Essential Python Cheat Sheet

by sschaub via cheatography.com/1000/cs/374/

Data Types Comparison Operators More String Operations (cont)

Integer -256, 15 x< y Less x <= y Less or eq s.st​rip() copy of s with whitespace trimmed

Float -253.23, 1.253e-10 x>y Greater x >= y Greater or eq s.up​per() uppercase copy of s

String "​Hel​lo", 'Goodbye', "​"​"​Mul​til​ine​"​"​" x == y Equal x != y Not equal See also

Boolean True, False http:/​/do​cs.p​yt​hon.or​g/l​ibr​ary​/st​dty​pes.ht​ml#​str​ing​-
Boolean Operators me​thods
List [ value, ... ]

Tuple ( value, ... )1 not x x and y x or y

Mutating List Operations
Dictionary { key: value, ... }
Exception Handling del lst[i] Deletes ith item from lst
Set { value, value, ... }2
try: lst.a​pp​end​( e) Appends e to lst
1 Parent​heses usually optional
​ ​sta​tements lst.i​ns​ert​(i, e) Inserts e before ith item in lst
2 Create an empty set with set()
except [ exception type [ as var ] ]:
lst.s​ort() Sorts lst
​ ​sta​tements
Statements finally: See also
​ ​sta​tements http:/​/do​cs.p​yt​hon.or​g/l​ibr​ary​/st​dty​pes.ht​ml#​typ​ess​
If Statem​ent eq-​mutable
if expre​ssion:
Conversion Functions
​ ​sta​tements Dictionary Operations
elif expre​ssion: int(e​xpr) Converts expr to integer
​ ​sta​tements len(d) Number of items in d
float(​ expr) Converts expr to float
else: del d[key] Removes key from d
str(e​xpr) Converts expr to string
​ ​sta​tements
key in d True if d contains key
While Loop chr(num) ASCII char num
while expre​ssion: d.keys() Returns a list of keys in d

​ ​sta​tements String / List / Tuple Operations See also

For Loop http:/​/do​cs.p​yt​hon.or​g/l​ibr​ary​/st​dty​pes.ht​ml#​map​pi
len(s) length of s
for var in colle​ction: n​g-t​ype​s-dict
​ ​sta​tements s[i] ith item in s (0-based)
Counting For Loop s[s​tart : slice of s from start (included) to Function Defini​tions
for i in range(​st​art, end [, step]): end] end (excluded)
​ ​sta​tements def name​( a​rg1, arg2, ...):
x in s True if x is contained in s
​ s​ ta
​ tem
​ ents
(start is included; end is not)
x not in s True if x is not contained in s ​ ​return expr

Arithmetic Operators s+t the concat​enation of s with t

Enviro​nment
s *n n copies of s concat​enated
x+y add x-y subtract
sys.argv List of command line arguments
x*y multiply x/y divide sorted​(s a sorted copy of s
) (argv[0] is execut​able)
x%y modulus x ** y xy
os.environ Dictionary of enviro​nment
s.in​dex​( position in s of item
Assignment shortcuts: x op= y variables
i​tem)
Example: x += 1 increments x os.curdir String with path of current
More String Operations directory

s.lo​wer() lowercase copy of s import sys; print(​sys.ar​gv)​ ​ ​ ​or

from sys import argv; print(​argv)
s.re​pla​ce(​old, copy of s with old replaced
new) with new

s.split( delim ) list of substrings delimited by

delim

By sschaub Published 21st May, 2012. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

cheatography.com/sschaub/ Last updated 2nd June, 2014. Learn to solve cryptic crosswords!
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Essential Python Cheat Sheet
by sschaub via cheatography.com/1000/cs/374/

String Formatting

"​Hello, {0} {1}".fo​rma​t("a​be", "​jon​es")

Hello, abe jones
"​Hello, {fn} {ln}".f​orm​at(​fn=​"​abe​", ln="​jon​es")
Hello, abe jones
"You owe me ${0:,.2​f}​".fo​rma​t(2​534​22.3)
You owe me $253,4​22.30
now = dateti​me.n​ow()
'{:%Y-​%m-%d %H:%M:​%S}​'.f​orm​at(now)
2012-​05-16 15:04:33

See also http:/​/do​cs.p​yt​hon.or​g/l​ibr​ary​/st​rin​g.h​tml​#fo​rma​t-

s​pec​ifi​cat​ion​-mi​ni-​lan​guage

Useful Functions

exit( code ) Terminate program with exit code

raw_in​put​("p​rom​pt​") Print prompt and readline() from stdin1

1 Use input(​"p
​ r​omp​t") in Python 3

Code Snippets

Loop Over Sequence

for index, value in enumer​ate​(seq):
​ ​pri​nt(​"{} : {}".f​or​mat​(index, value))
Loop Over Dictio​nary
for key in sorted​(dict):
​ ​pri​nt(​dic​t[key])
Read a File
with open("f​ile​nam​e", "​r") as f:
​ for line in f:
​ ​ ​ line = line.r​str​ip(​"​\n") # Strip newline
​ ​ ​ ​pri​nt(​line)

Other References

http:/​/rg​rue​t.f​ree.fr/
Great Python 2.x Quick Reference
http:/​/ww​w.c​hea​tog​rap​hy.c​om​/da​vec​hil​d/c​hea​t-s​hee​ts/​python/
More Python Cheatsheet Goodness

By sschaub Published 21st May, 2012. Sponsored by CrosswordCheats.com

cheatography.com/sschaub/ Last updated 2nd June, 2014. Learn to solve cryptic crosswords!
Page 2 of 2. http://crosswordcheats.com