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Java version history

The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library. Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of
the Java language has been governed by the Java Community Process (JCP), which uses Java Specification Requests (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to
the Java platform. The language is specified by the Java Language Specification (JLS); changes to the JLS are managed under JSR 901 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=
901).

In addition to the language changes, much more dramatic changes have been made to the Java Class Library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in
JDK 1.0 to over three thousand in J2SE 5. Entire new APIs, such as Swing and Java2D, have been introduced, and many of the original JDK 1.0 classes and methods have
been deprecated. Some programs allow conversion of Java programs from one version of the Java platform to an older one (for example Java 5.0 backported to 1.4) (see Java
backporting tools).

In September 2017, Mark Reinhold, chief Architect of the Java Platform, proposed to change the release train to "one feature release every six months" rather than the current
two-year schedule,[1][2] and later the proposal took effect.

Java 11 is a currently supported long-term support (LTS) version ("Oracle Customers will receive Oracle Premier Support"); Oracle released for the "legacy" Java 8 LTS the last
free "public update" in January 2019 for commercial use, while it will otherwise still support Java 8 with public updates for personal use up to at least December 2020.[3] Java
10 is the previously supported rapid release version. Java 10 support ended on the same date that support for Java 11 began, in September 2018. Java 7 is no longer publicly
supported, and Java 9 has stopped receiving updates since Java 9 was a short-term rapid release version that has been superseded by Java 10 and now Java 11. For Java 11,
long-term support will not be provided by Oracle for the public; instead, the broader OpenJDK community, as AdoptOpenJDK or others, is expected to perform the work.[4]

Java 13 General Availability occurred on the 17th of September,[5] and Java 14 has an Early Access build.[6]

Contents
JDK 1.0
JDK 1.1
J2SE 1.2
J2SE 1.3
J2SE 1.4
J2SE 5.0

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Versioning change
Java 5 updates Release End of Free Extended
Version
date Public Updates[7][8] Support Until
Java SE 6
Java 6 updates JDK Beta 1995 ? ?

Java SE 7 JDK 1.0 January 1996 ? ?

Java 7 updates
JDK 1.1 February 1997 ? ?
Java SE 8
J2SE 1.2 December 1998 ? ?
Java 8 updates
Java SE 9 J2SE 1.3 May 2000 ? ?

Java 9 updates J2SE 1.4 February 2002 October 2008 February 2013
Java SE 10 J2SE 5.0 September 2004 November 2009 April 2015
Java 10 updates
Java SE 6 December 2006 April 2013 December 2018
Java SE 11
Java 11 updates Java SE 7 July 2011 April 2015 July 2022

Java SE 12 January 2019 for Oracle (commercial)

Java 12 updates Java SE 8 (LTS) March 2014 December 2020 for Oracle (personal use) March 2025
At least September 2023 for AdoptOpenJDK
Java SE 13
Java 13 updates Java SE 9 September 2017 March 2018 for OpenJDK N/A

Possible future features Java SE 10 March 2018 September 2018 for OpenJDK N/A

Implementations Java SE 11 (LTS) September 2018 September 2023 for AdoptOpenJDK September 2026
References Java SE 12 March 2019 September 2019 for OpenJDK N/A
External links Java SE 13 September 2019 March 2020 for OpenJDK N/A

Java SE 14 March 2020 September 2020 for OpenJDK N/A

JDK 1.0 Java SE 15 September 2020 March 2021 for OpenJDK N/A

Java SE 16 March 2021 September 2021 for OpenJDK N/A

The first version was released on January 23, 1996.[9][10]
The first stable version, JDK 1.0.2, is called Java 1.[10] Java SE 17 (LTS) September 2021 TBA TBA
Legend: Old version Older version, still supported Latest version Latest preview version Future release

JDK 1.1
Major additions in the release on February 19, 1997 included:[11]

an extensive retooling of the AWT event model

inner classes added to the language
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JavaBeans
JDBC
RMI
reflection which supported Introspection only, no modification at runtime was possible. (The ability to modify objects reflectively was added in J2SE 1.2, by introducing the
AccessibleObject (https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.base/java/lang/reflect/AccessibleObject.html) class and its subclasses such as the Field (http
s://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.base/java/lang/reflect/Field.html) class.)
JIT (Just In Time) compiler on Microsoft Windows platforms, produced for JavaSoft by Symantec
Internationalization and Unicode support originating from Taligent[12]

J2SE 1.2
Codename Playground. The release on December 8, 1998 and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded retrospectively Java 2 and the version name "J2SE"
(Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro
Edition). This was a very significant release of Java as it tripled the size of the Java platform to 1520 classes in 59 packages. Major additions included:[13]

strictfp keyword
the Swing graphical API was integrated into the core classes
Sun's JVM was equipped with a JIT compiler for the first time
Java plug-in
Java IDL, an IDL implementation for CORBA interoperability
Collections framework

J2SE 1.3
Codename Kestrel. The most notable changes in the May 8, 2000 release were:[14][15]

HotSpot JVM included (the HotSpot JVM was first released in April 1999 for the J2SE 1.2 JVM)
RMI was modified to support optional compatibility with CORBA
Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) included in core libraries (previously available as an extension)
Java Platform Debugger Architecture (JPDA)
JavaSound
Synthetic proxy classes

J2SE 1.4
Codename Merlin. The February 6, 2002 release was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59 (http://www.jcp.org/en/j
sr/detail?id=59). Major changes included:[16][17]

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Language changes

assert keyword (specified in JSR 41 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=41))

Library improvements

Regular expressions modeled after Perl regular expressions

Exception chaining allows an exception to encapsulate original lower-level exception
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) support
Non-blocking I/O (Java) (named NIO) (specified in JSR 51 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=51))
Logging API (specified in JSR 47 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=47))
Image I/O API for reading and writing images in formats like JPEG and PNG
Integrated XML parser and XSLT processor (JAXP) (specified in JSR 5 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=5) and JSR 63 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=63))
Integrated security and cryptography extensions (JCE, JSSE, JAAS)
Java Web Start included (Java Web Start was first released in March 2001 for J2SE 1.3) (specified in JSR 56 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=56))
Preferences API (java.util.prefs)

Public support and security updates for Java 1.4 ended in October 2008. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in February 2013.[18]

J2SE 5.0
Codename Tiger. The release on September 30, 2004 was originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number. The number was changed to "better
reflect the level of maturity, stability, scalability and security of the J2SE".[19] This version was developed under JSR 176 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=176).

