KANJI 1-76

1 ICHI, hito(tsu), one

一人 hitori, one (person) (39)
一 一月 ichigatsu, hitotsuki, January (16)
1s 一番 ichiban, first, best (196)
一緒に issho ni, together (1382)
一生懸命に isshōkenmei ni, with all one’s might (42,1225,394)
一日 ichinichi, one day; all day (62)
一日 tsuitachi*, the first day of the month (62)
一昨年 ototoshi*, issakunen, the year before last (486, 64)
一晩中 hitobanjū, all night (long) (961, 55)
均一 kinitsu, uniformity (653) (level/average/alike one)

2 YŪ, U, migi, right

右側 usoku, migigawa, right side (535)
右 右岸 ugan, right bank (248)
5s 右翼 uyoku, right wing (1885)
極右 kyoku’u, extreme right (464)
右折禁止 usetsu kinshi, No Right Turn (522, 654, 129)
right hand 左右確認 sayū kakunin, Look Left and Right (22, 634, 952)
over a mouth 右手 migite, right hand (32)
右利き migikiki, right-handed (596)

3 U, ame, rain
大雨 ō’ame, heavy rain (53) (big rain)
雨 小雨 kosame, drizzle (36)
8s 春雨 harusame, spring rain (141)
五月雨 samidare, early summer rain (19, 16)
時雨 shigure, early winter rain (135)
雨量 uryō, rainfall (600)
雨戸 amado, rain door, shutter (108)
雨雲 amagumo, raincloud (78)
雨水 amamizu, rainwater (40)
長雨 naga-ame, long spell of rainy weather (173)
雨期 uki, rainy season (251)
梅雨 tsuyu*, bai’u, rainy season (June & early July) (1689)
(plum rain)
暴風雨 bōfū-u, windy rainstorm (793, 198)
風雨 fū-u, wind and rain, storm (198)
豪雨 gōu, heavy rain, downpour (1271) (strength-rain)
4 EN, yen; maru(i), round, circular; maru(sa), roundness
円高 endaka, strong yen, appreciation of the yen (119)
円 円安 enyasu, weak yen, depreciation of the yen (223)
4s 千円札 sen’ensatsu, 1,000-yen note (47, 1304)
円卓 entaku, round table, Round Table (1553)
円形 enkei, circle (104)
円を描く en o egaku, to draw a circle (1741)
円周 enshū, circumference (504)
円心 enshin, centre of a circle (147) (circle-heart)
同心円 dōshin’en, concentric circles (187, 147)
(same-heart-circles)
円満な enman na, perfect, harmonious (588)
円盤 enban, disc; flying saucer (1723)
楕円形 daenkei, ellipse, oval (--, 104)

5 Ō, king, ruler
王様 ōsama, king (407)
王 女王 joō, queen (35)
4s 王子 ōji, prince (25)
王女 ōjo, princess
王国 ōkoku, kingdom, monarchy (123)
国王 kokuō, king, monarch
王族 ōzoku, royal family, royalty (333) (king-clan)
王座 ōza, throne (870) (king-seat)
the blade of a 帝王 teiō, Emperor (1616) [not of Japan]
large battle 法王 hōō, Pope (584)
axe 石油王 sekiyuō, oil magnate (45, 400)
百獣の王 hyakujū no ō, The King of the Beasts (67, 1366)

6 ON, IN, ne, oto, sound

音楽 ongaku, music (218)
音 音読み onyomi, Chinese reading of kanji (189)
9s 音で読む on de yomu, to read kanji in the onyomi (189)
本音 honne, one’s real thoughts (OPP. tatemae) (70)
発音 hatsuon, pronunciation (370) (discharge-sound)
to speak, tongue 騒音 sō’on, (loud) noise (1530)
inside mouth; 騒音公害 sō’onkōgai, noise pollution (1530, 277, 437)
stand over sun 物音 mono’oto, sound (e.g. I thought I heard a sound outside) (387)
足音 ashioto, (the sound of) footsteps (51)

2
母音 boin, vowel (203) (mother-sound)
子音 shiin, consonant (25) (child-sound)
音節 onsetsu, syllable (523)
英音 eion, English pronunciation (426)
音痴の onchi no, tone deaf (1575) (sound-foolish)

7 KA, GE, shita, bottom, under, beneath;

moto, base; shimo, lower;
下 • kuda(ru), to go down, to go away from Tokyo;
3s • kuda(su), to pass (判断 handan/judgement,
判決 hanketsu /sentence), to draw (結論 ketsuron/ a
conclusion)
• sa(geru), to hang (v.t.), lower, bow (頭 atama/ head);
• sa(garu), to hang down, to stay behind, to step back
• o(riru), to go down, come down, descend
• o(rosu), to lower, take down, pull down
下さい kudasai, please
下り kudari, down, descent; abbreviation for 下り電車
(kudari densha), out-bound train (180, 31)
下車する gesha suru, to alight, get off (31)
地下鉄 chikatetsu, underground (Tube) (167, 353)
靴下 kutsushita, sock (1052)
下手 heta na*, poor at (32) (lower hand)
下手 shitate, humble position (32)
千円以下 sen-en ika, 1,000 yen or less (47, 4, 419)
下記の kaki no, the following, undermentioned (95)
上下 jōge, first and second volumes (37)
下水 gesui, sewerage (40)
an area below 下痢 geri, diarrhoea (1895)
a line 下品な gehin na, vulgar, coarse (382)
下着 shitagi, underwear (343)
下町 shitamachi, downtown (Tokyo) (57)
手下 teshita, subordinate
木の下に ki no moto ni, under a tree (69)
川下 kawashimo, downstream (48)
風下 kazashimo, downwind, leeward (198)
陛下 heika, His/Her Majesty (967)
根を下ろす ne o orosu, to take root

3
8 KA, hi, ho, fire, flame
火曜日 kayōbi, Tuesday (216, 62)
火 花火 hanabi, fireworks (9) (flower-fire)
4s 火事 kaji, fire, conflagration (293)
火災 kasai, fire (680)
火災保険 kasaihoken, fire insurance (680, 787, 662)
火災報知器 kasaihōchiki, fire alarm (680, 789, 169, 452)
火傷 yakedo*, a burn (901)
火山 kazan, volcano (24) (fire-mountain)
火星 kasei, Mars (154) (fire-planet)
点火する tenka suru, to ignite (179) (point-fire)
防火 bōka, fire prevention (791)
耐火性の taika(sei) no, fireproof, fire-resistant (1542, 723)
火花 hibana, spark (9)
火鉢 hibachi, charcoal brazier (1705)
火薬 kayaku, gunpowder, explosives (398) (fire-drug)
火影 hokage, shadows from firelight (1017)

9 KA, hana, flower, blossom

花見 hanami, cherry-blossom viewing (18)
花 花火 hanabi, fireworks (8)
7s 花粉 kafun, pollen (577) (flower-powder)
花屋 hanaya, florist(’s) (236)
花びら hanabira, petal
grass/plant + 花弁 kaben, petal (786)
change 開花する kaika suru, to come into bloom, to blossom (241)
造花 zōka, artificial flower (739) (made-flower)
花瓶 kabin, vase (1747)

10 GAKU, learning, science; mana(bu), to learn, to study

学校 gakkō, school (21)
学 大学 daigaku, university (53) (big-study)
8s 大学生 (dai)gakusei, (university) student (53) (42)
入学 nyūgaku, to enrol, matriculate, start school (63)
manual 入学式 nyūgakushiki, entrance ceremony (63, 295)
emulation by a 文学 bungaku, literature (68)
child 数学 sūgaku, mathematics (151)
科学 kagaku, science (81)
化学 kagaku, chemistry (238) (change-study)

4
医学 igaku, medical science (225)
留学生 ryūgakusei, overseas student (805, 42)
学部 gakubu, (University) Faculty (384)
学科 gakka, (University) Department (81)
学士 gakushi, B.A., Bachelor of Arts (494)
見学 kengaku, field trip (18)
独学 dokugaku, self-study (763)
学会 gakkai, institute; learned society (87)
学者 gakusha, scholar (298) (study-person)

