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X y X Y: Ratio and Proportion A. Direct Proportion

1. The document defines various ratios, proportions, percentages, and formulas related to business math, interest, markup, and selling price. 2. It also covers plane and solid geometry concepts like perimeter, area, surface area, and volume for common shapes. 3. Additionally, the document defines types of numbers, number properties, angles, polygons, triangles, quadrilaterals, and their classifications.

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Jerick Enrique Fegarido
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© © All Rights Reserved
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282 views11 pages

X y X Y: Ratio and Proportion A. Direct Proportion

1. The document defines various ratios, proportions, percentages, and formulas related to business math, interest, markup, and selling price. 2. It also covers plane and solid geometry concepts like perimeter, area, surface area, and volume for common shapes. 3. Additionally, the document defines types of numbers, number properties, angles, polygons, triangles, quadrilaterals, and their classifications.

Uploaded by

Jerick Enrique Fegarido
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ratio and Proportion Percent Increase

a. Direct Proportion 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒


x1 x 2 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡
= Percent Decrease
y1 y2
b. Inverse Proportion 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡
X1 Y 1 = X 2 Y 2 Business Math
a. Simple Interest
c. Partitive Proportion I = Prt

R1+R2…Rn = n b.Compound Interest


𝑟 𝑛𝑡
𝐵 = 𝑃 (1 + )
Percentage, Rate and 𝑛
Ratio c. Markup

P % of Markup x Cost

B R
d.Selling Price Basic Forms of a Line
a. Standard Form
S = Cost + Markup
Ax+By=C
e. Sale Prize b.Slope-Intercept Form
Y=Mx+B
Regular Prize – Discount
c. Slope of a Line
𝑌2 − 𝑌1
f. Discount 𝑚=
𝑋2 − 𝑋1
% of Discount x Regular Prize d.Point-Slope Form

g. Commission
Y-Y1 = M(X-X1)

Amount Sold x Percentage e. Pythagorean Theorem


Distance, Rate and Time
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
Ax+Bx=C
D Clock Problem
4
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 = m – 30h
R T 2
Plane and Solid Geometry Permutation
Sum of the Interior Angles Case 1
of a Polygon
nPn = n!
(n-2) x 180𝑜
Interior Angle of a Polygon Case 2
(𝑛 − 2) 𝑥 180𝑜 𝑛!
nPr = (
𝑛 𝑛−𝑟)!

Diagonals of a Polygon Case 3


𝑛(𝑛 − 3) 𝑛!
2 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 … 𝑟𝑝!
Maximum Point of
Intersection
Combination
2
𝑛 −𝑛
𝑛!
𝑛 𝑛𝐶𝑟 =
Probability
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟!
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
Plane Figures
Figure Perimeter Area
Rectangle 2L+2W LxW
Square 4s 𝒔𝟐
Parallelogram 2a+2b BxH
Trapezoid A1+a2+a3+a4 𝒃𝟏+𝒃𝟐
( )𝒉
𝟐
Triangle s1+s2+s3 1/2bh
Circle C=𝟐𝝅𝒓 𝝅𝒓𝟐
Solid Figure
Surface Area Volume
Rectangular 2lw+2wh+2hl LxWxH
Prism
Cube 𝟔𝒔𝟐 𝒔𝟑
Cylinder 2𝝅𝒓𝟐 + 𝟐𝝅𝒓𝒉 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉
Pyramid s+2sl 1/3bh
Cone 𝝅𝒓𝟐 + 𝝅𝒓𝒔 1/3𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉
Sphere 𝟒𝝅𝒓𝟐 4/3𝝅𝒓 𝟑
Prime Factorization
LCM – Smallest number divisible
GCF – Highest number divisible
Ratio – comparison of 2 quantities by division
Proportion – equality of 2 ratios
Real Numbers - numbers we encounter
everyday; rational & irrational
Rational – Non-terminating & repeating or
terminating and non-repeating
Subsets of Rational Numbers
1. Natural Numbers – 1 to infinite
2. Whole Numbers – 0 to infinite
3. Integers – Natural numbers; negative; 0
Irrational Numbers – cannot be expressed in
fraction; have decimal representation; non-
terminating and non-repeating
Number Properties
1. Closure Property
2. Commutative Property – position does
not affect
3. Associative Property – groupings does
not affect
4. Identity Property of Addition
5. Identity Property of Multiplication
6. Distributive Property
Plane and Solid Geometry
Point – represented by small dots
Line – represented by 2 straight lines
Plane – represented by a slanted 4 sided
figure
Other Basic Notions
1. Collinear Points – points; same line
2. Coplanar Points – points; same plane
3. Line Segment - 2 points at both end, between
4. Ray – has end point; one arrow to infinity
5. Coplanar Lines – line; same plane
6. Intersecting Lines – 2 Cop. line; 1 common pt
7. Concurrent Lines – 3 or more lines; 1 pt
8. Skew Lines – lines intersect; no common plane
9. Parallel Lines – 2 cop. line; no common plane
10.Perpendicular Lines – 2 lines; same plane; form
4 90 deg.
Angles – 2 rays sharing a point
Classification of Angles
1. Acute – not more than 90 degrees
2. Right – exactly 90 degrees
3. Obtuse – more than 90 less than 180
4. Straight – 180 degrees
Special Angle Pairs
1. Complimentary – 2 angles; 90 degrees
2. Supplementary – 2 angles; 180 degrees
3. Vertical – 2 angles by intersecting lines;
equal in measure; across
4. Adjacent – 2 angles; share vertex; share
side; not overlap
Linear Pair – 2 angles; add up to 180 degrees
Types of Polygons
Concave – 1 angle less than 180 degrees
Convex – vertices lie in the interior of opp. angle
According to Sides
Polygon Side Measure
Triangle 3 180
Quadrilateral 4 360
Pentagon 5 540
Hexagon 6 720
Heptagon 7 900
Octagon 8 1080
Nonagon 9 1260
Decagon 10 1440
Undecagon 11 1620
Dodecagon 12 1800
Triangles – classified by sides and angles
Triangle by Sides
1. Scalene – no equal sides
2. Isosceles – 2 equal sides
3. Equilateral – all sides equal
4. Equiangular – all angles equal
Tringle by Angles
1. Right – has 1 90 degree angle
2. Acute – has 3 angles; less than 90 degrees
3. Obtuse – has an obtuse angle
Classification of Quadrilaterals
Trapezoid at least 1 pair of parallel line
Parallelogram both pair opp. side parallel
and equal in length
Rectangle has 2 pairs of parallel sides; opposite
side congruent; 4 right angle
Rhombus All sides equal; 2 pair parallel
sides; opposite sides congruent
Square All sides and angle equal
Kite 2 separate pairs of equal
adjacent angles
Quadrilateral
s
Kite Parallelogram Trapezoid

Rectangle Rhombus Isosceles


Trapezoid
Square
Top to Bottom is FALSE
Bottom to Top is TRUE

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