Dirrect - indirrect speach

Kalimat pernyataan tidak diikuti kata "me" pasa asked, told, said

Kalimat perintah dan pertanyaan diikuti kata "me"

Did they eat out together yesterday?

a. He asked me if they had eaten out yesterday.

b. He asked me if they had eaten out together the day before.

c. He asked me if they has eaten out together the day before.

d. He asked me if they have eaten out together the day before.

2. Don’t turn off the light now.

a. He told me don’t turn off the light at that time.

b. He told me not to turn off the light at that time.

c. He told me didn’t turn off the light at that time.

d. He told me didn’t turn off the light at now.

3. What’s your passion?

a. She wanted to know what is my passion.

b. She wanted to know what was my passion.

c. She wanted to know what my passion was.

d. She wanted to know what was my passion.

a. He asked me that he began to understand the concept of biodiversity.

b. He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept of biodiversity.

c. He said that he began to understand the concept of biodiversity.

d. He said that I began to understand the concept of biodiversity.

5. Your friend has just left.

a. He told me that your friend had just left.

b. He told me that my friend has just left.

c. He told me that my friend had just lef.

d. He told me that my friend have just left.

6. Can I borrow your pencil for a moment?

a. She asked me if she can borrow my pencil for a moment.

b. She asked me whether she can borrow my pencil for a moment.

c. She asked me whether she could borrow my pencil for a moment.

d. She asked me whether I could borrow her pencil for a moment.

7. Why are you staring at my feet?

a. He asked her why she is staring at his feet.

b. He asked her why she was staring at his feet.

c. He asked her why was she staring at his feet.

8. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

a. He said that the sun rose in the east and sets in the west.

b. He said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

c. He asked if the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

d. He said that the sun rise in the east and set in the west.

9. I’m going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.

a. She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time the next day.

b. She said she was going to meet my penpal for the first time tomorrow.

c. She said she was going to meet her penpal for the first time tomorrow.

d. She said she is going to meet her penpal for the first time the next day.

10. We have been here for a week.

a. They said they had been there for a week.

b. They said they had been here for a week.

c. They said we had been there for a week.

d. They said they has been here for a week.

11. Who is sitting beside Tom?

b. He asked me was sitting beside Tom that time.

c. He asked me who is sitting beside Tom.

d. He asked me who is Tom sitting beside.

12. Please wait for me at the bus stop.

a. Endy told me to wating her at the bus stop.

b. Endy told me waited for her at the bus stop that time.

c. Endy told me waited for me at the bus stop that time.

d. Endy told me waits for her at the bus stop that time.

13. Window-shopping is my favorite hobby.

a. Septi said that window-shopping is her favorite hobby.

b. Septi said that if window-shopping was my favorite hobby.

c. Septi said that window-shopping was my favorite hobby.

d. Septi said that window-shopping was her favorite hobby.

14. I ate some beef burgers yesterday.

a. Jean said that she have eat some beef burgers the day before.

b. Jean said that she has ate some beef burgers the day before.

c. Jean said that she had been eaten some beef burgers the day before.

d. Jean said that she had been eat some beef burgers yesterday.
15. This is the bag which I bought yesterday.

a. He said that was the bag which he had been bought the day before.

b. He said that was the bag which I bought the day before.

c. He said that the bag was which he had buy the day before.

d. He said that was the bag which I had been bought the day before.

16. Who is hiding under the bed?

a. Mom wanted to know why was hiding under the bed.

b. Mom said she was hiding under the bed.

c. Mom wanted to hiding under the bed.

d. Mom wanted to know who was hiding under the bed.

17. Elisa had been living in Bangok before she moved to Jakarta.

a. Firmansyah said that Elisa have live in Bangkok before she moved to Jakarta.

b. Firmansyah said that Elisa had been living in Bangkok before she moved to Jakarta.

c. Firmansyah said that Elisa is living in Bangkok before she moved to Jakarta.

d. Firmansyah said that Elisa was in Bangkok before she move to Jakarta.

18. I have been travelling around the world for over three years.

a. Grandpa said he had been travelling around the world for over three years.
b. Grandpa said he have been travel around the world for over three years.

c. Grandpa said he was travel around the world for over three years.

d. Grandpa said he is travelling around the world for over three years.

19. When you pushed me, I was holding my phone.

a. Keyza said when you push him, he was holding my phone.

b. Keyza said when I push him, he was holding his phone.

c. Keyza said when I pushed him, he was holding his phone.

d. Keyza said when I pushed him, he is holding my phone.