11 KI, KE, spirit, energy, mind

気を付けて ki o tsukete, take care (=goodbye) (574)
気 元気 genki, vigour, energy, spirits, health (106)
6s 天気 tenki, weather (58) (heaven/sky-spirit)
電気 denki, electricity (180)
気分 kibun, mood, feeling (199) (mind-divide)
気持ち kimochi, feeling (294) (spirit-hold/have)
病気の byōki no, sick, ill (381)
吐き気がする hakike ga suru, to feel nauseous (1634)
人気がる ninki ga aru, to be popular (39)
気前がいい kimae ga ii, generous (159)
短気な tanki na, short-tempered (342)
勇気 yūki, bravery, courage (592)
空気 kūki, air (15) (sky-spirit)
気が付く ki ga tsuku, to notice, become aware of (574)
気が変わる ki ga kawaru, to change one’s mind (581)
vapours rising 気候 kikō, climate (478)
from cooked 気圧 kiatsu, atmospheric pressure (612)
rice 大気 taiki,# (Earth’s) atmosphere (see 15#) (53)
気管 kikan, trachea, windpipe (443)
気体 kitai, gas, gaseous body (165) (spirit-body)
火気厳禁 kaki genkin, Caution: Flammables (8, 854, 654)

12 KU, KYŪ, nine; kokono(tsu), nine, nine years old

九時 kuji, nine o’ clock (135)
九 九月 kugatsu, September (16)
2s bent elbow – 九日 kokonoka, the 9th of the month; nine days (62)
counting with 九州 Kyūshū (304) (9 states/provinces)
one arm 九重 kokonoe, the Imperial Palace; ninefold (311)

5
13 KYŪ, yasu(mi), rest, vacation; yasu(mu), to rest
お休みなさい o-yasumi nasai, Good night
休 昼休み hiruyasumi, lunch break (172)
6s 夏休み natsuyasumi, summer vacation (82)
休日 kyūjitsu, holiday, day off (62)
本日休業 honjitsu kyūgyō, closed today (70, 62, 260)
定休日 teikyūbi, regular day off (e.g. every Monday) (351, 62)
連休 renkyū, consecutive holidays (607)
産休 sankyū, maternity leave (491)
a person 休憩 kyūkei, rest, intermission, break, recess (1205)
resting against 休火山 kyūkazan, dormant volcano (8, 24)
a tree 休戦 kyūsen, truce, armistice (526) (rest-war)
休暇 kyūka, holiday, vacation (1050)
休養 kyūyō, relaxation, recreation (594)
休学する kyūgaku suru, to have leave of absence from
university [to take a year off, to earn money for tuition fees] (10)

14 KIN, KON, gold, metal; kane, money

お金 o-kane, money
金 金曜日 kinyōbi, Friday
8s 料金 ryōkin, fee, charge, fare (599) (measure-money)
預金 yokin, bank account (801)
入金 nyūkin, deposit (on ATM machine) (63)
現金で genkin de, by cash (666) (appearing/now-money)
nuggets in the 礼金 reikin, gift money to landlord (413)
ground: shrine 税金 zeikin, tax (727)
資金 shikin, funds, capital (694)
金持ちな kanemochi na, rich, wealthy (294)
金魚 kingyo, goldfish (98)
金髪 kinpatsu, blond hair (1706)
金属 kinzoku, metal (744)
白金 hakkin, platinum (65) (white-gold)
金庫 kinko, safe, cashbox (275)

15 KŪ, sora, sky; kara, empty, vacant;

a(ku), to become vacant, become free;
空 a(keru), to empty, clear; leave space; to make (穴 ana/a hole);
8s muna(shii), empty, void, futile, vain;
muna(shisa), emptiness, futility

6
空オケ karaoke (empty-orchestra)
空気 kūki,# air, atmosphere (in a place: see 11#) (11)
成田空港 Narita kūkō, Narita airport (515, 59, 280)
この席は空いていますか
kono seki wa aite imasu ka Is this seat free?
空手 karate (32) (empty-hand)
空っぽ karappo, empty [opposite of ‘full’]
空間 kūkan, a [narrow etc.] space (92)
航空便 kōkūbin, airmail (479, 582)
空車 kūsha, vacant taxi (31)
空席 kūseki, vacant/unoccupied seat (520)
空き缶 aki-kan, empty can (1095)
空瓶 karabin, empty bottle (1747)
青空 aozora, blue sky (43)
空色 sorairo, sky-blue (145)
空を飛ぶ sora o tobu, to fly through the air (566)
時間が空いている jikan ga aite iru, I have time to spare

16 GETSU, GATSU, tsuki, month, moon

月曜日 getsuyōbi, Monday (216, 62)
月 四月 shigatsu, April (26)
4s 七月 shichigatsu, September (30)
九月 kugatsu, November (12)
お正月 o-shōgatsu, New Year (41)
生年月日 seinengappi, date of birth (42, 64, 62)
先月 sengetsu, last month (49)
今月 kongetsu, this month (125)
来月 raigetsu, next month (217)
a tilted 毎月 maitsuki, every month (206)
crescent moon 二箇月 nikagetsu, (for) two months (61, 1054)
月見 tsukimi, moon-viewing (18)
満月 mangetsu, full moon (588)
名月 meigetsu, harvest moon [mid-autumn full moon] (71)
三日月 mikazuki, crescent moon (23, 62) (third-day-moon)
月光 gekkō, moonlight (116)
月収 gesshū, monthly income (703)
月給 gekkyū, monthly salary (457)
月末 getsumatsu, end of the month (587)

7
17 KEN, inu, dog
小犬 koinu, puppy (36)
犬 犬小屋 inugoya, kennel (36, 236) (dog-small-house)
4s 秋田犬 Akita inu, Akita (breed of) dog (140, 59)
番犬 banken, watch-dog, guard-dog (196)
a dog with 野犬 yaken, stray dog (213)
pointed ears, 狂犬病 kyōkenbyō, rabies (1161, 381) (mad-dog-illness)
on its hind 盲導犬 mōdōken, guide-dog (1852, 759)
legs, barking 犬死する inuji ni suru, to die in vain (286)

18 KEN, mi(ru), to see, look; mi(eru), to be visible, look, seem;

mi(seru), to show, exhibit
見 見物 kenbutsu, sightseeing (387) (eye-thing)
7s 見学する kengaku suru, to visit (e.g. factory) for study (10)
見付ける mitsukeru, to find (574)
見付かる mitsukaru, to turn up, to come to light (574)
見本 mihon, sample, specimen (70) (eye-true)
見得 mie, pose, posture (761)
お見合い o-miai, a meeting with a view to marriage (121)
お見舞い o-mimai, a gift (usu. money) to sick people,
earthquake victims etc. (1761)
eye + bent 見積もり mitsumori, estimate (rough calculation) (521)
legs: a person 見当 kentō, guess, estimate (183)
kneeling, to 若く見える wakaku mieru, to look young (886)
stare at 外見 gaiken, external appearance (91)
something 意見 iken, opinion (226) (mind-eye)
発見 hakken, discovery (370) (leave-eye)
発見する hakken suru, to discover (370)
見事な migoto na, splendid (293)
見物 mimono, spectacle (387) (eye-thing)
見出し midashi, headline (34) (given-out-for-the-eye)
~に偏見を持つ ~ni henken o motsu, to be prejudiced against~
記者会見 kisha kaiken, press conference (95, 298, 87)

19 GO, five; itsu(tsu), five, five years old

五月 gogatsu, May; itsutsuki, (for) five months (16)
五 五日 itsuka, the 5th of the month; (for) five days (62)
4s 五感 gokan, the five senses (246)
五月晴れ satsukibare, fine weather early in rainy season

