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Vedic Time System

The Hindu view of time can be broadly referred to as the Vedic Time
System. kala (Time) is regarded as not linear or single-directional
movement, like an arrow speeding from past to future. The idea of Time
itself was quite advanced in Hindu Heritage. The Hindu concept talks of
Rhythm or universal order which is manifested as Time. Time Rhythm
range from the fast ticking of the atom to the expansion of the entire
cosmos — Time unfolding within the geological process of the Earth the
change of the season, the life cycle of a fly etc.

Kala (Time) itself is connected to Lord Siva in Indian Heritage. Siva is

called Maha Kala — “the great Time”. His consort Kali personifies the
energy of Time.

Based on Astronomical Science

The Hindu kālagaņanā (chronology) does not depend on any mundane
event like the birth of a person, coronation of a king or the military
success of an emperor. But it depends only on the movements of various
heavenly bodies in the cosmos, or in other words, on astronomical
science. Judging from this viewpoint, the Indian chronology alone is
scientific since all other current chronologies are based on mundane
event like the birth of a person, or the victory of a race over the other, or
the rule of a particular dynasty, or running away of a man from one city to
another to save his life and so on.

But during the British colonial rule, the foreign rulers could have been
successful to inculcate the idea that the entire concept of Hindu
chronology is merely a mythological fiction without having any scientific
basis. As a matter of fact, those foreign rulers framed the education
system of the Indian subcontinent (which is only a tiny part of Bharatvar-
sha) with the sinister view of turning the people away from their own
heritage and culture and to make them respectful to whatever is Wes-
tern (see Macaulayism). The most unfortunate part of the episode is
that, practically nothing has been done
to counter this trend during past fifty years after obtaining freedom. As a
result, most of the people of this country do not even know how rich and
ancient their own culture is and, on the contrary, have developed a
mentality to slight whatever is Indian. As a burning example of this trend,
we are blindly following the most unscientific Christian chronology and do
not even care to know what the Hindu chronology is.

Cyclic Nature of Time

From a keen observation of a number of physical phenomena, it is easy to
infer that they are repetitive, cyclic, and follow a definite time duration.
The most evident repetitive phenomena are the solar cycle-rotation of the
earth on its own axis and the revolution of the earth around the sun.

Another repetitive phenomenon is that of a seed growing into a sapling,

then to a plant and finally a tree. Before the tree dies it leaves behind a
new seed for another tree and the cycle repeats infinitely. Every potential
seed is a subtle form of the future tree having the complete information of
the tree genetically encoded within it and every tree carries within it a
potential seed for another future tree. Likewise the heat of the sun causes
water to evaporate to form clouds, which shed their water over land ,
forming streams and rivers which ultimately wind their way back to the
ocean, to once again repeat the cycle.

Since we are very much accustomed to these phenomena, it is very easy

to accept them without raising an eyebrow. Apart form these evident
cycles the least understood and less apparent are the Human and
Absolute Time cycles. To comprehend the Human cycle with any degree of
clarity, it is essential to comprehend that the physical body is a constantly
changing mass of material elements, while the soul is eternal. The soul
takes a body just before birth and plays its part as a baby, infant, child,
adolescent, adult and an elderly person and then leaves the body to take
another body to go through a similar cycle once again.

Again everybody is aware of the cyclical nature of time which means that
time neither has a beginning nor an end. So logically speaking time is
always represented on paper as a circle.

Every second repeats

Fold
itself every 60
Table of Contents
SECONDS. (60seconds
= 1 minute). Based on Astronomical Science
Cyclic Nature of Time
Every minute repeats The Division of Time
itself every 60 Smallest Unit of Time
MINUTES. (60 minutes Hour
= 1 hour). Seven Days of Week
Every hour repeats Fortnight, Month and Year
Samvatsara — The Year Cycles
itself every 24 HOURS. Yuga
(24 hours = 1 day). Mahayuga (Chaturyuga) — The Yuga Cycles
Every day repeats itself Time of the Devas — The Cosmic Years
every 365 DAYS. (365 Kalpa — A Cosmic Day of Brahmā
Manvantara
days = 1 year). Mahakalpa — Brahma's Lifespan
Every year repeats Present date in Time
itself in: ? ? ? ? YEARS ? Kaliyuga calendar
Outline
So logically speaking every Pralaya
References
year should also repeat itself
after a certain period of time. Can this answer be given by any human
being? Can Science give us a definite answer to this question? CERTAINLY
NOT.