J2SE 5.0 entered its end-of-public-updates period on April 8, 2008; updates are no longer available to the public as of November 3, 2009. Updates were available to paid
Oracle customers until May 2015.[20]

Tiger added a number of significant new language features:[21][22]

Generics: provides compile-time (static) type safety for collections and eliminates the need for most typecasts (type conversion) (specified by JSR 14 (http://www.jcp.org/
en/jsr/detail?id=14))
Metadata: also called annotations; allows language constructs such as classes and methods to be tagged with additional data, which can then be processed by
metadata-aware utilities (specified by JSR 175 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=175))
Autoboxing/unboxing: automatic conversions between primitive types (such as int) and primitive wrapper classes (such as Integer (https://docs.oracle.com/java
se/10/docs/api/java/lang/Integer.html)) (specified by JSR 201 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=201))
Enumerations: the enum keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.MONDAY, Day.TUESDAY, etc.); previously this could only be achieved by non-
typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern) (specified by JSR 201 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=201))
Varargs: the last parameter of a method can now be declared using a type name followed by three dots (e.g. void drawtext(String... lines)); in the calling code
any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method, or alternatively the calling code can pass an array of
that type
Enhanced for each loop: the for loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or any Iterable (https://docs.oracl
e.com/javase/10/docs/api/java/lang/Iterable.html), such as the standard Collection (https://docs.oracle.com/javase/10/docs/api/java/util/Coll
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ection.html) classes (specified by JSR 201 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=201))

Improved semantics of execution for multi-threaded Java programs; the new Java memory model addresses issues of complexity, effectiveness, and performance of
previous specifications[23]
Static imports
There were also the following improvements to the standard libraries:

Automatic stub generation for RMI objects

Swing: New skinnable look and feel, called synth
The concurrency utilities (https://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/guide/concurrency/overview.html) in package java.util.concurrent (https://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/doc
s/api/java/util/concurrent/package-summary.html)[24]
Scanner class for parsing data from various input streams and buffers
Java 5 is the last release of Java to officially support Microsoft Windows 98 and Windows ME,[25] while Windows Vista was the newest version of Windows that J2SE 5 was
supported on prior to Java 5 going end-of-life in October of 2009.[18]

Java 5 Update 5 (1.5.0_05) is the last release of Java to work on Windows 95 (with Internet Explorer 5.5 installed) and Windows NT 4.0.[26]

Java 5 was first available on Apple Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger)[27] and was the default version of Java installed on Apple Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard).

Public support and security updates for Java 1.5 ended in November 2009. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in April 2015.

Versioning change
This version introduced a new versioning system for the Java language, although the old versioning system continued to be used for developer libraries:

Both version numbers "1.5.0" and "5.0" are used to identify this release of the Java 2 Platform Standard Edition. Version "5.0" is the product version, while
"1.5.0" is the developer version. The number "5.0" is used to better reflect the level of maturity, stability, scalability and security of the J2SE.

— Version 1.5.0 or 5.0? (http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/relnotes/version-5.0.html)[28]

This correspondence continued through later releases (Java 6 = JDK 1.6, Java 7 = JDK 1.7, and so on).

Java 5 updates

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Table of Java 5 updates

Release Release date Highlights
Metadata, generic types, autoboxing and auto-unboxing of primitive types, enhanced for loop, enumerated types, static
import, formatted I/O, varargs, and concurrency utilities. Improved startup time and memory footprint. Sharing of read-
Java SE 5 2004-10-04 only data between multiple running JVMs. Remote monitoring and management. A new JVM profiling API. Programmatic
generation of stack traces. Support for XML 1.1 with Namespaces, XML Schema, SAX 2.0.2, DOM Level 3, and XSLT
with a fast XSLTC compiler. Unicode 4.0 support.
Java SE 5 Update 1 2004-12-25 50 bugs have been fixed.
A few crashes were fixed. The program is now compiled with better optimization. Calendar bugfixes and other bugfixes
Java SE 5 Update 2 2005-03-16
were made.
Java SE 5 Update 3 2005-05-03 This release fixes several bugs, including crashes of the Linux Mozilla plugin.
With the release, J2SE support for Windows 64-bit has progressed from release candidate to final release. This version
Java SE 5 Update 4 2005-07-04
runs on AMD64/EM64T 64-bit mode machines with Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions.
Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made. Last release for Windows 95 and Windows NT
Java SE 5 Update 5 2005-09-18
4.0.
Prior to this update, an applet or application could specify the version of the JRE on which it would run. This has
Java SE 5 Update 6 2005-12-07
changed. All applets are executed with the latest JRE version.
Java SE 5 Update 7 2006-05-29 Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made.
Java SE 5 Update 8 2006-08-13 Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made.
Java SE 5 Update 9 2006-11-12 This release fixes several minor regressions.
Java SE 5 Update 10 2006-12-22 An implementation of the epoll I/O event notification facility, supported by Linux 2.6, was added. Many bugs were fixed.
Java SE 5 Update 11 2007-03-08 Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made.
Java SE 5 Update 12 2007-06-11
Multiple security vulnerabilities in Java Web Start relating to local file access were fixed. A security vulnerability in the
Java SE 5 Update 13 2007-10-05 JRE allowing network access restrictions to be circumvented was fixed. Several other security issues and minor bugs
were fixed.
Java SE 5 Update 14
Several crashes due to heap buffer out-of-bounds were fixed, along with several other bugs. New root certificates from
Java SE 5 Update 15 2008-03-06
AOL, DigiCert, and TrustCenter are now included.
This release fixes several security flaws, such as DoS vulnerabilities, buffer overflows, and other bugs which could lead
Java SE 5 Update 16 2008-07-23 to crashes or which would give applets access to certain system resources. These vulnerabilities were located in Java
Web Start, in the Java Management Extensions (JMX) Management Agent, and in the functions for handling XML data.
Java SE 5 Update 17 2008-12-03 The UTF-8 charset implementation was updated to handle the non-shortest form of UTF-8 byte sequences, introducing
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an incompatibility from previous releases. New root certificates were added. Many bugs were fixed.
Several security issues were resolved. The behavior of the JNDI feature to store and retrieve Java objects in an LDAP
Java SE 5 Update 18 2009-03-25
directory was slightly modified. Five new root certificates were added. Many bugs were fixed.
Support was added for several system configurations. Service Tag support was added. Many bugs were fixed, including
Java SE 5 Update 19 2009-05-29
several crashes and memory leaks.
Several security vulnerabilities were resolved, such as potential system access by untrusted applets, and integer
Java SE 5 Update 20 2009-08-06 overflows in image processing and in Unpack200. Several new root certificates were added. Many other minor bugs
were fixed.
Java SE 5 Update 21 2009-09-09 Many minor bugs were fixed.
This release marks the End of Service Life (EOSL) for Java 5, and is its final public version. Several security
Java SE 5 Update 22 2009-11-04 vulnerabilities, reported as Sun Alerts 269868, 270474, 270475, and 270476, were fixed. Several other bugs were fixed.
Furthermore, two new root certificates were added.
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 23 2010-01-13
Cluster; 32 security fixes.
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 24 2010-04-15
Cluster; 2 security fixes.
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 25 2010-07-07
Cluster; 26 security fixes.
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 26 2010-10-12
Cluster; 2 security fixes.
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 27 2010-12-08
Cluster; 22 security fixes.
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 28 2011-02-15
Cluster; 22 security fixes[29]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 29 2011-03-21
Cluster; 21 security fixes.
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 30 2011-06-07
Cluster; 1 security fix.
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 31 2011-08-16
Cluster; 10 security fixes.
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 32 2011-10-18
Cluster; 20 security fixes[30]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 33 2011-12-12
Cluster; 21 security fixes.
Java SE 5 Update 34 2012-02-14 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
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Cluster; 14 security fixes[31]

Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 35 2012-04-26
Cluster; 5 security fixes.
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 36 2012-06-12
Cluster; 14 security fixes[32]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 38 2012-08-14
Cluster; 30 security fixes[33]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 39 2013-02-19
Cluster; 50 security fixes[34]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 40 2013-02-19
Cluster; 5 security fixes[35]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 41 2013-03-04
Cluster; 2 security fixes[36]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 45 2013-04-16
Cluster; 42 security fixes[37]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 51 2013-06-18
Cluster; 40 security fixes[38]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 55 2013-10-15
Cluster; 51 security fixes[39]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 61 2014-01-14
Cluster; 36 security fixes[40]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 65 2014-04-15
Cluster; 37 security fixes[41]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 71 2014-07-15
Cluster; 20 security fixes[42]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 75 2014-10-16
Cluster; 25 security fixes[43]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 81 2015-01-21
Cluster; 19 security fixes[44]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 5 Update 85 2015-04-14
Cluster; 14 security fixes[45]

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Java SE 6
Codename Mustang. As of the version released on December 11, 2006, Sun replaced the name "J2SE" with Java SE and dropped the ".0" from the version number.[46]
Internal numbering for developers remains 1.6.0.[47] This version was developed under JSR 270 (http://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=270).

During the development phase, new builds including enhancements and bug fixes were released approximately weekly. Beta versions were released in February and June
2006, leading up to a final release that occurred on December 11, 2006.

Major changes included in this version:[48][49]

Support for older Win9x versions dropped; unofficially, Java 6 Update 7 was the last release of Java shown to work on these versions of Windows. This is believed to be
due to the major changes in Update 10.
Scripting Language Support (JSR 223): Generic API for tight integration with scripting languages, and built-in Mozilla JavaScript Rhino integration.
Dramatic performance improvements for the core platform,[50][51] and Swing.
Improved Web Service support through JAX-WS (JSR 224).
JDBC 4.0 support (JSR 221).
Java Compiler API (JSR 199): an API allowing a Java program to select and invoke a Java Compiler programmatically.
Upgrade of JAXB to version 2.0: Including integration of a StAX parser.
Support for pluggable annotations (JSR 269).[52]
Many GUI improvements, such as integration of SwingWorker in the API, table sorting and filtering, and true Swing double-buffering (eliminating the gray-area effect).
JVM improvements include: synchronization and compiler performance optimizations, new algorithms and upgrades to existing garbage collection algorithms, and
application start-up performance.
Java 6 can be installed to Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) running on 64-bit (Core 2 Duo and higher) processor machines.[53] Java 6 is also supported by both 32-bit and 64-bit
machines running Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard).

Java 6 reached the end of its supported life in February 2013, at which time all public updates, including security updates, were scheduled to be stopped.[54][55] Oracle
released two more updates to Java 6 in March and April 2013, which patched some security vulnerabilities.[56][57]

Java 6 updates
After Java 6 release, Sun, and later Oracle, released several updates which, while not changing any public API, enhanced end-user usability or fixed bugs.[58]

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Table of Java 6 updates

Release Release date Highlights
This release adds many enhancements in the fields of Web services, scripting, databases, pluggable annotations, and
Java SE 6 2006-12-23 security, as well as quality, compatibility, and stability. JConsole is now officially supported. Java DB support has been
added.
Java SE 6 Update 1 2007-05-07
Java SE 6 Update 2 2007-07-03
Java SE 6 Update 3 2007-10-03
Java SE 6 Update 4 2008-01-14 HotSpot VM 10
Java SE 6 Update 5 2008-03-05 Several security flaws were eliminated. New root certificates from AOL, DigiCert, and TrustCenter are now included.
A workaround for the infamous Xlib/XCB locking assertion issue was introduced. A memory leak when using Kerberos
Java SE 6 Update 6 2008-04-16
authentication with LoginContext was fixed. Several other bugs were fixed.
Unofficially, Java SE 6 Update 7 (1.6.0.7) is the last version of Java that was shown to be working on the Win9x family of
Java SE 6 Update 7[59]
operating systems
HotSpot VM 11. Major changes for this update include:

Java Deployment Toolkit, a set of JavaScript functions to ease the deployment of applets and Java Web Start
applications.[61]
Java Kernel, a small installer including only the most commonly used JRE classes. Other packages are downloaded
when needed.
Enhanced updater.
Java SE 6 Update 10[60] 2008-10-15
Enhanced versioning and pack200 support: server-side support is no longer required.[62]
Java Quick Starter, to improve cold start-up time.
Improved performance of Java2D graphics primitives on Windows, using Direct3D and hardware acceleration.
A new Swing look and feel called Nimbus and based on synth.[63]
Next-Generation Java Plug-In: applets now run in a separate process and support many features of Web Start
applications.[64]

Java SE 6 Update 11[65] 2008-12-03 13 security fixes[66]

No security fixes; 64-bit Java plug-in (for 64-bit web browsers only); Windows Server 2008 support; performance
Java SE 6 Update 12[67] 2008-12-12
improvements of graphics and JavaFX applications
7 security fixes, JNDI store and retrieve Java objects in LDAP slightly modified, JMX Change
Java SE 6 Update 13[68] 2009-03-24
(createMBeanunregisterMBean), 4 new root certificates added

Java SE 6 Update 14[69] 2009-05-28 HotSpot VM 14. This release includes extensive performance updates to the JIT compiler, compressed pointers for 64-bit
machines, as well as support for the G1 (Garbage First) low-pause garbage collector.[70][71]
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The -XX:+DoEscapeAnalysis option directs the HotSpot JIT compiler to use escape analysis to determine if local
objects can be allocated on the stack instead of the heap.[72]

Some developers have noticed an issue introduced in this release which causes debuggers to miss breakpoints
seemingly randomly.[73] Sun has a corresponding bug, which is tracking the issue. The workaround applies to the Client
and Server VMs.[74] Using the -XX:+UseParallelGC option will prevent the failure. Another workaround is to roll back to
update 13, or to upgrade to update 16.

Java SE 6 Update 15 2009-08-04 Introduced patch-in-place functionality[75]

Java SE 6 Update 16 2009-08-11 Fixed the issue introduced in update 14 which caused debuggers to miss breakpoints[76]

Java SE 6 Update 17[77] 2009-11-04 Security fixes; two new root certificates

No security fixes; Hotspot VM 16; support for Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Desktop Edition, SLES 11, Windows 7, Red Hat
Java SE 6 Update 18[78] 2010-01-13
Enterprise Linux 5.3, Firefox 3.6, VisualVM 1.2; updated Java DB; many performance improvements
Security fixes; root certificate changes: seven new, three removed, five replaced with stronger signature algorithms;
Java SE 6 Update 19[79] 2010-03-30
interim fix for TLS renegotiation attack

Java SE 6 Update 20[80] 2010-04-15 2 security fixes

No security fixes; Hotspot VM 17; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 and 5.5, Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.8, 5.4, 5.5;
Java SE 6 Update 21[81] 2010-07-07
Google Chrome 4 support; support for Customized Loading Progress Indicators; VisualVM 1.2.2

Java SE 6 Update 22[82] 2010-10-12 29 security fixes; RFC 5746 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5746) support

Java SE 6 Update 23[83] 2010-12-08 No security fixes; Hotspot VM 19; better support for right-to-left languages

Java SE 6 Update 24[84] 2011-02-15 21 security fixes; updated Java DB

No security fixes; Hotspot VM 20; support for Internet Explorer 9, Firefox 4 and Chrome 10; improved BigDecimal;
includes "tiered" compilation in the Server VM that enables it to start quickly as does the Client VM, while achieving
Java SE 6 Update 25 2011-03-21
better peak performance (this feature is enabled by specifying -server and -XX:+TieredCompilation command
options)[85]

Java SE 6 Update 26[86] 2011-06-07 17 new security fixes;[87] last version compatible with Windows Vista SP1

Java SE 6 Update 27[88] 2011-08-16 No security fixes; certification for Firefox 5

Java SE 6 Update 29[89] 2011-10-18 20 security fixes, various bug fixes[90]

Java SE 6 Update 30[91] 2011-12-12 No security fixes; fix for SSL regression in Update 29; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6

Java SE 6 Update 31[92] 2012-02-14 14 security fixes and one bug fix; last version work reliably for Windows 2000[93]

JAVA SE 6 Update 32[94] 2012-04-26 No security fixes, various bug fixes

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Java SE 6 Update 33[95] 2012-06-12 14 security fixes, improved VM configuration file loading

Java SE 6 Update 34[96] 2012-08-14 No security fixes, various bug fixes

Java SE 6 Update 35[97] 2012-08-30 Contains a security-in-depth fix[98]

Java SE 6 Update 37[99] 2012-10-16 30 security fixes

Java SE 6 Update 38[100] 2012-12-11 Various bug fixes[101]

Java SE 6 Update 39[102] 2013-02-01 50 security fixes

Java SE 6 Update 41[103] 2013-02-19 5 security fixes

Java SE 6 Update 43[104] 2013-03-04 2 security fixes

Java SE 6 Update 45[105] 2013-04-16 42 security fixes;[106] other changes;[105] final public update.[107]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard,
Java SE 6 Update 51[108] 2013-06-18
Lion & Mountain Lion; up to 40 security fixes[109]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard,
Java SE 6 Update 65[110] 2013-10-15
Lion & Mountain Lion; at least 11 critical security fixes[111]

Java SE 6 Update 71[112] 2014-01-14 Not available for public download; 33 fixes[113]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 75[114] 2014-04-15
Cluster no. #54; 25 security fixes[115]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 81[116] 2014-07-15
Cluster; 11 security fixes[117]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 85[118] 2014-10-16
Cluster; 18 security fixes[119]

Linux x64 and Windows i586 versions are available as the Java SE 6 Reference Implementation.[121] Other versions are
Java SE 6 Update 91[120] 2015-01-21 only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security
fixes[122]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 95 2015-04-14
Cluster; 14 security fixes[123]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 101 2015-07-15
Cluster; 18 security fixes[124] Certification for IE 10 and 11 was introduced in 1.6.0_101
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 105 2015-10-20
Cluster; 17 security fixes[125]
Java SE 6 Update 111 2016-01-20 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset

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Cluster; 13 security fixes[126]

Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 113 2016-02-05
Cluster; 1 security fix[127]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 115 2016-04-21
Cluster; 8 security fixes[128]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 121 2016-07-19
Cluster; 15 security fixes[129]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 131 2016-10-18
Cluster; 13 security fixes[130]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 141 2017-01-17
Cluster; 17 security fixes[131]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 151 2017-04-18
Cluster; 10 security fixes[132]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 161 2017-07-18
Cluster; 5 security fixes[133]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 171 2017-10-20
Cluster; 7 security fixes[134]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 181 2018-01-16
Cluster; 12 security fixes[135]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 191 2018-04-17
Cluster; 7 security fixes[136]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 201 2018-07-17
Cluster; 3 security fixes[137]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 6 Update 211 2018-10-18
Cluster; 8 security fixes[138]

Java SE 7
Java 7 (codename Dolphin[139]) is a major update that was launched on July 7, 2011[140] and was made available for developers on July 28, 2011.[141] The development period
was organized into thirteen milestones; on June 6, 2011, the last of the thirteen milestones was finished.[142][143] On average, 8 builds (which generally included
enhancements and bug fixes) were released per milestone. The feature list at the OpenJDK 7 project (https://openjdk.java.net/projects/jdk7/features/) lists many of the
changes.

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Additions in Java 7 include:[144]

JVM support for dynamic languages, with the new invokedynamic bytecode under JSR-292,[145] following the prototyping work currently done on the Multi Language
Virtual Machine
Compressed 64-bit pointers[146] (available in Java 6 with -XX:+UseCompressedOops)[147]
These small language changes (grouped under a project named Coin):[148]

Strings in switch[149]
Automatic resource management in try-statement[150]
Improved type inference for generic instance creation, aka the diamond operator <>[151]
Simplified varargs method declaration[152]
Binary integer literals[153]
Allowing underscores in numeric literals[154]
Catching multiple exception types and rethrowing exceptions with improved type checking[155]

Concurrency utilities under JSR 166[156]

New file I/O library (defined by JSR 203) adding support for multiple file systems, file metadata and symbolic links. The new packages are java.nio.file,
java.nio.file.attribute and java.nio.file.spi[157][158]
Timsort is used to sort collections and arrays of objects instead of merge sort
Library-level support for elliptic curve cryptography algorithms
An XRender pipeline for Java 2D, which improves handling of features specific to modern GPUs
New platform APIs for the graphics features originally implemented in version 6u10 as unsupported APIs[159]
Enhanced library-level support for new network protocols, including SCTP and Sockets Direct Protocol
Upstream updates to XML and Unicode
Java deployment rule sets[160]
Lambda (Java's implementation of lambda functions), Jigsaw (Java's implementation of modules), and part of Coin were dropped from Java 7, and released as part of Java 8
(except for Jigsaw, which was released in Java 9).[161][162]

Java 7 was the default version to download on java.com from April 2012 until Java 8 was released.[163]

Java 7 updates
Oracle issued public updates to the Java 7 family on a quarterly basis[164] until April 2015 when the product reached the end of its public availability.[165] Further updates for
JDK 7, which are scheduled to continue until Jul 2022, are only made available to customers with a support contract.[166]

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Table of Java 7 updates

Release Release date Highlights

Java SE 7[167] 2011-07-28 Initial release; HotSpot VM 21

Java SE 7 Update 1[168] 2011-10-18 20 security fixes, other bug fixes

No security fixes; HotSpot VM 22; reliability and performance improvements; support for Solaris 11 and Firefox 5 and
Java SE 7 Update 2[169] 2011-12-12
later; JavaFX included with Java SE JDK, improvements for web-deployed applications

Java SE 7 Update 3[170] 2012-02-14 14 security fixes[171]

Java SE 7 Update 4[172] 2012-04-26 No security updates; HotSpot VM 23; JDK Support for Mac OS X

Java SE 7 Update 5[173] 2012-06-12 14 security fixes[174]

JavaFX and Java Access Bridge included in Java SE JDK and JRE installation, JavaFX support for touch-enabled
Java SE 7 Update 6[175] 2012-08-14
monitors and touch pads, JavaFX support for Linux, JDK and JRE Support for Mac OS X, JDK for Linux on ARM[176]

Java SE 7 Update 7[177] 2012-08-30 4 security fixes[98]

Java SE 7 Update 9[178] 2012-10-16 30 security vulnerabilities fixes[179]

New security features, such as the ability to disable any Java application from running in the browser and new dialogs
Java SE 7 Update 10[180] 2012-12-11
to warn you when the JRE is insecure, and bug fixes
Olson Data 2012i; bugfix for problems with registration of plugin on systems with Stand-alone version of JavaFX
Java SE 7 Update 11[181] 2013-01-13 Installed, security fixes for CVE-2013-0422;[182] the default security level for Java applets and web start applications
has been increased from "Medium" to "High"

Java SE 7 Update 13[183] 2013-02-01 50 security fixes

Java SE 7 Update 15[184] 2013-02-19 5 security fixes

Java SE 7 Update 17[185] 2013-03-04 2 security fixes

Multiple changes including 42 security fixes, a new Server JRE that doesn't include the plug-in, and the JDK for Linux
Java SE 7 Update 21[186] 2013-04-16
on ARM

Java SE 7 Update 25[187] 2013-06-18 Multiple changes including 40 security fixes[109][188]

Java SE 7 Update 40[189] 2013-09-10 621 bug fixes,[190] New security features, hardfloat ARM, Java Mission Control 5.2 and Retina Display support[191]

51 security fixes;[193] protections against unauthorized redistribution of Java applications; restore security prompts;
Java SE 7 Update 45[192] 2013-10-15
JAXP changes; TimeZone.setDefault change
36 security fixes; block JAVA applets without manifest (like Remote console – Java Applet – IBM IMM card, HP iLO
Java SE 7 Update 51[194] 2014-01-14
card) even if warning dialog is with sentence "will be blocked in next version",[195][196] 17 bug fixes

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Java SE 7 Update 55[197] 2014-04-15 37 security fixes,[198] 19 bug fixes[199]