8
20 KŌ, KU, kuchi, mouth, opening
入口 iriguchi, entrance (63)
口 出口 deguchi, exit (34)
3s 非常口 hijōguchi, emergency exit (773, 718)
窓口 madoguchi, ticket window at train station (919)
改札口 kaisatsuguchi, wicket, ticket barrier (435, 1304)
口座 kōza, bank account (870)
人口 jinkō, population (39) (people’s mouths)
利口な rikō na, clever, sharp (596)
大口 ōguchi, big mouth; ~o tataku, to brag (53)
辛口 karakuchi, dry taste, spicy (1432)
口紅 kuchibeni, lipstick, rouge (862)
口髭 kuchihige, moustache (--)
口語の kōgo no, colloquial (112)
口論 kōron, argument, quarrel (996)
口実 kōjitsu, pretext (296) (mouth-truth)

21 KŌ, school; to correct, to check, to investigate; to compare, to

think; (printer’s) proof
校 学校 gakkō, school (10)
10s 小学校 shōgakkō, elementary school (36, 10)
中学校 chūgakkō, junior high school (55, 10)
高校 kōkō, high school (119)
校長 kōchō, school principal (173)
校則 kōsoku, school regulations (742)
校正 kōsei, proofreading (41)
校舎 kōsha, school building (700)
校友 kōyū, alumnus (214) (school-friend)
母校 bokō, alma mater (203)

22 SA, hidari, left

左様なら sayōnara, goodbye (407)
左 左側 sasoku, hidarigawa, left side (535)
5s 左折禁止 sasetsu kinshi, No Left Turn (522, 654, 129)
左手 hidarite, left hand (32)
left hand and 左利き hidarikiki, left-handed; sake drinker (596)
work upon: to 左向き hidarimuki, facing left (278)
assist 左翼・左派 sayoku, saha, left wing (1885) / (955)
左官 sakan, plasterer (441)

9
23 SAN, mi, mi(tsu), three; mit(tsu), three, three years old
三人 sannin, three people (39)
三 三日 mikka, three days; the 3rd day of the month (62)
3s 三重県 mie-ken, Mie Prefecture (311, 273)
三人称 sanninshō, 3rd person (GRAMMAR) (39, 714)
三流の sanryū no, third-rate (409)
三塁 sanrui, third base (1918)
三味線 shamisen (393, 329)
正三角形 seisankakukei, equilateral triangle (41, 243, 104)

24 SAN [ZAN], yama, mountain

沢山 takusan, a lot (1552) (many-mountains)
山 富士山 Fuji-san, Mt. Fuji (780, 494)
3s 山手線 Yamanote Sen (32, 329)
登山 tozan, mountaineering (360) (climb-mountain)
火山 kazan, volcano (8) (fire-mountain)
鉱山 kōzan, mine (674)
a prominent 氷山 hyōzan, iceberg (378) (ice-mountain)
central peak 山道 sandō, yamamichi, mountain path (188)
山脈 sanmyaku, mountain range (589)
山場 yamaba, peak, climax (144)

25 SHI, SU, ko, child

子ども kodomo, child, children (839)
子 男子 danshi, boy, man, male (54)
3s 女子 joshi, girl, woman, female (35)
女子大 joshidai, women’s university (35, 53)
男の子 otoko no ko, boy (54)
女の子 onna no ko, girl (35)
an infant in 息子 musuko, son (332)
swaddling 菓子 kashi, sweets, cake, confectionery (1047)
clothes, 餃子 gyōza, fried dumplings (--)
waving its 調子 chōshi, condition, state (of health)
arms 体の調子が悪い karada no chōshi ga warui, I feel bad
帽子をかぶる bōshi o kaburu, to wear a hat (1816)
椅子 isu, chair (--)
障子 shōji, sliding paper door (902)
王子 ōji, prince (5)
太子 taishi, Crown Prince (e.g. Shotoku Taishi) (164)

10
様子 yōsu, state of things, situation; appearance (407)
電子 denshi, electron (180)
遺伝子 idenshi, gene (808, 553)
原子 genshi, atom (107)
継子 mamako, stepchild (1203)
迷子 maigo, lost child (797)
子孫 shison, descendant (538)
利子 rishi, interest (on a loan) (596)

26 SHI, yon, yo, four; yot(tsu), four, four years old

四月 shigatsu, April (16)
四 四人 yonin, four people (39)
5s 四時 yoji, four o’clock (135)
四日 yokka, the 4th of the month; (for) four days (62)
四季 shiki, the four seasons (448)
四国 Shikoku (123) (4 countries/regions)
四角 shikaku, square (243) (four angles/corners)
四回 yonkai, four times (86)
四捨五入 shishagonyū, round to the nearest whole number
(883, 19, 63) (abandon 4, enter 5)

27 SHI, ito, thread

製糸 seishi, silk-making (726)
糸 糸口 itoguchi, clue; first step (20) (thread-mouth)
6s 糸偏 itohen, radical of a kanji (785) (thread-knit)
糸巻 itomaki, bobbin, spool (826)
skein of yarn 絹糸 kinuito, kenshi, silk thread (664)

28 JI, character, letter, mark, symbol; aza, section (of a village)

漢字 kanji (442)
字 字画 jikaku, stroke count [of kanji] (85)
6s 字引 jibiki, dictionary (77) (character-pull)
字典 jiten, character dictionary (552)
a house where 文字 monji, moji, letter, character, ideograph (68)
children are 大文字 ōmoji, capital letter (53, 68)
raised: 数字 sūji, number, numeral, digit (151)
proliferation 名字 myōji, surname (71)
赤字 akaji, in the red (46)
黒字 kuroji, in the black (124)
赤十字 sekijūji, Red Cross (46, 33)
11
29 JI, mimi, ear
耳鼻咽喉 jibi’inkō, ENT, otorhinolaryngology (377, --, --)
耳 耳鼻科 jibika, otorhinology (377, 81)
6s 耳科 jika, otology (81)
中耳炎 chūjien, middle ear infection (55, 1024)
耳鳴り miminari, tinnitus (209) (ear non-human cry)
早耳 hayamimi, keen of hearing (50) (quick ear)
初耳 hatsumimi, something heard for the 1st time (507)
耳が遠い mimi ga tōi, deaf (79) (ear is far)
耳掻き mimikaki, earpick
耳たぶ mimitabu, earlobe

30 SHICHI, nana, seven; nana(tsu), seven, seven years old

七月 shichigatsu, July (16)
七 七五三 shichi-go-san, November 15 Festival (19, 23)
2s 七夕 Tanabata, the Star Festival [July 7th] (44)
七人の侍 Shichi-Nin no Samurai, ‘The Seven Samurai’
七日 nanoka, seven days; the 7th day of the month (62)
七か月 nanakagetsu, (for) seven months (16)
A bent finger 七年間 nana-/shichi-nenkan, (for) seven years (64, 92)
under a fist 七つ目 nanatsume, seventh (72)
七面鳥 shichimenchō, turkey (395, 174) Eaten at
Christmas in Japan; tastier than the turkeys in England.
七草粥 nanakusagayu, seven-herb rice gruel [eaten on
January the 7th] (162, --)

31 SHA, kuruma, wheel, vehicle

電車 densha, train (180) (electric-vehicle)
車 自動車 jidōsha, automobile (134, 362) (self-move-vehicle)
7s 自転車 jitensha, bicycle (134, 354) (self-rotate-vehicle)
駐車場 chūshajō, car park, Parking (1587, 144)
発車する hassha suru, to depart (of a train) (370)
2-wheeled 下車する gesha suru, to alight (from a train or a bus) (7)
chariot, 車椅子 kurumaisu, wheelchair (--, 25)
viewed from 救急車 kyūkyūsha, ambulance (456, 254)
above 人力車 jinrikisha, rickshaw (39, 74)
戦車 sensha, tank [armoured vehicle] (526)
車座になる kurumaza ni naru, to sit in a circle/ring (870)
口車 kuchiguruma, cajolery (20)