In the Hindu system, Years are named and there are 60 names. Once the
60 names are finished, the next year starts with the first name again. This
goes on in a cyclic manner. Beyond this level there are 4 epochs or Yugas,
namely, Krita Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali yuga.

The Division of Time

In the Vedas, Time is equated with the Kala (Consciousness Time) is the
source of the divisions of time. It unites procession recession and stasis.

“Kalo gatinivrtti sthiti: samdadhati” (Sankhayana

Aranyaka 7.20).

Time, according to Surya Siddhanta, has both its virtual and practical
divisions; the former is called murta (embodied), the latter amurta
(virtual or Unembodied). The Surya Siddhanta delineates that ‘what
begins with prana (respiration) is called real; that what begins with truti
(atoms) is called unreal.

Smallest Unit of Time

Vedic astronomy give a very detailed division of the Time upto the lowest
sub division level of prāņa (respiration), a time lapse of four seconds. The
lowest sub divisions prāņa is the same part of the day as the minute is of
the circle, so that a respiration of time is equivalent to a minute of
apparent revolution of the heavenly bodies above the earth. The
astronomical division of sidereal time are:

1 paramanu 60,750th of a second

1 truţi = 29.6296 microseconds

1 tatpara = 2.96296 milliseconds

1 nimesha = 88.889 milliseconds

1 prāņa = 45 nimesha 4 seconds

1 vinādī = 6 prāņa = 24 seconds

1 nadī = 60 vinādīs = 24 minutes

1 ahorātra = 60 nādīs = 1440 min.= 24 h=1 day

As, according to modern standards, 24 hours make 1 day and night, one
finds that, 1 nādi or daņda is equal to 24 minutes, 1 vinādī is equal to 24
seconds, 1 asu or prāņa is equal to 4 seconds, 1 nimesha is equal to
88.889 milliseconds, 1 tatpara is equal to 2.96296 milliseconds and finally
1 truţi is equal to 29.6296 microseconds or 33,750th part of second. It is
really amazing that the Indian astronomers, at such a long time ago, could
conceive and obviously could measure such a small interval of time like
truţi. It should be mentioned here that, 1 unit of prāņa is the time an
average healthy man needs to complete one respiration or to pronounce
ten long syllables called guravakşara.

The Puranic division of the day is somewhat different. According to this,

Kala (Time) is born out of Sun. The counting starts from nimesha
(twinkling of an eye). (Source: Sūrya Siddhānta).

100 truti (atoms) = 1 tatpara (speck)

30 tatpara (specks) = 1 nimesha (twinkling)

18 nimesha (twinklings) = 1 kashtha (bit)

30 kashtha (bits) = 1 kala (~minute)

30 kala (minutes) = 1 ghatika (~half-hour)

2 ghatika (half hour) = 1 kshana/muhūrta (~hour)

30 kshana/muhūrta (hour) = 1 ahorātra (~day).

Truti is referred to as a quarter of the time of falling of an eye lid.

1 muhūrta equal to 48 minutes, 1 ghaţi equal to 24 minutes. 1 kalā equal

to 48 seconds, 1 kāşţhā equal to 1.6 seconds and 1 nimeşa equal to
88.889 milliseconds as obtained above. In its daily motion, the earth
rotates around its axis at a speed of nearly 1660 Km per hour and its
illuminated half is called ahh (day) and the dark half is called rātri (night).
From the system of units of time given above, one finds that 60 ghaţis or
nādīs make 1 day and night.
Vedic astronomical texts divide the above units of time broadly into two
categories; (i) mūrttakālah and (ii) amūrtakālah. The units of the former
kind are manifested (mūrttah) by the nature while, those of the latter kind
are created by man. From this view point, ahorātra, prāņa or asu. nimeşa
are mūrttakālah and the rest are amūrttakālah.

