Lab Manual

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. STUDY AND PRACTICE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DOS COMMANDS.

2. CREATION AND EDITING OF TEXT FILES USING MICROSOFT-WORD.

3. CREATION AND OPERATING OF SPREAD SHEET USING MICROSOFT-

EXCEL

4. CREATION AND OPERATING OF MICROSOFT POWER POINT .

5. (A) WRITE A PROGRAM TO PRINT “HELLO WORLD”.

(B) WRITE A PROGRAM TO ILLUSTRATE ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION.

6. (A) WRITE A PROGRAM TO CALCULATE AREA OF CIRCLE.

(B) WRITE A PROGRAM TO CALCULATE AREA OF TRIANGLE.

7. (A) WRITE A PROGRAM TO CALCULATE AREA OF A ROOM.

(B) WRITE A PROGRAM TO INTERCHANGE VALUES OF ANY TWO

VARIABLES.

8. (A) WRITE A PROGRAM TO PRINT EITHER EVEN OR ODD NUMBER

(B) WRITE A PROGRAM TO PRINT SUM OF CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS

USING WHILE LOOP.

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S.N. Name of Practical Date of Practical Perform Signature

Date

1 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DOS

COMMANDS

2 TEXT FILES USING MICROSOFT-

WORD

3 OPERATING OF SPREAD SHEET

USING MICROSOFT-EXCEL
4 CREATION AND OPERATING OF
MICROSOFT POWER POINT

5 (A)WRITE A PROGRAM TO PRINT

“HELLO WORLD”.

(B) PROGRAM TO ILLUSTRATE

ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION

6 (A) PROGRAM TO CALCULATE

AREA OF CIRCLE

(B)PROGRAM TO CALCULATE
AREA OF TRIANGL

7 (A)PROGRAM TO CALCULATE
AREA OF A ROOM.

(B)TO INTERCHANGE VALUES OF

ANY TWO VARIABLES.

8 (A)PROGRAM TO PRINT EITHER

EVEN OR ODD NUMBER.

(B)PROGRAM TO PRINT SUM OF

CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS USING
WHILE LOOP

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LAB MANUAL

EXPERIMENT NO. 1

1. STUDY AND PRACTICE OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL DOS COMMANDS.

Any instruction given to the computer to perform a specific task is called command. The DOS
has several commands, each for a particular task and these are stored in DOS directory on the
Disk. The Command are of two types:

1. Internal Command:
These are in built commands of MS-DOS. These are stored in file COMMAND.COM.
These Command reside in the memory as long as the machine is at the system
prompt(C:\>). To use these commands no external or internal file is required.

2. External Command
These are separate program (.com) files that reside in DOS directory and when executed
behave like commands. It has predefined syntax.

Internal Command: The internal commands of DOS are as following:

 Date Command: It shows the current date and enables you to reset it. Type the
following command for it as press Enter Key.
C:\>Date

 Time Command: By this command you can show the current time or can reset it.
C:\>TIME

 Dir Command: This command is used to list all or specifies files of any directory
on a specified disk.
C:\>DIR

 Cls Command: This command is used to clear the screen.

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C:\>CLS

 Vol Command: It displays disk volume label(name).

C:\>VOL

 Ver Command: It displays the current DOS version number.

C:\>VER

 MD or MKDIR Command: This command is used to create a new directory or

subdirectories in any drive.
MD <DirName> <Enter>

 RM DIR and RD Command: This command is used to remove a specified sub-

directory only when it is empty. This command cannot remove root directory
(C :\) or current working directory.
RD <DIR NAME>

 CD Command: This command change DOS current working directory to specify

directory on specified disk or to check for the current directory on the specified or
default drive.
CD <DIRNAME>

 CD \ Command: It logs onto the DIR, which is one level above the currently
logged Dir.
C :\> Documents and settings\ ANY NAME>CD\

 Copy Con: This command is used to create new files .