12
32 SHU, te, hand; -te, performer of an action
上手な jōzu na, [someone else is] good [at] (37)
手 下手な heta na*, bad [at] (7)
4s 上手い umai*, good, skilful (37)
Sometimes used, rather pointlessly, to mean ‘delicious’
手袋 tebukuro, glove(s) (1546) (hand-bag)
手紙 tegami, letter (132) (hand-paper)
手首 tekubi, wrist (139)
手の平 te no hira, palm (of the hand) (388)
手当て teate, allowance (183)
通勤手当 tsūkinteate, commuting allowance (176, 842, 183)
相手 aite, partner; opponent (530)
手伝う tetsudau, to help, assist (553) (hand-convey)
歌手 kashu, singer (84) (song-hand)
選手 senshu, athlete (527) (chosen/select-hand)
運転手 untenshu, driver (231, 354)
助手 joshu, research assistant, associate (314)
手術 shujutsu, (surgical) operation (708)
握手 akushu, handshake (999) (grasp-hand)
手数料 tesūryō, fee, charge, commission (151, 599)
手続き tetsuzuki, procedure (536)
手引書 tebikisho, a manual (77, 142)
語り手 katarite, narrator (112)
手間 tema, time & labour it takes to do something (92)
両手 ryōte, both hands (411)
手品 tejina, sleight of hand (382)

33 JŪ, ten; tō, ten, ten years old

十月 jūgatsu, October (16)
十 十日 tōka, (for) ten days; the 10th day of the month (62)
2s 二十 hatachi*, twenty years old (61)
二十日 hatsuka*, (for) 20 days; the 20th day of the month
sewing needle 十分な jūbun na, enough, sufficient, plenty of (199)
– hands 十字 jūji, cross (28)
together 十字架 jūjika, (Christian) cross, crucifix (28, 1045)
十字路 jūjiro, crossroads (28, 415)
十回 jikkai, ten times (86)

13
34 SHUTSU, SUI, de(ru), to come out, emerge, to go out;
da(su), to take out, stick out [舌/shita, tongue], to bring out,
出 to draw out, to post [手紙/tegami, a letter], to submit [report]
5s ~dasu, to start to [rain, cry]
de(kiru), to be able to; to be made, to be completed
引き出し hikidashi, a drawer; withdrawal [ATM] (77)
出口 deguchi, exit (20)
出入口 deiriguchi, doorway, entrance and exit (63, 20)
思い出す omoidasu, to recall, recollect, remember (131)
子供時代の思い出 kodomojidai no omoide, childhood memory
出身 shusshin, hometown (323)
ご出身はどちらですか go-shusshin wa dochira desu ka
What is your hometown? Where were you born?
a foot beyond 出産 shussan, delivery, childbirth (491)
a line ご出産おめでとうございます go-shussan omedetō
gozaimasu, Congratulations on the birth of your child!
出掛ける dekakeru, to go out (1083)
外出する gaishutsu suru, to go out (91)
出席する shusseki suru, to attend, to be present (520)
出席 shusseki, attendance (at school/university) (520)
出張 shutchō, business trip (752)
輸出する yushutsu suru, to export (799)
出国する shukkoku suru, to leave the country (123)
出会う deau, to meet (by chance) (87)
出前 demae, home delivery (eating establishment) (159)
目出度い medetai, propitious (72, 356)
出発 shuppatsu, setting out, departure (370)
出版する shuppan suru, to publish (770)
出版社 shuppansha, publisher [company] (770, 137)
大声を出す ōgoe o dasu, to shout (53, 153)

35 JO, NYO, NYŌ, onna, me, woman

女性 josei, woman, female (723)
女 女性的な joseiteki na, feminine, womanly (723, 551)
3s 女らしい onnarashii, feminine, womanly
kneeling 女の子 onna no ko, girl (25)
woman with 女子 joshi, girl, woman, female (25)
outstretched 女子大 joshidai, women’s university (25, 53)
arms 彼女 kanojo, she; girlfriend (1725)
14
女優 joyū, actress (984)
女王 joō, queen (5)
王女 ōjo, princess (5)
男女共学 danjokyōgaku, co-education (54, 460, 10)
女神 megami, goddess (324)
長女 chōjo, eldest daughter (173)
職女性 shokujosei, Venus (720, 154)
少女 shojo, virgin, maiden (143)
女房 nyōbō, wife (1809)
乙女 otome*, virgin, maiden (1041)
女中 jochū, maid (55) (woman-in-the-middle)
海女 ama*, female diver (88)

36 SHŌ, ko, o, chii(sai), small, minor

小学校 shōgakkō, elementary school (10, 21)
小 小一 shōichi, first-grade student (1)
3s 小学生 shōgakusei, school children (10, 42)
小説 shōsetsu, novel (fiction) (524) (little explanation)
小包 kozutsumi, parcel, package (583) (little-wrap)
小犬 koinu, puppy (17)
3 small points; 小豆 adzuki*, azuki (red bean) (1640)
1 large item 小麦 komugi, wheat (194)
divided into 2 小指 koyubi, little finger, pinkie (289)
small ones 小牛 koushi, calf (97)
小児科 shōnika, paediatrics (697, 81)
小屋 koya, hut, cabin (236)
小川 ogawa, brook, stream (48)
小雪 koyuki, light snowfall (157)
小アジア shōajia, Asia Minor
小の月 shō no tsuki, a month with 30 days or less (16)
小切手 kogitte, cheque (156, 32) (small-cut-hand)
小人 shōjin, kobito, dwarf (39)

37 JŌ, SHŌ, ue, top, above, on;

• uwa-, upper, outer;
上 • kami, upper;
3s • nobo(ru), to go up (階段/kaidan, steps), to go towards
an area above Tokyo;
a line • nobo(su), to bring up (議題に/gidai ni, for discussion);

15
• a(geru), to raise; give [outside your group]; complete (仕
事/ shigoto, a task); achieve (良い成績/yoi seiseki, good
grades);
• a(garu), to go up; to rise (月給/gekkyū, salary; 高血圧/
kōketsuatsu, blood pressure; 気温・体温/kion, [outside]
temperature, taion, [body] temperature); to stop (雨/ame,
rain)
• [vb –te form] ageru, to do something for someone
• -ageru, to complete an action

上手な jōzu na, good [at] (32) (upper-hand)

上手い umai,* skilful, good (see 32)
売り上げ uriage, sales, proceeds (192)
上り電車 nobori densha, in-bound train (180, 31)
上野 Ueno (213) (upper moor)
五人以上 go-nin ijō, five people or more (19, 39, 419)
上着 uwagi, jacket (343)
屋上 okujō, housetop, roof (236)
年上 toshiue, elder (64) (year above)
目上 meue, one’s superiors/seniors/elders (72)
仕上る shiageru, to finish, to complete (285)
出来上がる dekiagaru, to be completed (34, 217)
申し上げる mōshiageru, to say, speak [HUMBLE] (322)
上映される jōei sareru, is showing [film, at cinema] (813)
賃上げ chin’age, wage increase (942)
値上げ neage, price rise (933)
上記の jōki no, abovementioned (95)
上下 jōge, first and second volumes (7)
上級 jōkyū, advanced course, upper grade (255)
上院 jōin, Upper House (229)
海上 kaijō, on the sea, maritime (88)
向上 kōjō, improvement (278) (face towards-up)
上流の jōryū no, upstream; upper class (409)
上流階級 jōryūkaikyū, the upper class (409, 242, 255)
上唇 uwakuchibiru, upper lip (1435)
上陸する jōriku suru, to land, to disembark (597)
史上で shijō de, historically (496)
上人 shōnin, Buddhist saint (39)
川上 kawakami, upstream (48)
16
38 SHIN, mori, forest, grove
森林 shinrin, forest, woods (75)
森 森林伐採 shinrinbassai, deforestation (75, 1707, 682)
12s 森林開発 shinrinkaihatsu, forest development (75, 241, 370)
森厳な shingen na, solemn, awe-inspiring (854)
森閑 shinkan, silence (1109) (forest-quiet)