Java SE 7 Update 60[200] 2014-05-28 Java Mission Control 5.3,[201] 130 bug fixes[202]

Java SE 7 Update 65[203] 2014-07-15 18 bug fixes[204]

Java SE 7 Update 67[205] 2014-08-04 1 bug fix[206]

Java SE 7 Update 71[207] 2014-10-14 16 bug fixes[208]

Java SE 7 Update 72[209] 2014-10-14 Same release date with Update 71 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7,[210] 36 bug fixes[211]

Java SE 7 Update 75[212] 2015-01-20 12 bug fixes,[213] SSLv3 disabled by default

Java SE 7 Update 76[214] 2015-01-20 Same release date with Update 75 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7,[210] 97 bug fixes[215]

Java SE 7 Update 79[216] 2015-04-14 21 security fixes, 6 bug fixes,[217]

Last public release of Java 7; same release date with Update 79 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java
Java SE 7 Update 80[218] 2015-04-14
SE 7, 104 bug fixes[219]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 85 2015-07-15
Cluster; 25 security fixes[220]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 91 2015-10-20
Cluster; 20 security fixes[221]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 95 2016-01-19
Cluster; 8 security fixes[222]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 97 2016-02-05
Cluster; 1 security fix[223]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 99 2016-03-23
Cluster; 1 security fix[224]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 101 2016-04-18
Cluster; 22 security fixes[225]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 111 2016-07-19
Cluster; 36 security fixes[226]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 121 2016-10-18
Cluster; 32 security fixes[227]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 131 2017-01-17
Cluster; 34 security fixes[228]
Java SE 7 Update 141 2017-04-18 Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Cluster; 8 security fixes[229]
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Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 151 2017-07-18
Cluster; 4 security fixes[230]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 161 2017-10-20
Cluster; 4 security fixes[231]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 171 2018-01-16
Cluster; 51 security fixes[232]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 181 2018-04-17
Cluster; 12 security fixes[233]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 191 2018-07-17
Cluster; 9 security fixes[234]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 201 2018-10-18
Cluster; 13 security fixes[235]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 211 2019-01-15
Cluster; 5 security fixes[236]
Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset
Java SE 7 Update 221 2019-04-16
Cluster; 5 security fixes[237]

Java SE 8
Java 8 was released on March 18, 2014,[238][239] and included some features that were planned for Java 7 but later deferred.[240]

Work on features was organized in terms of JDK Enhancement Proposals (JEPs).[241]

JSR 335, JEP 126: Language-level support for lambda expressions (officially, lambda expressions; unofficially, closures) under Project Lambda[242] and default methods
(virtual extension methods)[243][244][245] which allow the addition of methods to interfaces without breaking existing implementations. There was an ongoing debate in the
Java community on whether to add support for lambda expressions.[246][247] Sun later declared that lambda expressions would be included in Java and asked for
community input to refine the feature.[248] Supporting lambda expressions also enables functional-style operations on streams of elements, such as MapReduce-inspired
transformations on collections. Default methods allow an author of an API to add new methods to an interface without breaking the old code using it. Although it was not
their primary intent,[243] default methods also allow multiple inheritance of behavior (but not state).

JSR 223, JEP 174: Project Nashorn, a JavaScript runtime which allows developers to embed JavaScript code within applications
JSR 308, JEP 104: Annotation on Java types[249]
Unsigned integer arithmetic[250]
JSR 337, JEP 120: Repeating annotations[251]
JSR 310, JEP 150: Date and time API[252]
JEP 178: Statically-linked JNI libraries[253]
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JEP 153: Launch JavaFX applications (direct launching of JavaFX application JARs)[254]
JEP 122: Remove the permanent generation[255]
Java 8 is not supported on Windows XP[256] but as of JDK 8 update 25, it can still be installed and run under Windows XP.[257] Previous updates of JDK 8 could be run under
XP, but had to be installed after a forced installation by directly unzipping files from the installation executable.

From October 2014, Java 8 was the default version to download (and then again the download replacing Java 9) from the official website.[258] "Oracle will continue to provide
Public Updates and auto updates of Java SE 8, until at least the end of December 2020 for Personal Users, and January 2019 for Commercial Users".[3]

Java 8 updates

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Table of Java 8 updates

Release Release date Highlights
Java SE 8 2014-03-18 Initial release

Java SE 8 Update 5[259] 2014-04-15 Using "*" in Caller-Allowable-Codebase attribute; 11 bug fixes

Java Dependency Analysis Tool (jdeps); Java Control Panel option to disable sponsors; JAR file attribute – Entry-Point;
Java SE 8 Update 11[260] 2014-07-15
JAXP processing limit property – maxElementDepth; 18 security bug fixes,[261] 15 bug fixes

Java SE 8 Update 20[262] 2014-08-19 669 bug fixes,[263] JMC 5.4, String deduplication (disabled by default)

Java SE 8 Update 25[264] 2014-10-14 10 bug fixes

Java SE 8 Update 31[265] 2015-01-19 26 bug fixes; SSLv3 (disabled by default)

645 bug fixes,[267] Added the notion of "memory pressure" to help indicate how much of system's memory is still
Java SE 8 Update 40[266] 2015-03-03
available (low pressure = high memory, high pressure = low memory)

Java SE 8 Update 45[268] 2015-04-14 13 bug fixes

Java SE 8 Update 51[269] 2015-07-14 Added support for native sandbox on Windows platforms (disabled by default); also, 25 security fixes, 14 bug fixes

Java SE 8 Update 60[270] 2015-08-18 480 bug fixes[271]

Java SE 8 Update 65[272] 2015-10-20 25 security fixes, 3 bug fixes

Java SE 8 Update 66[273] 2015-11-16 15 bug fixes

Java SE 8 Update 71[274] 2016-01-19 8 security fixes, 5 bug fixes[275]

Java SE 8 Update 72 2016-01-19 8 security fixes, 5 bug fixes, several enhancements

Java SE 8 Update 73[276] 2016-02-03 1 security fix

Java SE 8 Update 74[277] 2016-02-03 1 security fix

Java SE 8 Update 77[278] 2016-03-23 1 security fix

Java SE 8 Update 91[279] 2016-04-19 9 security fixes, 4 bug fixes and enhancements

Security and bug fixes from 8u91, plus 76 additional bug fixes; the ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and
Java SE 8 Update 92[280] 2016-04-19
CrashOnOutOfMemoryError flags have been introduced

Java SE 8 Update 101[281] 2016-07-19 Security and bug fixes from 8u92, plus 9 additional bug fixes

Java SE 8 Update 102[282] 2016-07-19 Security and bug fixes from 8u101, plus 118 additional bug fixes

Java SE 8 Update 111[283] 2016-10-18 7 Security fixes and 9 bug fixes

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Java SE 8 Update 112[284] 2016-10-18 Additional features and 139 bug fixes over 8u111

Java SE 8 Update 121[285] 2017-01-17 3 additional features, 5 changes, and 11 bug fixes over 8u112.

