
(2 + t ) dt = −(2 + x4 )5 .
dx 1 dx 1

∫ x
Solution. 9b Suppose we had g(x) = tet dt. Then the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus would tell us that
0
g ′ (x) = xex . The function f (x) that we were given has an x2 in place of x, and so f (x) = g(x2 ). Then, by the Chain
Rule, f ′ (x) = g ′ (x2 ) · 2x = (x2 )ex · 2x = 2x3 ex .
2 2

10. Estimate the integral using a Riemann sum using the indicated sample points and interval length.
∫ 4
(√ )
(a) 8x + 1 dx. Use four intervals of equal width, choose the sample point to be the left endpoint of each
0
interval.
0
17. f (x)dx ≈ 9 + 8x + 1. Thus ∆x = 1 and f (x) = answer:
√ √
∫ 4

3
∫
−0.5
dx
(b) . Use three intervals of equal width, choose the sample point to be the midpoint of each interval.
x2 + 1
−3.5
−3.5
5 x2 +1
f (x)dx ≈ ∆x (f (−3) + f (−2) + f (−1)) = = 0.8. 1 . Thus ∆x = 1 and f (x) = answer:
∫ 4
−0.5

∫ 2
dx 1
(c) . Use ∆x = 2 and right endpoint sampling points.
0 1 + x + x3
20163 13 3 47 11 2
= 12197 ≈ 0.604920 8 + 1 + 8 + 1 answer: 1
) (

Solution. 10a. The interval [0, 4] is subdivided into n = 4 intervals, therefore the length of each is ∆x = 1. The
intervals are therefore
[0, 1], [1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4] .
The problem asks us to use the left endpoints of each interval as sampling points. Therefore our sampling points are
0, 1, 2, 3. Therefore the Riemann sum we are looking for is
(√ √ √ √ ) √
∆x (f (0) + f (1) + f (2) + f (3)) = 1 · 8 · 0 + 1 + 8 · 1 + 1 + 8 · 2 + 1 + 8 · 3 + 1 = 9 + 17 ≈ 13.1231

Solution. 10b. The interval [−3.5, −0.5] is subdivided into n = 3 intervals, therefore the length of each is ∆x =
−0.5−(−3.5)
3 = 33 = 1. The intervals are therefore

[−3.5, −2.5], [−2.5, −1.5], [−1.5, −0.5] .

The problem asks us to use the midpoint of each interval as a sampling point. Therefore our sampling points are
−3, −2, −1. Therefore the Riemann sum we are looking for is
( )
1 1 1
∆x (f (−3) + f (−2) + f (−1)) = 1 · + + = 0.8 .
10 5 2

11. Integrate.

∫4 0

√
11 11
= 1 5 x 5 + 6 x 6 answer:

(a)
11 11
x(1 + x)dx. ∫
]1 [

x
1 (d) dx.
15
= 256
1
5 3
2x2 + 2x2 answer:
1 + x2 2
5 3 answer: 1 ln x2 + 1 + C
]4 [ ( )
∫ √ 1
∫2
3
x − x2 + 1 x
(b) dx. (e) dx.
x 2x2 +1
√
x + 3x 3 + ln |x| + C
1
answer: −2
1
4
answer: 1 ln 3

∫1 ( √ ∫
√ )
(c)
5
x6 +
6
x5 dx. (f) x3 cos(x4 )dx.
4
answer: 1 sin(x4 ) + C
0

Solution. 11b
∫ √ 1 ∫ ( )
3
x − x2 + 1 − 23 1
− 12
dx = x −x + dx
x √ x
1
= +3x 3 − 2 x + ln |x| + C.

Solution. 11e
∫2 ∫
x=2
1 2 ∫
x=2
x 4 d(2x ) 1 d(2x2 + 1)
2
dx = = Set u = 2x2 + 1
2x + 1 2x2 + 1 4 2x2 + 1
1 x=1 x=1
x=2
∫
u=9
1 du 1 9 1 ln 3
= = [ln u]3 = (ln 9 − ln 3) = .
4 u 4 4 4
x=1
u=3

4
12. (a) Let f (x) = 1+2 sin x+ √3x +5ex . Find an antiderivative F (x) of f (x) such that F (0) = 10. √
x + 5ex + 7 answer: x − 2 cos x + 6

(b) An object has velocity function v(t) = 2 + 6t + 4et and initial position s(0) = 9. What is its position function
s(t)? answer: 2t + 3t2 + 4et + 5

(c) An object has constant acceleration a(t) = −10. The velocity at time t = 2 is v(2) = 70, and the position at time
t = 3 is s(3) = 300. Find the position function s(t). answer: 75 + 90t − 5t2

13. The following is a graph of y = f (x):

∫ 2
(a) Find f (x) dx. answer: 2
0
∫ 6
(b) Find f (x) dx. answer: −4
2
∫ 6
(c) Find f (x) dx. answer: −2
0
∫ x
(d) Let g(x) = f (x) dx. Determine where g is increasing and decreasing. answer: Increasing on (0, 2); decreasing on (2, 6)
0

14. (a) Find the area of the region bounded by the curves y = 2x2 and y = 4 + x2 .
3
answer: 32

(b) Find the area of the region bounded by the curves x = 4 − y 2 and y = 2 − x.
(c) • Sketch the region bounded by the curves y = x2 and y = 2x2 + x − 2.
y

1 x

• Find the area of the region.

2
answer: 9

Solution. 14b. x = 4 − y 2 is a parabola (here we consider x as a function of y). y = −x + 2 implies that x = 2 − y

and so the two curves intersect when
4 − y2 = 2−y
−y + y + 2
2
= 0
−(y + 1)(y − 2) = 0
y = −1 or 2 .

As x = 2 − y, this implies that x = 0 when y = 2 and x = 3 when y = −1, or in other words the points of intersection
are (0, 2) and (3, −1). Therefore we the region is the one plotted below. Integrating with respect to y, we get that the

5
area is
∫2 ∫2
( )
A = 4 − x2 − (−x + 2) dy = −y 2 + y + 2 dy
−1 −1
[ 3 ]2 ( )
y y2 8 (−1)3 (−1)2
= − + + 2y =− +2+4− − + −2
3 2 −1 3 3 2
9
= .
2
y = −x + 2

x = 4 − y2

Solution. 14c
Region plot.
y

1 x

The intersection between the two parabolas are found via

x2 = 2x2 + x − 2
x +x−2 = 0
2

(x − 1)(x + 2) = 0
x=1 x = −2
y=1 y = 4.

Area of the region.

∫ 1 2
A = x − (2x2 + x − 2) dx x2 > (2x2 + x − 2) for x ∈ [−2, 1] (from plot)
∫−2
1 ( )
= x2 − (2x2 + x − 2) dx
[−2 ]1
1 1
= − x3 − x2 + 2x
3 2 −2
9
= .
2