39 NIN, JIN, hito, person

一人 hitori, one person (1)
人 二人 futari, two people (61)
2s 大人 otona*, adult (53)
人間 ningen, human being (92) (person-space)
外国人 gaikokujin, foreigner (91, 123)
人類 jinrui, human race, mankind (602)
主人 shujin, husband; shop owner (299)
a standing 婦人 fujin, wife; Mrs.- (573)
person viewed 恋人 koibito, lover, sweetheart (1931)
from the side 人気 ninki, popularity (11) (person-spirit)
人口 jinkō, population (20)
人工の jinkō no, artificial, man-made (113)
本人 honnin, the person him-/herself, the said person (70)
人格者 jinkakusha, man/woman of character (633, 298)
素人 shirōto*, amateur, layman (737)
仲人 nakōdo*, go-between, matchmaker (934)
人出 hitode, crowd, turnout (34)

40 SUI, mizu, water

水曜日 suiyōbi, Wednesday (216, 62)
水 水道 suidō, water supply (188) (water-way/road)
4s 炭水化物 tansuikabutsu, carbohydrate (341, 238, 387)
雨水 amamizu, rainwater (3)
大水 ō-mizu, flood, inundation (53)
水玉 mizutama, drop, dewdrop; dot pattern (102)
current and 冷水 reisui, cold water (604)
ripples 水平 suihei, horizontal (388) (water-flat/even/calm)
水兵 suihei, sailor (578) (water-soldier)
水分 suibun, moisture (199)
水力 suiryoku, water power (74)
水素 suiso, hydrogen (737) (elemental water)

17
41 SEI, SHŌ, tada(shii), correct, right, just, proper;
tada(su), to correct; tada(shisa), propriety, rightness;
正 masa (ni), really, surely, certainly
5s 正月 shōgatsu, the New Year (16)
礼儀正しい reigitadashii, polite, courteous (413, 1137)
正直な shōjiki na, honest (349)
正確な seikaku na, accurate (e.g. watch) (634)
賀正 gashō, a New Year’s greeting (630)
正解 seikai, correct answer (632)
正座する seiza suru, to sit with in the traditional Japanese
manner with your legs folded and your back straight (870)
正門 seimon, main gate (211)
正４時に shōyoji ni, at 4 o’clock sharp (135)
正義 seigi, justice (645)
正常 seijō, normal (718) (correct-usual)
正式な seishiki na, formal (295)
校正する kōsei suru, to proofread (21)
修正する shūsei suru, to revise, amend (704)
訂正する teisei suru, to correct (1617)
正午 shōgo, noon (110)
正面 shōmen, front, facade (395)
正方形 seihōkei, square (geometrical figure) (204, 104)
正味 shōmi, net weight (393)

42 SEI, SHŌ, birth, life;

• u(mareru), to be born;
生 • u(mu), to give birth;
5s • ha(eru), to grow, sprout (weeds); to cut (teeth)
• ha(yasu), to grow (beard) [to grow (hair) = 延ばす
/nobasu]
• o(u), to grow;
• shō(jiru), to happen, take place;
• i(kiru), to live;
• ki, pure, genuine;
growing plant • nama, raw
生活 seikatsu, livelihood, life (244)
誕生日 tanjōbi, birthday (1568, 62)
生け花 ikebana, flower arrangement (9)
先生 sensei, teacher, doctor (49)
18
生徒 seito, pupil (554)
生計を立てる seikei o tateru, to earn a living (105, 73)
生命保険 seimeihoken, life insurance (394, 787, 662)
教生 kyōsei, student teacher (101)
生ビ－ル namabiiru, draught beer
生で食べる nama de taberu, to eat raw (146)
生年月日 seinengappi, date of birth (64, 16, 62)
大学生 daigakusei, college student (53, 10)
一年生 ichinensei, first-year student, freshman (1, 64)
生存 seizon, existence (926)
生存者 seizonsha, survivor (926, 298)
生物 seibutsu, organism (387)
生物 ikimono, living thing (387)
生理学 seirigaku, physiology (220, 10)
生産 seisan, production (491)
大阪の生まれ Ōsaka no umare, a native of Osaka
生まれながらの umarenagara no…, a born…
一生 isshō, one’s (whole) life (1)
生涯 shōgai, lifetime (1069)
畜生 chikushō, Damn! Bugger! (1577)
生ぬるい namanurui, lukewarm, tepid
芝生 shibafu*, lawn (1335)
生憎 ainiku*, unfortunately (1532)

43 SEI, SHŌ, ao(i), blue, green, inexperienced;

ao(zameru), to turn pale
青 青年 seinen, youth, young man (64) (green years)
8s 青空 aozora, blue sky (15)
青森 Aomori (38)
growth around 青白い aojiroi, pale, pallid (65) (blue-white)
a full well 群青色 gunjōiro, navy blue (657, 145)
青物 aomono, greens (387)
青木 Aoki (69)

44 SEKI, yū, evening

夕方 yūgata, evening (204)
夕 七夕 Tanabata, the Star Festival [July 7th] (30)
3s unpitted 夕飯 yūhan, supper (565)
crescent moon 夕食 yūshoku, supper (146)

19
夕べ yūbe, evening
夕立ち yūdachi, shower (73) (evening-rising)
夕日 yūhi, setting sun (62)
夕暮れ yūgure, evening, twilight (1789)
夕闇 yūyami, dusk (--)
夕刊 yūkan, evening edition [newspaper] (636)
夕風 yūkaze, evening breeze (198)
朝夕 asayū, morning & evening, day & night (175)

45 SEKI, SHAKU, KOKU, ishi, stone, rock

石鹸 sekken, soap (--)
石 石油 sekiyu, oil, petroleum (400) (stone-oil)
5s 石炭 sekitan, coal (341)
宝石 hōseki, precious stone, gem, jewel (971)
岩石 ganseki, rock, boulder (249)
小石 ko’ishi, pebble (36) (small-stone)
大理石 dairiseki, marble (53, 220)
化石 kaseki, fossil (238) (change-stone)
磁石 jishaku, magnet (881)
石庭 sekitei, rock garden (352)
一石二鳥 isseki nichō, killing two birds with one stone (1, 61, 174)

46 SEKI, SHAKU, aka(i), red

赤ちゃん akachan, baby, infant
赤 赤ん坊 akanbō, baby (1807)
7s 赤飯 sekihan, rice cooked with red beans (565)
真っ赤 makka*, deep red, crimson (514) (true-red)
赤字 akaji, deficit, in the red (28)
赤十字 sekijūji, Red Cross (33, 28)
big fire: red 赤痢 sekiri, dysentery (1895) (red-diarrhoea)
glow 赤道 sekidō, equator (188) (red-road)
赤外線 sekigaisen, infra-red rays (91, 329)
赤面する sekimen suru, to blush, feel ashamed (395)
赤の他人 aka no ta’nin, a total/perfect stranger (334, 39)

47 SEN, chi, thousand

千円札 sen’en satsu, ¥1,000 note (4, 1304)
千 千葉県 Chiba-ken, Chiba Prefecture (405, 273) (1000 leaves)
3s 千代田区 Chiyoda-ku, Chiyoda Ward (338, 59, 465)
千里眼 senrigan, clairvoyance (219, 640) (1000-ri-eye)
20
48 SEN, kawa [gawa], river
小川 ogawa, creek, brook (36) (little-river)
川 川端 kawabata, riverside (1567) (river-edge)
3s 川下 kawashimo, downstream (7)
川上 kawakami, upstream (37)
江戸川 Edogawa, Edo River (1244, 108)
water flowing 谷川 tanigawa, mountain stream (122)
between two 川柳 senryū, short, humorous verse (1898)
banks 四川 Sichuan / Szechuan (26) (four-rivers)
天の川 amanogawa, Milky Way (58) (River of Heaven)