COPY CON <File Name>

 Type Command: This command is used to display the contents of the specified
file.
TYPE <File Name>

 Copy Command: This Command copies one or more files from source disk/drive
to the specified disk/drive.
Copy <Source File> <Destination File>

 DEL or ERASE Command: Both command use to delete the file of a given file
name.
DEL <File Name>
 REN Command: This command is used to change the name of any file.
REN <OLD File Name> <NEW File Name>

 PATH: Sets a sequential search path for the executable files, if the same are not
available in the current directory.

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EXPERIMENT NO. 2

2. CREATION AND EDITING OF TEXT FILES USING MICROSOFT-WORD.

INTRODUCTION: - Word Processor is a Software package that enables you to create, edit, print
and save documents for future retrieval and reference. Creating a document involves typing by
using a keyboard and saving it. Editing a document involves correcting the spelling mistakes, if
any, deleting or moving words sentences or paragraphs.

(a) Advantages of Word Processing:- One of the main advantages of a word processor over a
conventional typewriter is that a word processor enables you to make changes to a document
without retyping the entire document.

(b) Features of Word Processing:- Most Word Processor available today allows more than just
creating and editing documents. They have wide range of other tools and functions, which are
used in formatting the documents. The following are the main features of a Word Processor

i. Text is typing into the computer, which allows alterations to be made easily.
ii. Words and sentences can be inserted, amended or deleted.
iii. Paragraphs or text can be copied /moved throughout the document.
iv. Margins and page length can be adjusted as desired.
v. Spelling can be checked and modified through the spell check facility.
vi. Multiple document/files can be merged.
vii. Multiple copies of letters can be generated with different addresses through the mail-
merge facility.

(c) Some Common Word Processing Packages:- The followings are examples of some popular
word processor available

 Soft word
 WordStar
 Word perfect
 Microsoft word

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1. IMPORTANT FEATURES OF MS-WORD:- Ms-Word not only supports word

processing features but also DTP features. Some of the important features of Ms-Word
are listed below:

i. Using word you can create the document and edit them later, as and when required, by
adding more text, modifying the existing text, deleting/moving some part of it.
ii. Changing the size of the margins can reformat complete document or part of text.

iii. Font size and type of fonts can also be changed. Page numbers and Header and Footer
can be included.

iii. Spelling can be checked and correction can be made automatically in the entire
document. Word count and other statistics can be generated.

v. Text can be formatted in columnar style as we see in the newspaper. Text boxes can be
made.

iv. Tables can be made and included in the text.

vii. Word also allows the user to mix the graphical pictures with the text. Graphical pictures
can either be created in word itself or can be imported from outside like from Clip Art
Gallery.

v. Word also provides the mail-merge facility.

ix. Word also has the facility of macros. Macros can be either attached to some
function/special keys or to a tool bar or to a menu.

x. It also provides online help of any option.

2. GETTING STARTED WITH MS-WORD:- While working in MS-WORD you have to

work with a mouse. Also one can work, to some extent, through the keyboard. The use of
mouse is simpler as it is fully menu driven. In MS-WORD every command is available in
the form of ‘icons’.

You can go inside MS-WORD by the following way

1. Take the mouse pointer to START button on the task bar. Click the left mouse button. The
monitor will show like as follows:

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Fig. 9.1

2. Move the pointer to programs. You will notice another menu coming up to the right.
3. In that menu identify where Microsoft word is placed. Move the cursor horizontally to
come out of programs.
4. Move into the rectangular area meant for Microsoft word. Click the left mouse button
there. The computer will start MS-WORD. You will find the screen as follows.

a. Title Bar :- The title bar displays the name of the currently active word document. Like
other WINDOWS applications, it can be used to alter the size and location of the word
window.
b. Tool Bars :- Word has a number of tool bars that help you perform task faster and with
great ease. Two of the most commonly tool bars are the formatting tool bar and the
standard tool bar. These two toolbars are displayed just below the title bar. At any point of
time any tool bar can be made ON or OFF through the tool bar option of View Menu.