Java SE 8 Update 131[286] 2017-04-18 4 changes and 42 bug fixes (2 notable).

Java SE 8 Update 141[287] 2017-07-18 Additional feature, 3 changes and 12 bug fixes.

Java SE 8 Update 144[288] 2017-07-26 32 Security fixes and bug fixes from 8u141.

Java SE 8 Update 151[289] 2017-10-17 22 Security fixes, 2 notes, 1 certificate revocation, 1 new feature, 6 changes and 24 bug fixes from 8u144.

Java SE 8 Update 152[290] 2017-10-17 Security fixes, 1 new feature, 1 change and 238 bug fixes from 8u151 (1 notable).

Java SE 8 Update 161[291] 2018-01-16 21 Security fixes, 3 new features, 9 changes and 1 bug fix from 8u152.

Java SE 8 Update 162[292] 2018-01-16 Security fixes, 63 bug fixes.

Java SE 8 Update 171[293] 2018-04-17 Security fixes, bug fixes.

Java SE 8 Update 172[294] 2018-04-17 Security fixes, bug fixes.

Java SE 8 Update 181[295] 2018-07-17 Security fixes, bug fixes.

Java SE 8 Update 191[296] 2018-10-16 New features, changes, bug fixes, security fixes.

Java SE 8 Update 192[297] 2018-10-16 New features, changes, bug fixes.

Java SE 8 Update 201[298] 2019-01-15 New features, changes, bug fixes.

Java SE 8 Update 202[299] 2019-01-15 New features, changes, bug fixes.

Java SE 8 Update 211[300] 2019-04-16 New features, changes, bug fixes. License Update.

Java SE 8 Update 212[301] 2019-04-16 New features, changes, bug fixes. License Update.

Java SE 8 Update 221[302] 2019-07-16 New features, changes, bug fixes. License Update.

Java SE 8 Update 231[303] 2019-10-15

Java SE 9
At JavaOne 2011, Oracle discussed features they hoped to release for Java 9 in 2016.[304] Java 9 should include better support for multi-gigabyte heaps, better native code
integration, a different default garbage collector (G1, for "shorter response times")[305] and a self-tuning JVM.[306] In early 2016, the release of Java 9 was rescheduled for
March 2017,[307] later again postponed four more months to July 2017,[308] and changed again to be finally available on September 21, 2017,[309] due to controversial

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acceptance of the current implementation of Project Jigsaw by Java Executive Committee,[310] which led Oracle to fix some open issues and concerns, and to refine some
critical technical questions. In the last days of June 2017, Java Community Process expressed nearly unanimous consensus on the proposed Module System scheme.[311]

JSR 376: Modularization of the JDK under Project Jigsaw (Java Platform Module System)[162]
JEP 222: JShell: The Java Shell (a Java REPL)[312]
JEP 295: Ahead-of-time compilation[313]
JEP 268: XML catalogs[314]
JEP 266: More concurrency updates.[315] It includes a Java implementation of Reactive Streams,[316] including a new Flow class[317] that included the interfaces
previously provided by Reactive Streams[318]
JEP 193: Variable handles:[319] define a standard means to invoke the equivalents of various java.util.concurrent.atomic and sun.misc.Unsafe operations
JEP 282: jlink: The Java Linker:[320] create a tool that can assemble and optimize a set of modules and their dependencies into a custom run-time image. It effectively
allows to produce a fully usable executable including the JVM to run it
JavaDB was removed from JDK[321]
JEP 263: HiDPI graphics: automatic scaling and sizing[322]
The first Java 9 release candidate was released on August 9, 2017.[323] The first stable release of Java 9 was on September 21, 2017.[324]

Java 9 updates

Release Release date Highlights

Java SE 9[325] 2017-09-21 Initial release

Java SE 9.0.1[326] 2017-10-17 October 2017 security fixes and critical bug fixes

Java SE 9.0.4[327] 2018-01-16 Final release for JDK 9; January 2018 security fixes and critical bug fixes

Java SE 10
OpenJDK 10 was released on March 20, 2018, with twelve new features confirmed.[328] Among these features were:

JEP 286: Local-variable type inference[329]

JEP 317: Experimental Java-based JIT compiler.[330] This is the integration of the Graal dynamic compiler for the Linux x64 platform
JEP 310: Application class-data sharing.[331] This allows application classes to be placed in the shared archive to reduce startup and footprint for Java applications
JEP 322: Time-based release versioning[332]
JEP 307: Parallel full GC for G1[333]
JEP 304: Garbage-collector interface[334]

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JEP 314: Additional Unicode language-tag extensions[335]

JEP 319: Root certificates[336]
JEP 312: Thread-local handshakes[337]
JEP 316: Heap allocation on alternative memory devices[338]
JEP 313: Remove the native-header generation tool – javah[339]
JEP 296: Consolidate the JDK forest into a single repository[340]

Java 10 updates

Release Release date Highlights

Java SE 10[341] 2018-03-20 Initial release

Java SE 10.0.1[342] 2018-04-17 Security fixes, 5 bug fixes[343]

Java SE 10.0.2[344] 2018-07-17 Final release for JDK 10. Security fixes, 7 bug fixes[345]

Java SE 11
JDK 11 was released on September 25, 2018[346] and the version is currently open for bug fixes. It offers LTS, or Long Term Support. Among others, Java 11 includes a number
of new features, such as:[347]

JEP 309: Dynamic class-file constants[348]

JEP 318: Epsilon: a no-op garbage collector[349]
JEP 323: Local-variable syntax for lambda parameters[350]
JEP 331: Low-overhead heap profiling[351]
JEP 321: HTTP client (standard)[352]
JEP 332: Transport Layer Security (TLS) 1.3[353]
JEP 328: Flight recorder[354]
JEP 333: ZGC: a scalable low-latency garbage collector (Experimental)[355]
JavaFX, Java EE and CORBA modules have been removed from JDK[356]
JEP 335: Deprecated the Nashorn JavaScript engine[357]
Unicode 10.0.0 support (while current version is Unicode 11.0.0, it's only in Java 12[358])
A number of features from previous releases were dropped; in particular, Java applets and Java Web Start are no longer available.