49 SEN, saki, previous, ahead; precede; ma(zu), first of all

先生 sensei, teacher, doctor (42)
先 お先にどうぞ o-saki ni dōzo, After you, please
6s お先に失礼します o-saki ni shitsurei shimasu, A set phrase:
said to one’s colleagues when leaving the workplace
優先席 yūsenseki, priority seat (984, 520)
先日 senjitsu, the other day (62)
person and 先週 senshū, last week (308)
stop 先月 sengetsu, last month (16)
先先週 sensenshū, the week before last (308)
先輩 senpai, one’s senior, superior (1688)
行き先 yukisaki, ikisaki, destination (118)
連絡先 renrakusaki, contact address (607, 1890)
先駆者 senkusha, pioneer, forerunner (1183, 298)
指先 yubisaki, fingertip (289)
先住 senjū, former occupant (310)

50 SŌ, haya(i), early, fast, prompt

お早う o-hayō, Good morning!
早 早春 sōshun, early spring (141)
6s 早口に話す hayakuchi ni hanasu, to speak quickly (20, 221)
早口言葉 hayakuchi kotoba, tongue-twister (20, 274, 405)
手早い tebayai, quick, nimble (32) (hand-fast)
足早 ashibaya, quick, light-footed (51) (foot-fast)
sun and 早めに hayame ni, earlier than expected
cutting 早送り hayaokuri, fast forward (331)
早産 sōzan, premature birth (491)
早期 sōki, early phase (251)
21
51 SOKU [ZOKU], ashi, foot, leg;
ta(riru), to be sufficient, to suffice
足 -soku, counter for footwear
7s 足跡 ashi’ato, footprint (1485)
足音 ashi’oto, footsteps (6) (foot-sound)
足首 ashikubi, ankle (139) (foot-neck)
foot and a 足袋 tabi*, tabi, Japanese (split-toe) socks (1546)
kneecap: 満足 manzoku, satisfaction (588) (full-sufficient)
lower leg 不足 fusoku, insufficiency; deficit (572)
蛇足 dasoku, superfluity (1341) (snake-legs)
三足 sanzoku, three pairs (of socks/shoes) (23)
自給自足 jikyūjisoku, self-sufficiency (134, 457, 134)

52 SON, mura, village

村民 sonmin, villager (590)
村 村人 murabito, villager (39)
7s 村長 sonchō, village mayor/head (173)
村道 sondō, village road (188)
tree and 村落 sonraku, hamlet (408)
measure 農村 nōson, farming village (366)
漁村 gyoson, fishing village (459)
無医村 muison, doctorless village (796, 225)
村八分 murahachibu, ostracism (66, 199)

53 DAI, TAI, ō(kii), big, large, great

tai(shite) + NEGATIVE, not very
大 大丈夫 daijōbu, (to be/ it’s) all right, O.K. (1415, 573)
3s 大阪 Ōsaka (--)
大学 daigaku, university, college (10) (big-study)
大学生 daigakusei, undergraduate (10, 42)
oo a person 大切な taisetsu na, important, precious (156) (big-cut)
standing with 大変 taihen, very (581)
arms and legs 大変な taihen na, tremendous, serious, terrible (581)
spread out 大人 otona*, adult (39)
大人しい otonashii*, gentle, meek (Japanese women before marriage)
大好きだ daisuki da, to love (859)
大嫌いだ daikirai da, to hate (1218)
大勢の ōzei no, many, a multitude of [people] (518)
大晦日 Ōmisoka, New Year’s Eve (--, 62)

22
うどんの大 kakeudon no dai, a large portion of udon
大盛で ōmori de, a large helping [of]
大統領 daitōryō, President (757, 806)
大臣 daijin, Minister (512)
大使 taishi, ambassador (287)
大使館 taishikan, Embassy (287, 247)
大都市 daitoshi, big city (355, 130)
最大の saidai no, biggest, largest, maximum (484)
巨大の kyodai no, huge, enormous, gigantic (1153)
大和 Yamato*, (old name for) Japan (416)
大正 Taishō, The Taishō era (1912-1926) (41)
大陸 tairiku, continent (597)
大仏 daibutsu, great statue of Buddha (784)
短大 tandai, Junior College (342)
大会 taikai, convention; tournament, assembly (87)
大戦 taisen, World War (526)
大声 ōgoe, loud voice (153)

54 DAN, NAN, otoko, man, male

男性 dansei, male, man (723) (man-gender)
男 男子 danshi, boy, man (25) (man-child)
7s 男の子 otoko no ko, boy (25)
男性的な danseiteki na, masculine, manly (723, 551)
男らしい otokorashii, masculine, manly
paddy power 美男子 bidanshi, handsome man (376, 25)
大男 ōotoko, tall/large man (53)
長男 chōnan, eldest son (173) (senior/long-son)
次男 jinan, second son (292) (next-son)
三男 san’nan, third son (23)
男気 otokogi, gallantry (11) (male-spirit)

55 CHŪ, naka, middle, within, inside

中学校 chūgakkō, middle school (10, 21)
中 中国 chūgoku, China (123) (middle kingdom)
4s 中央 chūō, centre, middle (429)
an arrow 中心 chūshin, centre (of a town/typhoon),
piercing the heart (of the problem), middle (of a circle) (147)
centre of the 使用中 shiyōchū, in use, occupied (287, 215)
target 背中 senaka, back (957)

23
真中 mannaka, middle (514) (true middle)
中身 nakami, contents (of a container) (323)
中級 chūkyū, intermediate (e.g. Japanese) (255)
中古の chūko no, used, secondhand (109)
中止になる chūshi ni naru, to be suspended, called off (129)
中年の chūnen no, middle-aged (64)
集中 shūchū, concentration (309) (gather-inside)
授業中 jugyōchū, in/during class (702, 260)
建築中 kenchikuchū, under construction (473, 751)
お中元 o-chūgen, midyear (July 15) gift (106)
Every year, you see many for sale, and some are sold
中産階級 chūsankaikyū, middle class (491, 242, 255)
中東 chūtō, Middle East (184)
中欧 chūō, Central Europe (1034)
中世 chūsei, Middle Ages (327)
中西部 chūseibu, Midwest (152, 384)
中ジョッキ chūjokki, medium-sized beer mug
中立 chūritsu, neutrality (73) (middle-stand)
途中 tochū, on the way, en route (1635)
世界中 sekaijū, all over the world (327, 240)
一日中 ichinichijū, all day long (1, 62)
日本中 nihonjū, throughout/ all over Japan (62, 70)
夜中 yonaka, dead of night (212)
世の中 yo no naka, life, society, the world (327)
中指 nakayubi, middle finger (289)
中旬 chūjun, the middle third of the month (1873)
[in between 上旬 jōjun and 下旬 gejun]
中道を行く chūdō o iku, to take the golden mean (188, 118)

56 CHŪ, mushi, insect, bug, worm

虫歯 mushiba, decayed tooth (290)
虫 昆虫 konchū, insect, bug (1276) (insect-insect)
6s 水虫 mizumushi, athlete’s foot (40)
殺虫剤 sacchūzai, insecticide (488, 1296)
a partly-coiled 虫害 chūgai, insect damage (437)
snake 害虫 gaichū, harmful insect, pest (437)
虫眼鏡 mushimegane, magnifying glass (640, 462)
爬虫類 hachūrui, reptiles (--, 602)
南京虫 nankinmushi, bedbug (190, 99) (south-capital-bug)
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57 CHŌ, machi, town; block, quarter
港町 minatomachi, port (town) (280)
町 下町 shitamachi, downtown (7)
7s 有楽町 Yūrakuchō (401, 218)
paths through 町会 chōkai, town council (87)
fields: 町内会 chōnaikai, neighbourhood association (364, 87)
a place where 町長 chōchō, town mayor (173)
fields join: 町役場 machiyakuba, town government office (397, 144)
area/ 町並み michinami, row of stores and houses (1775)
community 田舎町 inakamachi, country town (59, 700)
町外れ machihazure, outskirts of a town (91)

58 TEN, ame, sky, heaven

天気 tenki, weather (11)
4s 天 天井 tenjō, ceiling (1470)
天皇 tennō, Emperor [of Japan] (861)
天国 tengoku, heaven (123) (sky-country)
天下り amakudari, ‘golden parachuting’ (7)
天の川 amanogawa, Milky Way (48) (River of Heaven)
天使 tenshi, angel (287)
天然 ten’nen, nature (528)
天才 tensai, genius (126)
天災 tensai, natural disaster (680)
天気予報 tenkiyohō, weather forecast (11, 403, 789)
青天 seiten, cloudless sky, fine weather (43)
天文学 tenmongaku, astronomy (68, 10)
天文台 tenmondai, observatory (68, 166)
天野 Amano (213)

