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U3 l15 Terminology in Arch and Classification

The document discusses terminology related to arch structures. It defines key terms like voussoirs, keystone, intrados, extrados, span, rise, soffit, and springing line that describe the different parts of an arch. It also describes the three main types of true arches: fixed arches, two-hinged arches, and three-hinged arches, focusing on their structural properties and common uses.

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638 views

U3 l15 Terminology in Arch and Classification

The document discusses terminology related to arch structures. It defines key terms like voussoirs, keystone, intrados, extrados, span, rise, soffit, and springing line that describe the different parts of an arch. It also describes the three main types of true arches: fixed arches, two-hinged arches, and three-hinged arches, focusing on their structural properties and common uses.

Uploaded by

atul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Arch terminology

The drawing shows the different parts of an arch and the correct terminology related to
the different aspects of the arch.

Terminology of arches
There are numerous parts to an arch, and the terminology may differ from one arch
shape to another.
 Voussoirs are the tapered or shaped units that form the arch.
 Key brick or keystone is the centre voussoir in an arch.
 Intrados is the inside edge of the arch. This is a term used
when setting out the arch.
 Extrados is the outside edge of the arch. This is also a term used
when setting out the arch.
 Span is the horizontal width of the opening that the arch will span.
 Rise is the vertical height of the arch from the springing line.
 Soffit is the under surface of the arch.
 Skewback is the inclined surface of brickwork from which a segmental arch
springs.
 Depth is the distance between the intrados and the extrados of the arch.
 Springing line is the horizontal line from which the arch springs.
 Springer is the first voussoir of the arch.
 Abutment is the brickwork either side of the arch which supports
the arch when it is completed.
 Crown is the highest point of the arch which is usually the top of
the key brick or keystone.
 Striking point is the point from which the arch shape is struck. There may be
more than one striking point; the number will depend upon the arch shape
required.
 Collar joint is the joint between the concentric rings of brickwork of a
double ring arch.

The most common true arch configurations are the fixed arch, the two-hinged arch, and
the three-hinged arch.

 The fixed arch is most often used in reinforced concrete bridge and tunnel
construction, where the spans are short. Because it is subject to additional internal
stress caused by thermal expansion and contraction, this type of arch is considered to
be statically indeterminate.[7]

 The two-hinged arch is most often used to bridge long spans.[7] This type of arch has
pinned connections at the base. Unlike the fixed arch, the pinned base is able to
rotate,[9] allowing the structure to move freely and compensate for the thermal
expansion and contraction caused by changes in outdoor temperature. However, this
can result in additional stresses, so the two-hinged arch is also statically
indeterminate, although not to the degree of the fixed arch.[7]

 The three-hinged arch is not only hinged at its base, like the two-hinged arch, but at
the mid-span as well. The additional connection at the mid-span allows the three-
hinged arch to move in two opposite directions, and compensate for any expansion
and contraction. This type of arch is thus not subject to additional stress caused by
thermal change. The three-hinged arch is therefore said to be statically
determinate.[8] It is most often used for medium-span structures, such as large
building roofs.
Another advantage of the three-hinged arch is that the pinned bases are more easily developed
than fixed ones, allowing for shallow, bearing-type foundations in medium-span structures. In
the three-hinged arch, "thermal expansion and contraction of the arch will cause vertical
movements at the peak pin joint but will have no appreciable effect on the bases," further
simplifying the foundation design.

It is a beam--like horizontal structural like horizontal structural flexural member, used to span
over thef lexural member,used to span over the openings of doors,windows and cup openings of
doors,windowsand cup--boards.lintel bahaves just like beam.it boards.lintel bahaves just like
beam.it provides a bearing for the masonry aboveprovides a bearing for the masonry abovethe
openings and transfers all the loadsthe openings and transfers all the loadsacting over the
opening to the supportingacting over the opening to the supportingwalls.walls.

Classification of lintels Classification of lintels


There can be only one classification of lintel There can be only one classification of linteland
that is according to the materials used and that is according to the materials used
 Timber lintel
 stone lintel
 brick lintel
 reinforced brick work lintels
 steel lintel
 R.C.C lintel

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