(c) Ruler Bar:- The Ruler Bar allows you to format the vertical alignment of text in a document.

(d) Status Bar:- The Status Bar displays information about the currently active document. This
includes the page number that you are working, the column and line number of the cursor
position and so on.

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(e) Scroll Bar:- The Scroll Bar helps you scroll the content or body of document. You can do so
by moving the elevator button along the scroll bar, or by click in on the buttons with the arrow
marked on them to move up and down and left and right of a page.

(f) Workspace :- The Workspace is the area in the document window was you enter/type the text
of your document.

(g) Main Menu:- The Word main menu is displayed at the top of the screen as shown in the Fig.
9.1. The main menu further displays a sub menu. Some of the options are highlighted options
and some of them appear as faded options. At any time, only highlighted options can be
executed, faded options are not applicable. Infect if the option is faded you will not be able to
choose it. You may not that any option faded under present situation may become highlighted
under different situations.

3. MAIN MENU OPTIONS:- The overall functions of all the items of main menu are
explained below.

(a) File:- You can perform file management operations by using these options such as opening,
closing, saving, printing, exiting etc. It displays the following sub menu.

Fig 9.3 File Sub menu

(b) Edit:- Using this option you can perform editing functions such as cut, copy, paste, find and
replace etc. It displays the following sub menu.

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Fig. 9.4 Edit Sub menu

(c) View:- Word document can be of many pages. The different pages may have different modes.
Each mode has its limitations. For example in normal mode the graphical picture cannot be
displayed. They can only be displayed in page layout mode. Using the option "View" you can
switch over from one mode to other. It displays the following Sub menu.

Fig. 9.5 View Sub menu

(d) Insert:- Using this menu, you can insert various objects such as page numbers, footnotes,
picture frames etc. in your document. It displays the following Sub menu.

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Fig. 9.6 Insert Submenu

(e) Format:- Using this menu, you can perform various type of formatting operations, such as
fonts can be changed, borders can be framed etc. It displays the following Sub menu.

Fig. 9.7 Format Submenu

(f) Tools:- Using this menu, you can have access to various utilities/tools of Word, such as spell
check, macros, mail merge etc. It displays the following Sub menu.

(g) Table:- This menu deals with tables. Using this menu you can perform various types of
operations on the table. It displays the following Sub menu.

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(h) Window:- This menu allows you to work with two documents simultaneously. This would
require two windows to be opened so that each one can hold one document. Using this menu,
you can switch over from one window to another. It displays the following Sub menu

(i) Help:- Using this menu, you can get on-line help for any function.

4. CONCLUSION:- At the end of this lesson you have learnt the important features of Ms-
Word. We started with procedure to invoke Ms-Word. We identified toolbars available in
the main menu of Ms-Word are discussed.

EXPERIMENT NO. 3

3. CREATION AND OPERATING OF SPREAD SHEET USING MICROSOFT-

EXCEL.

MICROSOFT EXCEL BASICS- Knowledge of how to navigate in a Windows is helpful. To

begin, open Microsoft Excel in the programs setting of your Start Menu. The screen shown here
will appear

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Title Bar

The Title bar is located at the very top of the screen. On the Title bar, Microsoft Excel displays
the name of the workbook you are currently using. At the top of your screen, you should see
Microsoft Excel - Book1

Menu Bar

The Menu bar is directly below the Title bar. Point with your mouse to a menu option and click
the left mouse button. A drop-down menu will appear. To select an option, highlight the item on
the drop-down menu and press Enter. An ellipse after a menu item signifies additional options.

Tool Bar

The Standard Toolbar

The Formatting Toolbar

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Toolbars provide shortcuts to menu commands. Toolbars are located just below the Menu bar.