59 DEN, ta [da], rice field, paddy

田舎 inaka,* countryside (700) (paddy-house)
田 田植え taue, rice planting (321) (rice-plant)
5s 油田 yuden, oil field (400)
田畑 tahata, field, estate (369) (field, dry-field)
a rice field 田園 den’en, rural district (234) (paddy-garden)
crossed by 千代田線 Chiyoda Sen, Chiyoda Line (47, 338, 329)
ridges/paths 三田線 Mita Sen (23, 329)
小田急線 Odakyū Sen (36, 254, 329)

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60 DO, TO, tsuchi, earth, soil
土曜日 dōyobi, Saturday (216, 62)
土 お土産 o-miyage*, souvenir, present (491)
3s 土地 tochi, ground, plot (167)
領土 ryōdo, territory (806)
土俵 dohyō, the sumo ring (775)
土器 doki, earthenware (452)
土用 doyō, the dog days, 18 days between summer and
autumn, the hottest time of the year (215)
土用丑の日 doyō ushi no hi, a day in midsummer on which
Japanese people eat unagi: it gives them strength in the heat
土木 doboku, engineering, public works (69)
土人 dojin, native (39)

61 NI, two; futa(tsu), two, two years old

二人 futari, two people (39)
二 二日 futsuka, two days; the 2nd of the month (62)
2s 二回 nikai, twice (86)
二世 nisei, second generation (Japanese) (327)
二十日 hatsuka*, 20 days, 20th day of the month (33, 62)
二十歳 hatachi*, 20 years of age (33, 1294)
二塁 nirui, second base (1918)

62 NICHI, JITSU, hi, day, sun; ~ka, suffix for counting days
(see 1*, 61, 23, 26, 19, 76, 30, 66, 12, 33)
日 日本 Nihon, Nippon, Japan (70) (sun’s-root)
4s 日本酒 nihonshu, sake, rice wine (70, 302)
今日 kyō*, today (125)
明日 asu*, ashita*, myōnichi, tomorrow (208)
昨日 kinō*, sakugetsu, sakujitsu, yesterday (486)
日曜日 nichiyōbi, Sunday (216)
本日 honjitsu, today (70) (source day)
平日 heijitsu, weekday (388)
毎日 mainichi, every day (206)
日付 hizuke, date (574)
生年月日 seinengappi, date of birth (42, 64, 16)
日用品 nichiyōhin, daily necessities (215, 382)
先日 senjitsu, the other day (49)
日記 nikki, diary, journal (95) (chronicle of the day)

26
日光 nikkō, sunshine (116)
来日する rainichi suru, to come to Japan (217)
元日 ganjitsu, New Year’s Day (106)
日の丸 hinomaru, the Japanese flag (830)
朝日 asahi, morning sun (175)
日の出 hi no de, sunrise (34)
日の入り hi no iri, sunset (63)

63 NYŪ, i(ru), hai(ru), to enter, attend; to join; i(reru), to put in

入口 iriguchi, entrance (20)
入 記入 kinyū, entry (in your bankbook; in a ledger) (95)
2s 押し入れ oshi’ire, closet (1033)
入学する nyūgaku suru, to enter a school, matriculate (10)
入社する nyūsha suru, to enter/join a company (137)
一カ月の収入 ikkagetsu no shūnyū, monthly income (16, 703)
クラブに入る kurabu ni hairu, to join a club
入国 nyūkoku, immigration (123)
入居する nyūkyo suru, to move into a house/flat (649)
入金する nyūkin suru, to deposit money (14)
入会金 nyūkaikin, entrance/enrolment fee (87, 14)
輸入 yunyū, import (799)
入れ物 iremono, container, receptacle (387)

64 NEN, toshi, year

去年 kyonen, last year (258)
年 今年 kotoshi, this year (125)
6s 来年 rainen, next year (217)
毎年 mainen, every year (206)
半年 hantoshi, six months (195)
六年生 rokunensei, sixth-grade pupil (76, 42)
a person 年寄り toshiyori, old person (642)
bending to cut 年をとった toshi o totta, old [person, animal]
rice A は私より二つ年が上です – A wa watashi yori futatsu toshi
ga ue desu, A is two years older than me
年収 nenshū, annual income (703)
年賀状 nengajō, New Year’s card (630, 717)
年度 nendo, fiscal/academic year (356)
年金 nenkin, pension (14)
忘年会 bōnenkai, year-end party (974, 87) (forget-year)

27
65 HAKU, BYAKU, shiro(i), white
面白い omoshiroi, interesting, amusing (395) (face-white)
白 白鳥 hakuchō, swan (174) (white-bird)
5s 白人 hakujin, Caucasian (39)
白髪 shiraga, grey hair (1706)
白墨 hakuboku, chalk (1821) In this technologically
advanced country, teachers have to write with chalk.
白菜 hakusai, Chinese cabbage (483)
青白い aojiroi, pale, pallid (43)
明白な meihaku na, clear, plain, obvious (208)
白状する hakujō suru, to confess (to a wrongdoing) (717)
自白する jihaku suru, to confess (a crime) (134)
告白する kokuhaku suru, to confess (a secret) (481)
白黒 shirokuro, black-and-white, right or wrong (124)

66 HACHI, eight; yat(tsu), eight, eight years old

八百 happyaku, eight hundred (67)
八 八日 yōka, eight days; the 8th of the month (62)
2s Bend down 3 八百屋 yaoya, greengrocer’s (67, 236)
middle fingers, 八つ当たり yatsuatari, outbursts of anger (towards your
extend thumb loved ones) (183)
and little finger 尺八 shakuhachi, a bamboo flute (884)
八頭身 hattōshin, well-proportioned figure (186, 323)

67 HYAKU, hundred
三百 sanbyaku, three hundred (23)
百 千九百年代 senkyūhyakunendai, the 1900’s (47, 12, 64, 338)
6s one thumbnail 百貨店 hyakkaten, department store (432, 178)
(the thumb 百科事典 hyakkajiten, encyclopaedia (81, 293, 552)
indicated 100) 八百屋 yaoya, greengrocer’s (66, 236)
嘘八百 uso happyaku, a pack of lies (--, 66)

68 BUN, fumi, letter, sentence, writings, text

MON, ancient unit of money
文 文化 bunka, culture (238)
4s 文明 bunmei, civilization (208)
intricately 文房具 bunbōgu, stationery items (1809, 65)
patterned 注文 chūmon, order [in restaurant] (344)
overlaid collar 文字 moji, monji, letter, character (28)
文学部 bungakubu, Faculty of Literature (10, 384)
28
作文 sakubun, composition, writing (127)
文句を言う monku o iu, to complain (655, 274)
論文 ronbun, thesis, research paper (996)
文部省 Monbushō, Ministry of Education (384, 516)

69 MOKU, BOKU, ki, tree, wood

木製の mokusei no, wooden, made of wood (726)
木 木造の mokuzō no, wooden (739)
4s 土木 doboku, public works; civil engineering (60)
材木 zaimoku, lumber, timber (485)
雑木林 zōkibayashi, a grove of mixed trees (687, 75)
a tree with 木立ち kodachi, grove, thicket (73)
sweeping 木の葉 ko no ha, foliage (405)
branches 植木 ueki, garden plant (321)
木綿 momen*, cotton (798)
木星 mokusei, Jupiter (154)
木目 kime, grain, texture (72)