20. My name is Harry.

a. He said his name is Harry.

b. He said his name might Harry.

c. He said his name will Harry.

d. He said his name has Harry.

KUNCI JAWABAN DAN PEMBAHASAN

1. Jawaban Benar :B

Pembahasan : Time dalam kalimat direct speech “yesterday” perlu diubah menjadi “the day
before” dalam kalimat indirect/reported speech.
2. Jawaban Benar :B

Pembahasan : Kata kerja (verb) diubah menjadi infinitive (verb 1) pada reporting command
(perintah).

3. Jawaban Benar :C

Pembahasan : Direct speech berupa wh- question (information request) -> pindahkan verb ke
belakang subject (word order).

4. Jawaban Benar :C

Pembahasan : Direct speech berupa pernyataan (statement) dengan pola simple present, verb
diubah ke pola simple past dalam kalimat indirect speech.

5. Jawaban Benar :C

Pembahasan : Pola kalimat present perfect tense pada kalimat direct speech disesuaikan menjadi
past perfect tense pada kalimat indirect speech.

6. Jawaban Benar :C

Pembahasan : Modal verb “can” (present) diubah menjadi “could” (past).

7. Jawaban Benar :B
Pembahasan : Verb present continous tense pada direct speech diubah menjadi past continous
tense pada indirect speech.

8. Jawaban Benar :B

Pembahasan : Verb tidak berubah menjadi past karena pernyataan berupa general
truth/nominal.

9. Jawaban Benar :A

Pembahasan : Time reference “tomorrow” disesuaikan menjadi “the next day” atau “the
following day”.

10. Jawaban Benar :A

Pembahasan : “Here” pada direct diubah menjadi “there” di Indirect speech.

11. Jawaban Benar :A

Pembahasan : Pola present continous tense pada direct speech diubah menjadi pola past
continous tense. Ditandai dengan berubahnya tobe dan keterangan waktu.

12. Jawaban Benar :B

Pembahasan : Pola simple present tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi simple past
tense di kalimat indirect speech.
13. Jawaban Benar :D

Pembahasan : Pola simple present tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi simple past
tense di kalimat indirect speech.

14. Jawaban Benar :C

Pembahasan : Pola simple past tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi past perfect
tense di kalimat indirect speech. Ditandai dengan tobe “had been” dan verb 3 “eaten”.

15. Jawaban Benar :A

Pembahasan : Pola simple present tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi simple past
tense di kalimat indirect speech. danpola simple past tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi
past perfect tense di kalimat indirect speech. Ditandai dengan tobe “is” diubah menjadi “was” dan
penambahan tobe “had been” sebelum verb 3 “bought”.

16. Jawaban Benar :D

Pembahasan : Pola present continous tense pada direct speech diubah menjadi pola past
continous tense. Ditandai dengan berubahnya tobe.

17. Jawaban Benar :B

Pembahasan : Karena pada direct speech yang pola kalimatnya past continous tense, pada
kalimat indirect speech-nya, pola kalimat tidak berubah.
18. Jawaban Benar :A

Pembahasan : Pola present perfect tense pada kalimat direct speech diubah menjadi past perfect
tense di kalimat indirect speech.

19. Jawaban Benar :C

Pembahasan : Pola yang dipakai dalam direct speech diatas adalah past continous tense, jika
diubah menjadi indirect speech, maka polanya tidak berubah. Yang perlu diubah hanya subject-nya saja.

20. Jawaban Benar :A

Pembahasan : Pola kalimat tidak berubah karena pernyataan berupa general truth.

Conditional sentence
Kalimat conditional ada tiga tipe, yaitu:

Tipe I: Subject 1 + modal + V1 + complement + if + Subject 2 + Verb1 + complement

I will go if he gives me the money.

He can pass the exam if he studies hard.

Tipe I disebut future conditional sentence.

Tipe II : Subject 1 + past modal + V1 + complement + if + Subject 2 + Verb2 + complement

I don’t go because he doesn’t give me the money.

Tipe II disebut present conditional sentence.

Tipe III : Subject 1 + past modal + have + V3 + complement + if + Subject 2 + had + Verb3 + complement

- I would have gone if he had given me the money.

I didn’t go because he didn’t give me the money.

EXAMPLE

1. If the students _____ late to submit the scholarship application to the board, they will not be listed as
candidates.

A. be

B. are

C. were

D. have

Jawaban : B

Keyword :will not be listed

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini merupakan kalimat conditional atau pengandaian tipe 1 karena ada kata if dan
will + V1. Jadi jawaban yang tepat adalah are karena tense-nya present.

