International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)

Solar LED Street Light System with Automatic

Scheme

Omveer Singh, IEEE Sr. Member Tushar Singh Sisodia

Electrical Engineering Department Electrical Engineering Department
Gautam Buddha University Gautam Buddha University
Greater Noida, India Greater Noida, India
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Abstract— In this paper, the researchers demonstrate the The Infrared sensor at the starting point of the road detects
idea of adaptive street light application system. First of all they the number of vehicle or person entering the road whereas the
generate the energy from non-conventional energy source.
Infrared sensor at the end point of the road detects the number
Further, they used in application of street light system. Use of
light dependent resistor sensor for light operation in day and of vehicle or person leaving the road [1-6].
night according to the condition, light operated in dim mode
when any person come on the road then system automatically II. PROBLEM STRUCTURE
sense this condition and operate the light in the mode of higher
intensity. Discussed below are the components, which are used to
constitute this paper:
1. Solar Panel: The solar panel is the device which is
Keywords— Solar Cell, Street Light, Automatic, used to convert the light energy into the electrical
Microprocessor energy. A photovoltaic module is a packaged,
I. INTRODUCTION connect assembly of photovoltaic solar cells.
Photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic
This Paper has been divided in three parts, which is Energy array of a photovoltaic system that generates and
supplies solar electricity in commercial applications.
Generation mode, Energy Conservation mode, and
Application mode. In the Energy Generation mode, the 2. Battery: An electric battery is a device consisting of
engineers generate the energy with the help of Solar Panel one or more electrochemical cells with external
whereas in the Energy Conservation mode, they use the connections provided to power electrical devices
adaptive application and technique with embedded system. such as flashlights and smartphones. When a battery
They have used the Light Dependent Resistor sensor that is supplying electric power, its positive terminal is
sense the day and night and it operate the light on the different the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode.
intensity modes that provide the sufficient light energy on the
3. Capacitor: The capacitors are the devices used to
roads and also saves the electricity. When the roads are empty,
reduce the noise and also used in the filtration.
the lights operates on the dim mode of 25% intensity of the
light, and when the vehicle or any person enters the road the 4. Voltage Regulator: A voltage regulator is designed to
intensity of the light increases to 50%, the further increase in automatically maintain a constant voltage level. A
the number of vehicle or person the intensity of the light keeps voltage regulator may be a simple “feed-forward”
on increasing to 75% to 100% at last. design or may include negative feedback control
loops. It may use an electromechanical mechanism,
Now when the traffic on the road started decreasing the
or electronic components. Depending on the design,
intensity of the street light keeps on decreasing to 75% to 50% it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC
and finally when the road is empty the light intensity reduced voltages.
to the 25%, sufficient enough for the visibility and safe
enough for the displacement on the road. This operation is 5. Crystal Oscillator: The crystal oscillator is an
demonstrated with the help of two pairs of Infrared sensors electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical
placed at the starting point of the road and at the end point of resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric
material to create an electrical signal with a precise
the road.
frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep
(978-1-5386-1887-5/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE)
track of time, as in quartz wristwatches, to provide a

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International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)

stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system
to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters and or by a conventional nonvolatile memory
receivers. The most common type of piezoelectric programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU
resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S51
circuits. The crystal oscillator of 12 Mhz is used in is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly
this paper. flexible and cost effective solution to many
embedded control applications. The AT89S51
6. Light Dependent Resistor: A Light Dependent provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of
Resistor is a device whose resistivity is a function of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit
the incident electromagnetic radiation. Hence, they timer/counters, five vector two-level interrupt
are light sensitive devices. They are also called as architecture, a full duplex serial port, , and on-chip
photo conductors, photo conductive cells or simply oscillator and clock circuitry [1].
photocells. They are made up of semiconductor
materials having high resistance. III. PROCEDURAL WAY
In this paper, the researchers have used 89S51
7. Infrared sensor: An infrared sensor is an electronic
Microcontroller, family member of the 8051 family. Supply
instrument which is used to sense certain
voltage of the microcontroller is 5 volt dc. For this purpose
characteristics of its surroundings by either emitting
they have convert the battery voltage into 5 volt dc with the
or detecting infrared radiation. Infrared sensors are
help of the 5 voltage regulator circuit. For this purpose they
also capable of measuring the heat being emitted by
have used 7805 regulator to regulate the high voltage into 5
an object and detecting motion.
volt dc. One capacitor is ground from the regulator for
filtration. The Capacitor reduces the noise. Output of the
8. Light-emitting diode: A light-emitting diode is a two-
regulator is connected to the pin no 40 of the controller
lead semiconductor light source. It is a p-n junction
directly.
diode that emits light when activated. When a
suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are
able to recombine with electron holes within the
device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This
effect is called electroluminescence, and the color of
the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon)
is determined by the energy band gap of the
semiconductor. LED’s are typically small (less than 1
mm2) and integrated optical components may be
used to shape the radiation pattern.

9. Seven segment display: A Seven-segment display is a

form of electronic display device for displaying
decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more
complex dot matrix displays. Seven-segment displays
are widely used in digital clocks and other electronic
devices that display numerical information.