Hour
Deleting the leading letter ‘a’ and the trailing ‘tra’ from ‘ahorātra’, one is
left with the word horā, and from this horā, another system of measuring
time, the ‘Horā System’, introduced in this country by the celebrated
Hindu astronomer Varāha Mihira, by dividing a day and night into 24
horās. Many believe that from this Horā System the entire world has
adopted the present practice of dividing a day and night into 24 hours and
moreover, from Sanskrit horā, English hour, Latin hora and Greek ora
(ωρα) have been derived. It is interesting to note here that, one can derive
the names of the seven days of a week from this Horā System as well. One
has to assume a lord for each horā of the day and Ravivāra is to be
accepted as the first day of the week, but counting is to be made in the
reverse or descending order and the fourth place gives the name of the
following day.

Seven Days of Week

Why seven days make a week? And wherefrom the names of these seven
days have come? Every Indian will be pleased to know that it is also a gift
of India to the entire world. We have seen earlier that, 60 ghaţis or daņdas
make one day and night or ahorātra. Indian astronomers dedicated each
ghaţi of the day to a planet as its lord and derived the name of the day as
per the lord of the first ghaţi of the day.

figure1.jpg

surya sunday

soma monday

mangala tuesday

budha wednesday

guru thursday

shukra friday

shani saturday

rahu & ketu eclipse

The sun or Ravi being the most powerful among the planets, as well as the
giver and sustainer of life, has been honoured to be the lord of first ghaţi
of the first day of the week. Hence it is named Ravivāra or Sunday. In
Figure-1, the lords of second and third ghaţis of Ravivāra are Mars and
Jupiter respectively. Proceeding in this manner, Saturn is the lord of the
60th ghaţi of Ravivāra and the moon or Soma becomes the lord of the first
ghaţi of the following day and hence it is named Somavāra or Monday
(Moonday). One may notice here that in counting 60 ghaţis along the
circle of Firure-1, one has to make 8 complete revolutions and 4 more
planets and hence starting from a particular planet, the 5th place gives
the name of the following day. In this manner one finally arrives at
Śanivāra or Saturday (Saturnday) and starting from Śanivāra one
observes that the next day is Ravivāra and thus the cycle is completed.

It may be recalled that the Horā System is not essential for naming he
seven days of a week and primarily it was done by the Vedic astronomers
dividing a day and night into 60 ghaţis or 60 daņdas. Hence, we may
conclude without doubt that, it is the Vedic astronomers who named the
seven days of a week using the original Indian system of dividing a day
and night into 60 ghaţis and in their subsequent attempt they have shown
that, one can arrive at the same results using 24 horās as well. In a verse
(1/296) of Yājňavalkya Samhitā, the names of the planets are given
exactly in the order of week days and hence there is every reason to
believe that the names of the planets in that verse were mentioned
particularly as the lords of the seven days of a week. This makes Professor
S. B. Dixit to believe that the names of the seven days of a week were
known in the times of Yājňavalkya Samhitā.

Fortnight, Month and Year

Units of time larger than day and week are fortnight and month. The
Ŗgveda says, “aruņo māsakŗvikah’’ and Ācārya Yāska in his commentary
over the verse says. “aruņo arocano māsakŗņmāsānām cārddhamāsānām
ca kartā bhavati” or the moon is the creator of months and fortnights. In
Sanskrit the moon is called candramas and the word māsa has been
derived from the parting syllable ‘mas’ of candramas. So it appears that,
during the Vedic period people counted months and fortnights according
to the phases of the moon. According to Professor S. B. Dixit, it was quite
natural since one has to ascertain the duration of a solar month by
tedious calculations, while lunar months arc visible to the naked eye and
he writes, “Therefore it is clear that solar months came into being
afterwards”.