70 HON [B-/P-], book; head, main; origin, source; root, base;

true; this … ; counter for long, slender objects
本 MOTO, basis; counter for grass
5s 日本 Nihon, Nippon, Japan (62)
本日 honjitsu, today (62) (true/main/root-day)
本州 Honshū (304) (main province)
本当 hontō, true, real (183) (true-apply)
本当に hontō ni, really, truly; very (183)
本当の話 hontō no hanashi, a true story (221)
本音 honne, real thoughts [OPP. tatemae] (6)
一本 ippon, one (bottle, pencil, rod etc.) (1)
(sanbon, roppon, happon, kyūhon, jippon)
見本 mihon, sample, specimen (18)
手本 tehon, model, example (32)
お手本の通りに。。。o-tehon no toori ni, following the example
基本的に kihonteki ni, basically, fundamentally (641, 551)
本能的に honnōteki ni, instinctively, from instinct (766, 551)
本屋 hon’ya, bookshop (236)
絵本 ehon, picture book (89)
本箱 honbako, bookcase (1703)
読本 tokuhon, reader, primer (189)

29
本年度 honnendo, this/the current fiscal year (64, 356)
本店 honten, head office/store (178)
本部 honbu, head office, headquarters (384)
資本 shihon, capital, funds (694)
資本主義 shihonshugi, capitalism (299, 645)

71 MEI, MYŌ, name, fame; na, name

名前 namae, name (159)
名 有名な yūmei na, famous, well-known (401)
6s 名刺 meishi, business card (1314)
20 名 20 mei, 20 people
氏名 shimei, full name (495)
名字 myōji, surname (28)
本名 honmyō, real name (70)
名付ける nazukeru, to name (574)
evening + 命名する meimei suru, to christen (394)
mouth: 名古屋 Nagoya (109, 236)
= call a name 仮名 kana [as in hiragana☺ and katakana ] (625)
in the twilight 名物 meibutsu, local specialty (Niigata rice, Aomori
apples, Yamanashi grapes, Gunma kon’nyaku, Chiba nuts…)
名所 meisho, place of interest (312)
名産 meisan, noted product, specialty (491)
名月 meigetsu, harvest moon (see 16)
名声を得る meisei o eru, to attain fame (153, 761)
名探偵コナン meitantei KONAN, “great detective Conan”
(930, 1619)
名人 meijin, an expert (39)
名作 meisaku, masterpiece (127)
名画 meiga, classic film; famous painting (85)
名案 meian, excellent idea (418)

72 MOKU, me, eye; also used as an ordinal suffix

目を開ける me o akeru, to open one’s eyes (241)
目 目を閉じる me o tojiru, to close one’s eyes (968)
5s 目を覚ます me o samasu, to wake up (439)
始めて御目にかかります hajimete o-me ni kakarimasu,
I am pleased to meet you [polite form]
目眩がする memai ga suru, to feel dizzy (--)
目玉 medama, eyeball (102)

30
目蓋 mabuta, eyelid (--)
二番目 nibanme, the second… (61, 196)
三丁目 sanchōme, the third block (in an address) (23, 346)
目次 mokuji, table of contents (292) (eye-follow/next)
目的で mokuteki de, for the purpose of (551) (eye-target)
目的を果たす mokuteki o hatasu, achieve one’s aim (551, 627)
科目 kamoku, course subject (81)
注目 chūmoku, attention, notice (344)
注目の的 chūmoku no mato, object of attention (344, 551)
目標に mokuhyō ni, with the goal/aim of… (571)
目標を立てる mokuhyō o tateru, to set a goal (571, 73)
目上 meue, one’s superior (37) (eye-above)
目下 meshita, one’s subordinate (7) (eye-below)
目が見えない me ga mienai, blind (18)
盲目の mōmoku no, blind (1852)
盲目的な服従 mōmokuteki na fukujū, blind obedience (385,
891)
目立つ medatsu, to stand out, be conspicuous (73)
目印 mejirushi, mark, sign (425)
ひどい目に会う hidoi me ni au, to have a terrible experience
辛い目に会う tsurai me ni au, to have a bitter experience
一目惚れ hitomebore, love at first sight (1, --)
一目で hitome de, at a glance (1)
目方が増える mekata ga fueru, to put on weight (204, 741)
目方が減る mekata ga heru, to lose weight (204, 667)

73 RITSU, RYŌ, ta(tsu), to rise, to stand;

ta(teru), to raise (旗 hata/flag, 声 koe/voice); to make (計画
立 keikaku/plans); to develop (仮説 kasetsu/hypothesis)
5s 立ち読み tachiyomi, bookshop browsing (189)
[an excellent Japanese custom, which must be maintained]
a person 立ち小便 tachishōben, pissing in public (36, 582)
standing on 立入禁止 tachi-iri kinshi, Keep Out (63, 654, 129)
the ground; 立入厳禁 tachi-iri genkin, Keep Out (63, 854, 654)
stand still – [as construction work is ubiquitous in this nature-loving
stand up – nation, these signs are commonly to be beheld]
leave 立場 tachiba, point of view (144)
立ち上がる tachiagaru, to get up, rise, stand (37)
立派な rippa na, splendid, magnificent (955)
31
独立 dokuritsu, independence (763)
独立を勝ち取る dokuritsu o kachitoru, to gain independence
(763, 319, 301)
自立 jiritsu, independence (134)
国立の kokuritsu no, national (123)
国立の公園 kokuritsu no kōen, National Park (123, 277, 234)
市立の shiritsu no, municipal (130)
私立の shiritsu no, private (school etc.) (876)
中立 chūritsu, neutrality (55) (middle-stand)
両立 ryōritsu, coexistence, compatibility (411)
対立 tairitsu, confrontation, opposition (336)
意見の対立 iken no tairitsu, differences of opinion (226, 18..)
目立つ medatsu, to stand out (72)
役立つ yakudatsu, to be of use (397)
役立てる yakudateru, to put to use, to make use of (397)
夕立 yūdachi, sudden evening shower (44)
腹を立てる、腹が立つ hara o tateru, hara ga tatsu, to get
angry, to lose one’s temper (965)
立食パ－テイ rishoku pātei, buffet party (146)

74 RIKI, RYOKU, chikara, strength, power, effort

力士 rikishi, Sumo wrestler (494)
力 人力車 jinrikisha, rickshaw (39, 31) (person-power-vehicle)
2s 努力 doryoku, endeavour, effort (555)
努力家 doryokuka, hard worker (555, 83)
協力 kyōryoku, co-operation, collaboration (461)
flexed arm 暴力 bōryoku, violence, force (793)
効力 kōryoku, efficacy (671)
能力 nōryoku, ability (766)
能力がある nōryoku ga aru, to be able/competent
能力がない nōryoku ga nai, to be incapable/incompetent
計算の能力を持っている keisan no nōryoku o motte iru,
to have a head for figures (105, 128)
語学の力 gogaku no chikara, linguistic ability (112, 10)
重力 jūryoku, gravitation [the attractive force between
two objects which have mass] (311)
引力 inryoku, gravity [the gravitational force involving
the Earth] (77)

32
圧力 atsuryoku, pressure (612)
魅力 miryoku, charm, appeal, attraction (--)
原子力 genshiryoku, nuclear power (107, 25)
実力 jitsuryoku, competence, ability (296)
力作 rikisaku, masterpiece (127)
力がある chikara ga aru, to be strong
力持 chikaramochi, strong person (294)
力試し chikaradameshi, test of strength (499)

75 RIN, hayashi, wood(s), forest

林檎 ringo, apple (--)
林 林学 ringaku, forestry (10)
8s 植林 shokurin, reforestation (321)
造林 zōrin, afforestation, reforestation (739)
農林 nōrin, agriculture and forestry (366)
松林 matsubayashi, pine forest (1394)
密林 mitsurin, dense/thick forest, jungle (978)
原始林 genshirin, primeval forest (107, 288)

76 ROKU, six; mut(tsu), six, six years old

六月 rokugatsu, June (16)
六 六日 muika, six days; the 6th of the month (62)
4s A clenched fist 第六感 dairokkan, sixth sense (339, 246)
六角 rokkaku, hexagon (243)
六本木 Roppongi (70, 69) [an over-rated, overpriced
and seedy area of Tokyo; the reader is referred to the
etymology in the column to the left]

33