10. Resistor: A Resistor is a passive two-terminal

electrical component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits,
resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal
levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and
terminate transmission lines, among other uses.
Figure 1: Circuit diagram
11. Microcontroller AT89S51: The AT89S51 is a low- One crystal is connected to the pin no 18 and 19 of the
power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit controller to provide an oscillation signal. For this purpose
microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash they have used 12 Mhz crystal. Two capacitors are grounded
Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory from the crystal to reduce the noise .In this paper they have
(PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s used two logic. One is light sensitive logic and second is road
high density nonvolatile memory technology and is sensor logic. When sensor is in dark then all the lights are on
compatible with the industry standard MCS-51™ and when sensor is in light then all the lights are off. This is
instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows done by the light sensor (LDR). LDR is a light dependent

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International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)

resistor, when light fall on the LDR then LDR offers a low
resistance and when LDR is in dark then LDR offers a high
jnb p1.1,increment
resistance. Here in this paper they have used the LDR with
npn transistor circuit. Emitter of the npn transistor is jnb p1.2,decrement
connected to the ground and collector is connected to the pin sjmp switch
no 3 of the controller. When LDR is in light then there is low
positive on the base of the npn transistor and collector is
become more negative. increment:
When LDR is in dark then there is no base voltage and
hence collector becomes more positive. Microcontroller sense
this change of voltage and switch on the output led which is inc r3
connected to the port 0. Output LED’s are connected with the
port 0 through the resistance in series, here in this they have sjmp com
used 3 LED’s. Common point of the LED is connected with decrement:
the positive line. Out of 3 all LED’s are on with intensity of
25%. Our second part of this paper is infrared sensor. In this dec r3
logic when any car crosses the first infrared sensor then all the sjmp com
led are on with the higher intensity of 50% and if the traffic
continue then LEDs are on with the increased intensity of 75%
and 100%. But, if there is no car present on the road then com:
again all LEDs are on with 25% intensity. For this purpose we
use two infrared sensor circuits. mov a,r3
Here in this paper the engineers have used infra-red sensor cjne a,#00,p1
and one photodiode circuit when light fall on the photo sensor
mov p2,#10101010b
then resistance of photos sensor become low and hence
negative voltage is applied to the controller, when an car cross mov p0,#11000000b
the photodiode and then photo diode resistance become high
sjmp start
and hence signal is change on the pin no 2 of the controller.
As the controller sense this change of signal on pin then all the
light are on. p1:
IV. IMPLEMENTATION TECHNIQUE mov a,r3
The program in this paper has been written in the assembly cjne a,#01,k1
language in 8051 ide software.
mov p2,#00
Implemented program:
mov p0,#11111001b ; display 1
sjmp start
org 00
k1:
sjmp main
mov a,r3
cjne a,#02,k2
main:
mov p2,#00
MOV P2,a
mov p0,#11111001b ; display 1
mov p0,#11000000b
sjmp start
mov r3,#00
jnb p1.0,start
k2:
sjmp main
mov a,r3
cjne a,#02,k3
mov p2,#00
start: mov p2,#10101010b
mov p0,#10100100b ; display 2
jb p1.0,main
sjmp start

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International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)

mov p2,#00
k3: mov p0,#10000000b ; display 8
mov a,r3 ljmp start
cjne a,#03,k4
mov p2,#00 k9:
mov p0,#10110000b ; display 3 ljmp start
sjmp start Once the software is complete and there is no error then we
transfer this hex code into the blank integrated circuit with the
help of the serial port programmer circuit.
k4:
mov a,r3
cjne a,#04,k5
mov p2,#00
mov p0,#10011001b ; display 4
sjmp start

k5:
mov a,r3
cjne a,#05,k6
mov p2,#00
mov p0,#10010010b ; display 5
sjmp start
Figure 2: Day time (Light intensity: 0 percent)

k6:
mov a,r3
cjne a,#06,k7
mov p2,#00
mov p0,#10000011b ; display 6
sjmp start

k7:
mov a,r3
cjne a,#07,k8
mov p2,#00
mov p0,#11111000b ; display 7
ljmp start
Figure 3: Night time with no vehicle on the road (Light intensity: 25
percent)
k8:
mov a,r3
cjne a,#08,k9

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International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS-2017)

percent and this is also verified by the experimental results.

Then, night time with no vehicle on the road test is
performed. It shows light intensity is near about 25 percent in
this time that is in Figure 3and Figure 4 shows that the
vehicle is moving on the road in the night time. At that time
solar light intensity was fifty percent. Moreover, when
maximum number of vehicle move on the road then
according to this condition solar light intensity was hundred
percent in Figure 5.

VI. CONCLUSION
Solar energy based street light automatic system is
presented in this article. The experimental results reflect that
solar energy is a very attractive solution for the lighting system
of the roads. A variety of options are tested with this renewable
energy. The pattern of the outcomes proves the efficacy of the
proposed automatic system for street light problem. This
Figure 4: Night time with vehicle on road (Light intensity: 50 percent) system can also fulfill the need of street lighting systems and
also can comfortably interconnected or work with the electric
Power Grid. Additionally, the proposed system is in the region
of economy which is asked by the payers and saves money for
the operation in the night.

REFERENCES

[1]. B. H. Khan, Non-Conventional Energy Resources, 2nd edition,

Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd., 2010, pp. 83-86.
[2]. S. K. Sahdev, Fundamentals of Electrical engineering & Electronics,
2nd edition, Dhanpat Rai & Co., 1998, pp. 98-101.
[3]. M. L. Anwani, Basic Electrical Engineering, 18th edition, Dhanpat
Rai & Co., 2004, pp. 168-181.
[4]. Sanjiv Kumar, A Textbook of Electrical Engineering, 1st edition,
Asian Books Pvt. Ltd., 2009, pp. 3-77.
[5]. R. K. Rajput, Electrical Engineering Materials, 2nd edition, Laxmi
Figure 5: Night time with road full of vehicles (Light intensity: 100 Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2008, pp. 293-305.
percent) [6]. K. Sawhney, A Course in Electrical and Electronics Measurements
and Instrumentation, 19th edition, Dhanpat Rai & Co., 2011, pp. 159-
162.
V. RESULTS ANALYSIS
The diagrams depict that the results for automated street light
system which is using solar energy in this paper. Figure 2
presented that the day time intensity level which is zero

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