Worksheets

Microsoft Excel consists of worksheets. Each worksheet contains columns and rows. The
columns are lettered A to IV; the rows are numbered 1 to 65536. The combination of column and
row coordinates make up a cell address. For example, the cell located in the upper left corner of
the worksheet is cell A1, meaning column A, row 1. Cell E10 is located under column E on row
10. You enter your data into the cells on the worksheet.

Formula Bar

If the Formula bar displays the Cell address on the left Cell Entries display on the right side of
the Formula bar.

Status Bar

The Status bar appears at the very bottom of the screen. .

The word Ready tells you that Excel is in the Ready mode and awaiting your next command.
Other indicators appear on the Status bar in the lower right corner of the screen. Here are some
examples:

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The letters NUM on the Status bar in the lower right corner of the screen indicate that the
numeric keypad is on. The Num Lock key is a toggle key. Pressing it turns the numeric keypad
on and off. You can use the numeric keypad to enter numbers as if you were using a calculator.

Arrow Keys

Down Arrow Key

Use the down arrow key to move downward on the screen one cell at a time.

Up Arrow Key

Use the Up Arrow key to move upward on the screen one cell at a time.

Right and Left Arrow Keys

Use the right and left arrow keys to move right or left one cell at a time.

Page Up and Page Down

Page Up and Page Down keys move the cursor up and down one page at a time.

End Key

The Status Bar

End key, used in conjunction with the arrow keys, causes the cursor to move to the far end of the
spreadsheet in the direction of the arrow.

Home Key

Home key, used in conjunction with the End key, moves you to to the beginning of the data area
if you have entered data or cell A1.

Scroll Lock

Scroll Lock moves the window, but not the cell pointer.

Selecting Cells

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If you wish to perform a function on a group of cells, you must first select those cells by
highlighting them. To highlight cells A1 to E1.Place the cursor in cell A1.Press the F8 key. This
anchors the cursor. Note that EXT appears on the Status bar in the lower right corner of the
screen. You are in the Extend mode. Click in cell E7. Cells A1 to E7 should now be highlighted.
Press Esc and click anywhere on the worksheet to clear the highlighting.

Closing Microsoft Excel

Close Microsoft Excel.

Click on File, which is located on the Menu bar. Press the down arrow key until Exit is
highlighted. Press Enter. Click on No, if you are prompted, "Do you want to save the changes
you made to Book1?"

EXPERIMENT NO. 4

4. CREATION AND OPERATING OFMICROSOFT POWER POINT .

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INTRODUCTION:- To launch Microsoft PowerPoint, click Start -> (All) Programs ->
Microsoft Office -> Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2003

The Title Bar:- As a regular Windows application, Microsoft PowerPoint shares some
characteristics that are common to other programs. The top section of the interface is made of a
wide bar called the title bar:

The left section of the title bar displays a small picture known as the system icon. This icon is
used to identify the application. The icon holds a list of actions you can perform to close,
minimize, maximize, move or restore the application. To perform any of these actions, you
would click the system icon. This would display its list:

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This list can also be referred to as the system menu. To use one of its items, you can click it.
The main area of a title bar is a long bar actually referred to as the title bar. This section is also
used to perform the same operations available on the system menu. There are other operations
you can perform different than the system menu depending on the way you click the main area
of the title bar.

The System Buttons:- The right section of the title bar displays three small squares referred to as
the system buttons. They are used to minimize, maximize, restore or close Microsoft PowerPoint.
These items are

Button Role
Minimizes the window
Maximizes the window
Restores the window
Closes the window

The Main Menu:- Under the title bar, there is the main menu and sometimes called the Menu
Bar. To use a menu item, you click one of its words and the menu expands. If an item is
missing from the main menu, you can customize it.
There are four main types of menus you will encounter:

When clicked, the behavior of a menu that stands alone depends on the
actions prior to clicking it. Under the File menu, an example is Exit

A menu that is disabled is not accessible at the moment. This kind of

menu depends on another action or the availability of something else. Here are examples:

A menu with three dots means that an intermediary action is required

in order to apply its assignment. Usually, this menu would call a dialog box where the user
would have to make a decision.