Samvatsara — The Year Cycles

Samvatsara is a Sanskrit term for "year". In Hindu tradition, there are 60
Samvatsaras, each of which has a name. Once all 60 samvatsaras are over,
the cycle starts over again. The sixty Samvatsaras are divided into 3
groups of 20 Samvatsaras each. The first 20 from Prabhava to Vyaya are
attributed to Brahma. The next 20 from Sarvajit to Parabhava to Vishnu &
the last 20 to Shiva.

The 60 Samvatsaras are:

13. 37.
1. Prabhava 25. Khara 49. Rākshasa
Pramāthin Shobhana

26. 38.
2. Vibhava 14. Vikrama 50. Anala
Nandana Krodhin

39.
3. Shukla 15. Vrisha 27. Vijaya 51. Pingala
Vishvāvasu

16. 40.
4. Pramoda 28. Jaya 52. Kālayukti
Chitrabhānu Parābhava

17. 29. 41. 53.

5. Prajāpati
Svabhānu Manmatha Plavanga Siddhārthin

30.
6. Āngirasa 18. Tārana 42. Kīlaka 54. Raudra
Durmukha

7. 31. 43.
19. Pārthiva 55. Durmati
Shrīmukha Hemalambin Saumya

44.
8. Bhāva 20. Vyaya 32. Vilambin 56. Dundubhi
Sādhārana

45. 57.
9. Yuvan 21. Sarvajit 33. Vikārin
Virodhikrit Rudhirodgārin

22. 46.
10. Dhātri 34. Shārvari 58. Raktāksha
Sarvadhārin Paritāpin

47.
11. Īshvara 23. Virodhin 35. Plava 59. Krodhana
Pramādin

12. 36. 48.

24. Vikrita 60. Kshaya
Bahudhānya Shubhakrit Ānanda

Once the 60 names are finished, the next year starts with the first name
again. This goes on in a cyclic manner.

Yuga
The units of time larger than a year are called yugas. The word yuga has
been derived from yoga and yoga from samyoga, or conjunction of
heavenly bodies. So one finds the origin of every unit of yuga to a specific
conjunction of the heavenly bodies in the sky. In Indian astronomy,
starting from a mere 5 year yuga to a vast Mahāyuga of 4,320,000 years
are in vogue. Every 5 year, a conjunction of the sun and the moon occurs
at the asterism Dhanişthā in the zodiacal sign Makara (Capricorn). The
sun enters Makara, in the month of Māgha. Hence the conjunction recurs
every 5 year on the new-moon day in the month of Māgha and that is the
basis of counting a 5 year yuga. The Vedānga Jyotisa provides special
names for these five years and they are Samvatsara, Parivatsara,
Idāvatsara. Anuvatsara and Idvatvatsara [VS: 26/45, 30/16; TB:
1/4/10;111/4/1-4).

The planet Vŗhaspati (Jupiter) takes 1 year to cover a zodiacal sign and
hence takes 12 years to complete its journey through all the 12 signs of
the zodiac. This is the basis for counting a 12 year yuga and since it
originates from the motion of Vŗhaspati, it is often called the
Vrāhaspatya-yuga. It would be relevant to mention here that the
Kumbha-Mela is held when Vŗhaspati enters the house of Kumbha
(Aquarious) and hence the festival recurs every 12 years.

From the facts narrated above, one observes that a conjunction of the sun
and the moon at Dhanişthā, while the Vŗhaspati (Jupiter) at makara
(Capricorn), occurs every 60 years and that is the basis for counting a 60
year yuga. Hindu scriptures provide separate names for all the sixty years
of a 60 year yuga.[4] The rare occasion when the sun, the moon and
Vŗhaspati (Jupiter) meet at dhanişthā repeats at an interval of 865 million
years. Such a conjunction occurs five times in a Kalpa.

