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Conditionals

The document discusses different types of conditionals in English: 1. The zero conditional describes rules and situations where one event always follows another using the structure "if + present, present". 2. The first conditional talks about possible future events using the structure "if + present, will/won't + infinitive". 3. The second conditional talks about imagined, impossible, or unlikely future situations using the structure "if + past simple, would/could/might + infinitive". 4. The third conditional talks about past situations that did not happen using the structure "if + past perfect, would have + past participle".

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91 views

Conditionals

The document discusses different types of conditionals in English: 1. The zero conditional describes rules and situations where one event always follows another using the structure "if + present, present". 2. The first conditional talks about possible future events using the structure "if + present, will/won't + infinitive". 3. The second conditional talks about imagined, impossible, or unlikely future situations using the structure "if + past simple, would/could/might + infinitive". 4. The third conditional talks about past situations that did not happen using the structure "if + past perfect, would have + past participle".

Uploaded by

Vera Atanasova
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONDITIONALS

ZERO CONDITIONAL

1. We use the Zero Conditional to describe rules and situations where one event always follow
the other:
If you freeze water, it turns to ice.
If you are kind to others, they are kind to you.
If you eat a lot of chocolate, you put on weight.

In these sentences if=when

If clause / condition main clause / consequence


If + Present Simple Present Simple

The if clause can come at the beginning of the sentence or after the main clause. When it comes at
the beginning, we put a comma (,)

If you eat a lot of chocolate, you put on weight.

You put on weight, if you eat a lot of chocolate.

FIRST CONDITIONAL

1. We use the First Conditional:


a) To talk about possible future events which depend on other future events.
If the rain stops, the match will begin.
If you go to the Science Museum, you will see a lot of interesting exhibitions.
If clause / condition main clause / consequence
If + Present Simple Will / won’t + infinitive without to

The if clause can come at the beginning of the sentence or after the main clause. When it
comes at the beginning, we put a comma (,)

If the rain stops, the match will begin.

The match will begin, if the rain stops.

!!!!!!! OTHER PATTERNS ARE POSSIBLE, ESPECIALLY USING MODAL VERBS:

If you have time, we can go for a walk this evening.


b) To give someone advice or an order, and to make a suggestion or a request:
If you feel sleepy, go to bed.
If you see Peter, tell him to phone me.
If clause main clause
If + Present Simple imperative

He doesn’t wear a tie unless he has to.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

1. To talk about imagined, impossible of unlikely situations and events in the future.
If I became an, I’d fight for animal rights
If the sun stopped shining, the plants would disapper.
2. To talk about impossible present situation:
If I lived closer to school, I wouldn’t have to get up so early. (the situation is unreal and
the sentence refers to the present.)

If I had more time, I wouldn’t eat fast food.

3. We can use if I were you to give advice:

If I were you, I would tell you the true.

If clause / condition main clause, consequen


If+ past simple would, could, maight + infinitive

THIRD CONDITIONAL

It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and
to imagine the result of this situation.

 if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle



 if she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and
so she didn't pass)
 If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did feel sick).
 If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
 She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier
 She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university
 He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine

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