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A menu with an arrow holds a list of menu items under it. A

menu under another menu is called a submenu. To use such a menu, you would position the
mouse on it to display its submenu. Here is an example:

On the main menu (and any menu), there is one letter underlined on each word. Examples are
F in File, E in Edit, V in View, etc. The underlined letter is called an access key. The access
key allows you to access the same menu item using the keyboard. In order to use an access
key, the menu should have focus first. The menu is given focus by pressing either the Alt or the
F10 keys. When the menu has focus and you want to dismiss it, you can press Esc.
On some menu items, there is a key or a combination of keys we call a shortcut. This key or this
combination allows you to perform the same action on that menu using the keyboard. If the shortcut
is made of one key only, you can just press it. If the shortcut is made of two keys, press and hold the
first one, while you are holding the first, press the second key once and release the first key. Some
shortcuts are a combination of three keys.

From now on, in our lessons,

Press Means
T Press the T key
Alt, G Press and release Alt. Then press G
Press and hold Ctrl. While you are still holding Ctrl, press H once.
Ctrl + H
Then release Ctrl
Press and hold Ctrl. Then press and hold Shift. Then press E once.
Ctrl + Shift + E
Release Ctrl and Shift

The Toolbars:- Under the menu bar, there is another bar made of various buttons. This is called
a toolbar. There are various toolbars used in Microsoft PowerPoint. Each toolbar has a proper
name and we will learn how to recognize them.
At times, there will be many toolbars that come and go while you are using Microsoft
PowerPoint. For this reason, we will refer to each toolbar by its name. To know the name of a
toolbar, you can right-click any word on the menu bar or any button on the toolbar. If you have

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only one toolbar on your screen, its name will have a check box. The other name(s) on the
context menu is (are) the one (those) you can add to the screen if you wish:

You could also create your own toolbar.

The Status Bar The status bar is a long horizontal bar that spans the whole bottom section of
Microsoft PowerPoint. It will be used to provide some assistance or information about an item
that is displaying or being accessed in Microsoft Access.
Saving and Closing presentation:- You can save, close, and exit presentations in power point just
as you would while using other Microsoft Presentations.

EXPERIMENT NO. 5(A)

WRITE A PROGRAM TO PRINT “HELLO WORLD”.

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#include<iostream. h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

clrscr();

cout<<”Hello World”;

getch();

EXPERIMENT NO. 5 (B)

WRITE A PROGRAM TO ILLUSTRATE ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION.

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#include<iostream. h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

clrscr();

int a,b,c ,d,e;

float f;

cout <<"Enter the value of a " ;

cin>>a;

cout <<"Enter the value of b ";

cin>> b;

c = (a+b);

d = (a-b);

e = (a*b);

f = (a/b);

cout <<"Sum is = "<< c;

cout<<”Diff. is = ”<< d;

cout<<”Multi. is = ”<< e;

cout<<”Div. is = ”<< f;

getch();

EXPERIMENT NO. 6 (A)

WRITE A PROGRAM TO CALCULATE AREA OF CIRCLE.

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#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

clrscr();

int r;

float area ;

cout <<"Enter the value of Radius ";

cin>>r ;

area = (3.14 * r*r);

cout <<"Area of circle = "<< area;

getch () ;

EXPERIMENT NO. 6 (B)

WRITE A PROGRAM TO CALCULATE AREA OF TRIANGLE.

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#include<iostream. h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

clrscr();

int b,h:

float area ;

cout <<"Enter the value of b " ;

cin>>b;

cout <<"Enter the value of h ";

cin>> h;

area= ((1/2)*b*h);

cout <<" Area of Triangle is = "<< c;

getch();

EXPERIMENT NO. 7 (A)

WRITE A PROGRAM TO CALCULATE AREA OF A ROOM.