Mahayuga (Chaturyuga) — The Yuga Cycles

Beyond this level there are 4 epochs or yugas, namely, Krita Yuga, Treta
Yuga, Dvapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga. All these four yugas together is called
a chatur yuga, which means "four epochs"or also termed maha yuga that
means "great epochs". Together a chatur yuga constitutes 4,320,000
human years and the lengths of each chatur yuga follow a ratio of
(4:3:2:1:).

yuga human years ratio

krita-yuga 1,728,000 years 4

treta-yuga 1,296,000 years 3

dvapara-yuga 864,000 years 2

kali-yuga 432,000 years 1

1 chatur yuga (mahayuga) 4,320,000 human years

The ages see a gradual decline of dharma, wisdom, knowledge,

intellectual capability, life span and emotional and physical strength.

Dvapara
Krita Yuga Treta Yuga Kali Yuga
Yuga

Golden Age or
other Bronze
Satya Yuga Silver Age Iron Age
name Age
(age of Truth)

human
1,728,000 1,296,000 864,000 432,000
years

one
three
one half quarter
quarters
virtue reigns virtue and virtue and
climate virtue and
supreme one half three
one quarter
sin quarters
sin
sin

human
21 cubits 14 cubits 3.5 cubits
stature

lakh of years
lifespan is lifespan is lifespan is
human and death
10,000 1,000 100 or 120
lifespan occurs only
years. years. years.
when willed.

Time of the Devas — The Cosmic Years

1 day of the Devas 1 human year

1 month of the Devas 30 days of the Devas

1 year of the Devas (1 divine year) 12 months of the Devas

The lifespan of the Devas is 100 years of the Devas (= 36,000 human
years).

Kalpa — A Cosmic Day of Brahmā

In this cyclic process of time, 1000 chaturyuga or mahayuga period is
called a Kalpa, and period of time is equal to a daytime for the Brahma,
the creator of the universe. A thousand and a thousand (i.e. two
thousand) chaturyuga-s are said to be one day and night of Brahmā (the
creator).

1 kalpa 1000 chatur yuga (mahayuga)

1 day and 1 night of Brahmā 2 kalpas

At the beginning of creation begins the day of creation. At the end of that
goes back all of the creation of the Absolute. This is a Kalpa a cosmic
cycle of becoming and either of creation and destruction.

Manvantara
A cosmic days includes 14 Period or Manvantaras to 306 720 000 solar
years. The next day, a cosmic unity is a Manvantara, there are fourteen
pieces. A Manu mastered such a period. We live in the 7th Manvantara.
Manvantara the first 6 have gone, 7 more will come. In particular, their
names are:

01. Svaayambhuva — son of the 08. Arka Saavarni (or Savarnika)

self-born (here began the — stands with the Sun God in
creation) relationship
02. Svaarochisha — son of the 09. Daksha-Saavarni — son of
Self Shining the rituals
03. Uttama — Son of the Most 10. Brahma-Saavarni — son of
High Brahma
04. Taamasa — Son of Darkness 11. Dharma-Saavarni — Son of
05. Raivata — son of wealth the Eternal Law
06. Chaakshusha — son of the 12. Rudra-Saavarni — son of the
vision (this was the Quirlung Destroyer
instead of the milk ocean) 13. Deva-Saavarni — Son of the
07. Vaivasvata — Vaivasvata is Shining
the son of the Sun God. <—- We 14. Indra-Saavarni — son of the
currently live here. mighty Indra

71 cycles of chatur yuga is called a manvantara. At the end of each

manvantara period, there comes a partial devastation period, which is
equivalant to the duration of krita yuga. This means after every
manvantara period, the world is partially destroyed and recreated.