2. If your brother ______ here, he ______ us with this works.

A. is - would help
B. was - will help

C. were - will help

D. were - would help

Jawaban : D

Keyword :If

Pembahasan : Pasangan yang tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut adalah pilihan D karena sesuai
dengan pola pengandaian tipe 2.

3. Aldo : Did you attend the meeting last Monday?

Fery : I would if I had been invited.

The underlined utterance means ______.

A. Fery didn’t attend the meeting

B. Fery plans to attend the meeting

C. Fery knew about the meeting and he attended the meeting

D. Fery was not invited to the meeting but he came

Jawaban : A

Keyword :I would if I had been invited

Pembahasan : Kalimat pada jawaban berarti “Saya mungkin akan datang jika diundang.” Jadi Fery tidak
datang pada pertemuan itu (Fery didn’t attend the meeting).

4. You _____ the job if you were not late to the interview.

A. would get

B. would be gotten

C. would have gotten

Jawaban : A

Keyword :were not late

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2. Polanya adalah If S + V2, S + would + V1.

5. We would get the tickets, ______

A. Weren’t there so much rush at the cinema

B. Because there were so much rush at the cinema

C. There were not so much rush at the cinema

D. Although there were so much rush at the cinema

Jawaban : D

Keyword :would get

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2. Polanya adalah If S + V2, S + would + V1.

6. Fortunately you assisted to push the car. If you hadn’t helped him, he ______ with you.

A. will get angry

B. would have gotten angry

C. should angry

D. would get angry

Jawaban : B

Keyword :hadn’t helped

7. If Rani were not busy at the moment, she would go out with me, said Maria.

From Maria’s utterance we know that Rani ______ with her.

A. goes

B. went

C. didn’t go

D. doesn’t go

Jawaban : D

Keyword :would go

Pembahasan : Pernyataan tipe 2 jika dijadikan kenyataan berubah menjadi kalimat dengan menggunakan
bentuk present tense, dan jika kalimatnya positif berubah menjadi negatif dan sebaliknya.

8. ______ her shyness, she would have become a great teacher.

A. She had overcome

B. If had she overcome

C. If she overcame

D. If she would overcome

Jawaban : B

Keyword :would have become

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah pengandaian tipe 3. Polanya adalah If S + had + V3, S + would + have +
V3.
9. If we don’t hurry, the meeting ______ by the time we get there.

A. would have started

B. will have started

C. will be started

D. will start

Jawaban : D

Keyword :don’t hurry

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah pengandaian tipe 1. Polanya adalah If + S + V1, S + will + V1.

10. If I had a lot of time, I would study German.

From this sentence we know that _____.

A. I have a lot of time, so I study German

B. I studied German because I had a lot of time

C. I want to study German because I have a lot of time

D. I would like to study German, but I don’t have much time

Jawaban : D

Keyword :If I had a lot of time, I would study German

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah kalimat pengandaian tipe 2, yang subjeknya tidak mempunyai
kemungkinan untuk mencapai tujuan pengandaiannya. Jadi kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa I would like
to study German, but I don’t have much time.

11. If studied more, he would have been able to pass the exam.

Jawaban : A
Keyword :If studied

Pembahasan : Kalimat dengan if di sini belum mempunyai subjek. Selain itu dari bentuknya kita dapat
menyimpulkan bahwa ini adalah pengandaian tipe 3. Polanya adalah If S + had + V3, S + would + have +
V3. Jadi studied seharusnya diganti he had studied.

12. If the United States had not entered the Second World War, probably the 1940 unemployment rate
of 14% would rise still further.

Jawaban : D

Keyword :had not entered

Pembahasan : Kalimat ini adalah pengandaian tipe 3. Polanya adalah If S + had + V3, S + would + have +
V3. Jadi would rise seharusnya diganti would have risen.

13. George would certainly have attended the proceedings were he not had a flat tire.

Jawaban : C

Keyword :would certainly have attended

Pembahasan : Karena kalimat ini merupakan pengandaian tipe 3 dengan menghilangkan if, maka
penggunaan were tidak tepat. Seharusnya digunakan had.

14. Physical fitness exercises can cause injuries if the participants do not careful.

Jawaban : D

Keyword :careful

Pembahasan : Karena careful bukan kata kerja, maka auxiliary yang digunakan adalah are.

15. If the oxygen supply in the atmosphere was not replenished by plants, it would soon be exhausted.
Jawaban : B

Keyword :If

Pembahasan : Dalam conditional tidak boleh diggunakan auxiliary “was” tetapi diganti dengan were.