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Pointers C++ Slides

The document discusses pointers in C/C++. It defines pointers, address operators, passing arguments by reference, one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, and examples of functions that operate on arrays using pointers. Problems at the end involve defining functions to multiply matrices, rotate a matrix, sum matrix diagonals, check arrays for vowels, and combine two arrays.

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Hafiz Younas
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322 views

Pointers C++ Slides

The document discusses pointers in C/C++. It defines pointers, address operators, passing arguments by reference, one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, and examples of functions that operate on arrays using pointers. Problems at the end involve defining functions to multiply matrices, rotate a matrix, sum matrix diagonals, check arrays for vowels, and combine two arrays.

Uploaded by

Hafiz Younas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACP course outline

• Pointers
• User defined Data types
• Structure
• Link List
• Object oriented programming
• Classes
• Constructors and Destructors
• Inheritance
• Friend functions
• File Handeling
Address or Reference Operator(&) /
Pointer or De-reference operator(*)
• In C and C++ & sign is used as reference or address
operator. When used with a variable as prefix, it return
the address of that variable.
Example
Int x; cout<<&x;
This operator is commonly used to pass a reference as
argument instead of a value to a function to update a
variable data.
• Asterisk symbol (*) is an Operator used to declare
pointer variable. It also return the value stored at
memory location to which a pointer is pointing.
Address or Reference Operator(&)
Passing a value and reference to a function

void swap(int x, int y) void swap(int &x, int &y)


{ {
int tmp=x; int tmp=x;
x=y; x=y;
y=tmp y=tmp
} }
Pointer Variable
• A pointer variable is a variable that can store
memory address of other variable as their value.
• A pointer variable is declared by using * operator.
Example int *x; or char *z; int y;
• It does not mean that x can store in an integer value.
What it mean, x is a variable that can store an
address of an integer variable. ie x=&y;
• You can not assign a value directly to a pointer ie
*x=20 or x=20;
• Similarly z is a variable that can store the address of
a character variable.
• A pointer may be initialized as 0, NULL or an
address. ie int *p,x; p=0 or p=NULL or p=&x
• A pointer should be initialized either when
declared or in an assignment statement. ie int
*p=0; or p=0;
• When assigning a variable to a pointer, &
operator is used as prefix to that variable
Int x=10,*y y=&x;
• * Operator gives the value at address to which a
pointer is pointing.
• cout<<*y the output will be 10;
Pointers and One Dimensional Arrays
Suppose int *p, ary[5]={2,4,6,8,10};
• To pass an array to pointer p we can proceed as:
p=ary or p=&ary[0] this statement will assign the address
of ary[0] to p:
p
ary 2 4 6 8 10

*p or *(p+0) represent the value at ary[0] ie 2


*p+1 represent the value ary[0]1 ie 3
and *(p1) represent the value at ary[1] ie 4
p increment in the pointer value ie physically move
the pointer to next memory location.
• *p; pp1; *p*p; *p*(p1) have the same
effect.
Passing 1D array of pointer
in a function.
1-D array and pointer

Void Disp(int *p, int arysize) void Disp(int *p, int arysize)
{ {
for(int i=0;i<arysize;i++) while(arysize-->=1)
{ {
cout<<*(p+i)<<endl; cout<<*p++<<endl;
} }
} }
main()
{
int array[5]={1,2,3,4,5},*p;
Disp(array,5);
system("pause");
}
Define a function factorial that can read data from
an array to a pointer and print factorial of each
elements of array
void factorial(int *p, int arysize)
{
long double fact;
while(arysize >=1) main()
{ { int array[5]={1,2,3,4,5},*p;
fact=1; factorial(array,5);
for(int n=*p;n>1;n--) system("pause");
{ }
fact=fact*n;
}
cout<<*p<<“!=“<<fact<<endl;
p++;
arysize--;
}
}
Pointers and Two Dimensional Arrays
int *p, mat[2][3]={{2,4,6},{8,10,12}};
The 2D array data is actually stored in 1D array format in memory.

2 4 6 8 10 12
p=mat[0] or p=&mat[0][0] or p=*mat assign the address of 0th element
to p.
*p or *(p+0+0) represent 0th element of array ie 2. where 0 0 represent
ith and jth indexes. ie *(p+i+j);

void dispmat(int *p, int row, int col)


{
for(int i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<col;j++)
{
cout<<*(p+col*i+j)<<“\t”;
}
cout<<endl
}
}
Examples

Function that print the Function that change diagonal


transpose of a matrix element of a square matrix to 1.

void diagonal1(int *p, int r, int c)


void transpose(int *p, int r, int c) {
{ for(int i=0;i<r;i++)
for(int i=0;i<c;i++) {
{ for(int j=0;j<c;j++)
for(int j=0;j<r;j++) {
{ if(i==j)
{
cout<<*(p+c*j+i)<<"\t";
*(p+c*i+j)=1;
} }
cout<<endl; }
}
} }
}
Problem
• Define a function using pointers that multiply two
matrices.
• Define a function using pointer that rotate a given matix
by an angle of 90 clockwise and anti-clockwise.
• Define a function using pointers that return the sum of
diagonal elements of a square matrix.
• Define a function using pointer that can check each
character of an array and print out vowel character.
• You are given two arrays of type integer. Write a program
using pointer to combine these arrays into a single array
by mixing the elements.
• Ary[m]={1,2,3,4,5….m}, ary2[n]={6,7,8,9,10…..n};
• Ary[m+n]={1,6,2,7,3,8,4,9,5,10…..m,n};

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