1 manvantara 71 cycles of chatur yuga

A Manvantara is one of the 14 sub-units of a cosmic creation and lasts for

710 days or 306 720 000 solar years. 306 720 000 years. A Manvantara
is divided into a total of 71 Mahayugas ( "big Yugas"). Currently, we live
the 28th Mahayuga. Mahayuga of the 7th Manvantara. The Mahayugas
close to each other seamlessly, without having a period of twilight to be
separated.

Mahakalpa — Brahma's Lifespan

Brahma (the creator) lives for 100 years of 360 such days and at the end,
he is said to dissolve, along with his entire Creation, into the Paramātman
(Eternal Soul). The scriptures put Brahma's age at 100 years in his unique
time scale.

Brahma's life span is equal to 311,040,000,000,000 human years. This

period in named as maha kalpa. A universe lasts only for one maha kalpa
period. At the end of it the universe is completely destroyed together with
the creator Brahma and a new universe would be created with a new
Brahma. This cycle goes on endlessly. The Vedic universe passes through
repetitive cycles of creation and destruction. During the annihilation of the
universe, energy is conserved, to manifest again in the next creation.

1 maha 100 years of Brahma (311,040,000,000,000 human

kalpa years)

Present date in Time

How old is the universe on this day of Brahma?

The current Kali Yuga began after the Surya Siddhanta at midnight on a
change of 17 at 18 February in the year 3102 BC in the proleptic Julian
calendar. Since the beginning of the Kalpa until the year 2005 AD passed:

6 complete Manvantaras: 6 x 710

7-Manvantara twilight before a Manvantara each: 7 x 4
27 complete Mahayugas of the current 7th Manvantara: 27 x 10
3 Elapsed Yugas the current 28th Mahayuga: (4 + 3 + 2) x l
5107 solar years in the current Kali Yuga

Kaliyuga calendar
The Kaliyuga calendar is apparently much older than — and quite out of
line with — the other surviving old calendars. It also has a somewhat
special standing because of its linkage with the religious account of the
history of the world, described with mathematical — if mind-boggling —
precision. (It is the last and the shortest of the four yugas, meant to last
for 432,000 years, and has been preceded respectively by three other
yugas, which were in length — going backwards — two, three and four
times as long as the Kaliyuga, making up a total of 4,320,000 years
altogether.)

The epoch (starting point or first day of the zeroth year) of the current era
of Hindu calendar (both solar and lunisolar) is February 18 3102 BC/BCE
in the proleptic Julian calendar or January 23   3102 BC/BCE in the
proleptic Gregorian calendar. Both the solar and lunisolar calendars
started on this date. After that, each year is labeled by the number of
years elapsed since the epoch.

This is a unique feature of the Hindu calendar. All other systems use the
current ordinal number of the year as the year label. But just as a person's
true age is measured by the number of years that have elapsed starting
from the date of the person's birth, the Hindu calendar measures the
number of years elapsed. As of May 18, 2005, 5106 years had elapsed in
the Hindu calendar, so this is the 5107th Hindu calendar year. Note that
the lunisolar calendar year will usually start earlier than the solar
calendar year.

Outline
Prior to the creation of the universe, Lord Vishnu lies asleep on the ocean
of all causes. He rests upon a serpent bed with thousands of cobra-like
hoods. While asleep, a lotus sprouts from His navel. Upon this lotus is
born Brahma the creator of the universe. Lord Brahma lives for a hundred
years and then dies, while Lord Vishnu remains. One year of Brahma
consists of three hundred and sixty days. At the beginning of each day
Brahma creates the living beings that reside in the universe and at the end
of each day the living beings are absorbed into Brahma while he sleeps on
the lotus. On day of Brahma is known as a KALPA. Within each KALPA
there are fourteen MANUS and within each MANU are seventy one
CHATUR-YUGAS. Each CHATUR-YUGA is divided into four parts called
YUGAPADAS.