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#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int l,h,b,v;

cout <<"Enter to length, height , width";

cin>>l>>h>>b;

v = (l* h * b);

cout <<"Vol of room ="<<v;

getch ();

EXPERIMENT NO. 7 (B)

WRITE A PROGRAM TO INTERCHANGE VALUES OF ANY TWO VARIABLES.

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#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

int a,b,c;

cout <<"Enter The val of A ";

cin>>a;

cout <<"Enter The val of B ";

cin >>b;

c =a;

a =b;

b =c;

cout<<"a= "<<a ;

cout <<"b = "<<b;

getch() ;

EXPERIMENT NO. 8 (A)

WRITE A PROGRAM TO PRINT EITHER EVEN OR ODD NUMBER

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#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

clrscr();

int i;

cout<<”enter the value of i”;

cin>>I;

if(i%2 = = 0)

cout<<”number is even”;

else

cout<<”number is odd”;

getch();

EXPERIMENT NO. 8 (B)

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WRITE A PROGRAM TO PRINT SUM OF CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS USING

WHILE LOOP.

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

void main()

clrscr();

int n, i = 1;

cout<<”Enter a positive number”;

cin>>n;

long sum = 0;

while(i<=n)

sum += i++;

cout<<”The sum of the first”<<n<<”Integers is”<<sum;

getch();

Viva Questions 2. What is Operating system?

3. How many types of O.S?
1. What is computer architecture 4. Function of Operating system (OS)?
Explain it with brief description? 5. What are programming languages?

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6. Difference between POP&OOPS? 22 Explain various memory management

7. What is the main feature of OOPS? schemes?
8. What are tokens in programming?
9. Explain the operator precedence 23 How the network is configured? what
using a table? also explain the types is the need of various networking
of all logical and arithmetic
operators? Devices?

10. What are class identifiers explain it 24What are Constructors & Destructors?
using practical example? 25 Explain all the layers of ISO-OSI
11.what are classes and objects n OOPS? model?

12Explain the concept of Inheritance and 26 Differentiate between TCP/IP protocol

its all types through practical examples? suite and OSI model?

13what is data hiding? Explain how it is 27 How security is achieved in computer

achieved? networking?

14 What is data dependence in 28 Explain the physical and logical

Database? addressing?

15 What s polymorphism and what are 29 Explain the function of data link layer
its types? in brief?

16 Explain the process of compilation? 30 Differentiate between Internet and

Intranet?
17 Explain all types of language
processors? 31 what is software ?Explain system and
application software?
18 Explain all the generation of
computes? 32 What is a process also explain the
process state diagram?
19 Explain various types of registers:
33 What are CISC&RISC instruction
(a) Stack pointer. sets in computers?
(b) Program counter.
(c) Memory data buffer(MDB) 34what is virtual memory? How virtual
(d) Memory address registers(MAR) memory is realized?

20.Explain various types of database 35What is file management and how it is

models? done by OS?

21.What are the various services 36. What is DBA?

provided by the operating systems?
37. Define keys?

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38. How many types of keys? 52. What is functions?

39. What is primary key? 53. What is operator?

40. Define super key, foreign key, and 54. Applications of OPERATING
alternate key. SYSTEM?

41. What is Data Definition Language & 55. Why we use getch ()?
Manipulation Languages?
57. What is the function of ‘iostream’ &
42. Define computer networking. ‘conio’?

43. What is ISO-OSI model? 58. What is STRING?

44. functions of each layer of OSI model. 59. Define I/O operations?

45. Defne TCP/IP model. 60. Difference b/w keywords &

identifier?
46. what is protocol?
61. Wap to find out the PRIME
47. What s the full form of WWW? NUMBERS.
48. Why we use DBMS? 62. Define real time operating system?
49. Differniate between OSI & TCP/IP 63. Differences between primary and
model? super keys?
50. What is remote sensing? 64. What is USER DEDFINED DATA
51. Define GIS? TYPE?

65. What is’# include’?

66 Explain cloud computing?

67.Models of cloud computing.

68.Services of cloud computing.

69.Explain malicious software.

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