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Java 11 updates

Release Release date Highlights

Java SE 11[359] 2018-09-25 Initial release

Java SE 11.0.1[360] 2018-10-16 Security & bug fixes

Java SE 11.0.2[361] 2019-01-15 Security & bug fixes

Java SE 11.0.3[362] 2019-04-16 New features, Security & bug fixes

Java SE 11.0.4[363] 2019-07-16 New features, Security & bug fixes; HotSpot Windows OS Detection Correctly Identifies Windows Server 2019

Java SE 11.0.5[364] 2019-10-15 New features, Security & bug fixes

Java SE 12
JDK 12 was released on March 19, 2019. Among others, Java 12 includes a number of new features, such as:[365]

JEP 189: Shenandoah: A Low-Pause-Time Garbage Collector (Experimental)[366]

JEP 230: Microbenchmark Suite[367]
JEP 325: Switch Expressions (Preview)[368]
JEP 334: JVM Constants API[369]
JEP 340: One AArch64 Port, Not Two[370]
JEP 341: Default CDS Archives[371]
JEP 344: Abortable Mixed Collections for G1[372]
JEP 346: Promptly Return Unused Committed Memory from G1[373]

Java 12 updates

Release Release date Highlights

Java SE 12[374] 2019-03-19 Initial release

Java SE 12.0.1[375] 2019-04-16 New Japanese Era Name & Security fixes

Java SE 12.0.2[375] 2019-07-16 Removed Features and Options

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Java SE 13
JDK 13 was released on September 17, 2019. Java 13 includes the following new features, as well as "hundreds of smaller enhancements and thousands of bug fixes".[376]

JEP-350: Dynamic CDS Archives (https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/350)

JEP-351: ZGC: Uncommit Unused Memory (https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/351)
JEP-353: Reimplement the Legacy Socket API (https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/353)
JEP-354: Switch Expressions (Preview) (https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/354)
JEP-355: Text Blocks (Preview) (https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/355)

Java 13 updates

Release Release date Highlights

Final Release Candidate[377] 2019-08-09 Early-Access Builds: Build 33

Java SE 13[378] 2019-09-17 General Availability Release

Java SE 13.0.1[379] 2019-10-15 Security & bug fixes

Possible future features

Objects without identity (value types).[380][381]
64-bit addressable arrays to support large data sets.[382]
Raw string literals may be restored later, after they were removed from JDK 12.

Implementations
The officially supported Java platform, first developed at Sun and now stewarded by Oracle, is Java SE. Releases are based on the OpenJDK project, which is a free and open
source project with an open development model. Other Java implementations exist, however—in part due to Java's early history as proprietary software, while some
implementations were created to offer some benefits over the standard implementation, often the result of some area of academic or corporate-sponsored research. Many
GNU/Linux distributions include builds of OpenJDK through the IcedTea project started by Red Hat, which provides an easier build and integration environment.

Visual J++ and the Microsoft Java Virtual Machine were created as incompatible implementations. After the Sun v. Microsoft lawsuit, Microsoft abandoned it and began work
on the .NET platform.

Other proprietary Java implementations are available, such as Azul's Zing; additionally, Azul offers certified open source OpenJDK builds under the Zulu moniker.

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Prior to the release of OpenJDK, while Sun's implementation was still proprietary, the GNU Classpath project was created to provide a free and open source implementation
of the Java platform. Since the release of JDK 7, when OpenJDK became the official reference implementation, the original motivation for the GNU Classpath project almost
completely disappeared and its last release was in 2012.

The Apache Harmony project was started shortly before the release of OpenJDK. After Sun's initial source code release, the Harmony project continued, working to provide an
implementation under a permissive license, in contrast to the copyleft license chosen for OpenJDK. Google later developed Android and released it under a permissive license.
Android incorporated parts of the Harmony project, supplemented with Google's own Dalvik virtual machine and ART. Apache Harmony has since been retired, and Google
has switched its use of Harmony components with equivalent ones from OpenJDK.

Both Jikes and Jikes RVM are open source research projects that were developed by IBM.

Several other implementations exist that started as proprietary software but are now open source. IBM initially developed OpenJ9 as the proprietary J9,[383] but has since
relicensed the project and donated it to the Eclipse Foundation. JRockit is a proprietary implementation that was acquired by Oracle and incorporated into subsequent
OpenJDK versions.

References
6. "JDK 14 Early-Access Builds" (https://jdk.java.net/14/). jdk.java.net. Retrieved
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External links
Official Java SE Downloads (https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html)
Early history of Java (http://www.agocg.ac.uk/brief/java.htm)
Full list of changes for J2SE 1.3 (https://web.archive.org/web/20110318063805/http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.3/docs/relnotes/features.html)
Full list of changes for J2SE 1.4 (https://web.archive.org/web/20110317073530/http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.4.2/docs/relnotes/features.html)
Full list of changes for J2SE 5.0 (http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/relnotes/features.html)
Full list of changes for Java SE 6 (https://web.archive.org/web/20061208161637/https://java.sun.com/javase/6/features.jsp)
Mustang development site for Java SE 6 (https://web.archive.org/web/20070618133610/https://jdk6.dev.java.net/)
Java SE 7 release notes (https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/jdk7-relnotes-429209.html)
Sun Java Supported versions and EOL (https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/eol-135779.html)
Downloads archive for older version of Java (https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/archive-139210.html)

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