From the first chapter of Surya-Siddhanta, the most revered authoritative

source of Hindu astronomy, we have the following passage:

11. That which begins with respirations (prana) is called real…….Six

respirations make a vinadi, sixty of these a nadi:

12. And sixty nadis make a sidereal day and night. Of thirty of these
sidereal days is composed a month; a civil (savana) month consists of as
many sunrises;

13. A lunar month, of as many lunar days (tithi); a solar (saura) month is
determined by the entrance of the Sun into a sign of the zodiac; twelve
months make a year. This is called a day of the gods.

14. The day and night of the devas are mutually opposed to one another.
Six times sixty of them are a year of the devas.
15 & 16. Twelve thousand of these divine years are denominated a
chatur-yuga; of ten-thousand times four hundred and thirty two solar
years is composed that chatur-yuga, with its dawn and twilight. The
difference of the krita-yuga and the other yugas, as measured by the
difference in the number of the feet of virtue in each is as follows:

17. The tenth part of a chatur-yuga, multiplied successively by four, three,

two, and one, gives the length of the krita and the other yugas: the sixth
part of each belongs to its dawn and twilight.

18. One and seventy chatur-yugas make a manu; at its end is a twilight
which has the number of years of a krita-yuga, and which is a deluge.

19. In a kalpa are reckoned fourteen manus with their respective twilights;
at the commencement of the kalpa is a fifteenth dawn, having the length
of a krita-yuga.

20. The kalpa, thus composed of a thousand chatur-yugas, and which

brings about the destruction of all that exists, is a day of Brahma; his
night is of the same length.

21. His extreme age is a hundred, according to this valuation of a day and
a night. The half of his life is past; of the remainder, this is the firsts kalpa.

22. And of this kalpa, six manus are past, with their respective twilights;
and of the Manu son of Vivasvat, twenty seven chatur-yugas are past;

23. Of the present, the twenty eighth chatur-yuga, this krita yuga is
past……..

Pralaya
ALL THE BEINGS OF THIS UNIVERSE INCLUDING
CHATURMUKHA BRAHMA AND OTHER GODS ARE
RULED BY TIME. THEY ARE CREATED, LIVE AND ARE
DESTROYED BY ONE SUPREME AND POWERFUL
BEING , WHO HAS NO BIRTH OR DEATH.

This destruction is of four types:

(1) Nitya Pralaya (2) Naimittika Pralaya (3) Maha Pralaya and (4)
Aatyantika Pralaya.

Nitya Pralaya is the sleep or by an extension thereof, Death.

Naimittika Pralaya is the end of a single day of Brahma, when the three
worlds (Bhuh:, Bhuvaha: and Suvaha:) disintegrate.

Maha Pralaya is the great deluge at the end of the age of one Brahma
,which consists of 100 Brahmic Years (365 Times 2,000 ChaturYugas).

Aatyantika Pralaya is "the final deliverance or the attainment of Salvation

by a Jivan and after that the Jivan is never again in the clutches of Karma
nor bound by the tight ropes of Samsara.It is therefore a variable time
span conditioned by the practise of the different kind of Yogas or Prapatti.

After these definitions of Units of Kaala and the alloted life spans of the
Humans and Gods, we come to the concept of Kaala in the Nitya Vibuthi or
Sri Vaikuntam. Since, Kaala is omnipresent, it has to be in Sri Vaikuntam
also. However, it does not have the same power as in Leela Vibuthi or the
Physical Universe, which serves as the play ground for Sriman Narayana.
Kaala in Sri Vaikuntam is powerless and hence does not bring about
growth, decay or destruction of any thing. Hence all there have eternal
existence. Kaala is helpful there only "to describe one action as taking
place before or after another. For instance in the service that the Muktas
do to Sriman Narayana , they give a bath (Snana) at a point of time
previous to that in which they offer food(Bhojana). It is all day there for
ever and there is no division into day and night. Kaala is under the control
of Sriman Narayana and he manipulates it as He likes it. It is used as an
Instrument by Him in bringing about the modification of the various
objects in Lila Vibhuti."

References
Backlinks

1. manvantara 2. Namaste 3. System of Knowledge

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