HABER-BOSCH PROCESS

Fritz Haber
Fritz Haber, a German Chemist,
discovered the process of creating
ammonia by nitrogen gas and
hydrogen gas with iron as a
catalyst. He studied and finished
with a doctorate in Chemistry at
University of Heidelberg. He
became a professor of Physical

WHAT IS HABER PROCESS? Chemistry and Electrochemistry at

Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft in
The Haber Process, which is also called Haber Ammonia process or Synthetic Berlin. Fritz Haber had also
Ammonia process, is a reaction that involve the production of N2 from air, and published a book on
Electrochemistry.
H2¬ from a hydrogen source. The process takes place in a compression tank
where pressure, temperature, and iron as a catalyst cause the nitrogen and
hydrogen merge with ammonia. This process is called synthesis. Then, the N2,
H2, and NH3 is removed from the converter, and cooled where the ammonia
liquefies and collected. N2 and H2 remains gasses so they return back into the
converter for a chance to react again.
Ammonia is very important ingredient in making fertilizers. It was used to grow
crops faster and more efficient especially when there is small amount of land to
cultivate. During the Second World War, ammonia was also a very important
ingredient used in developing explosives like TNT.
Carl Bosch
Carl Bosch, a German chemist and
engineer, transformed Haber’s

The Haber Process Equilibrium demonstration of a method to fix

nitrogen using high pressure into an
N2(g) + 3H2(g) <=> 2NH + 92.4 kJ important industrial process. He
studied metallurgy and mechanical
The reaction is reversible and the production of ammonia is exothermic, engineering at Technische
Hoschshule, then he started
meaning it releases energy.
studying chemistry at Leipzig
According to Le Chatelier’s Principle, if the temperature decreases, the University. Later, he became a
mixture cools down, the equilibrium will shift to the right and this chemist at Badische Anilin-und
produce more ammonia and release heat from the exothermic reaction. Sodafabrik.

An increase in pressure will allow the equilibrium to shift to the right

where there is less moles to make more of it. A temperature must be in
a moderate level to make the reaction move in a good rate. As for the
catalyst, it does not have any effect on the position of the equilibrium
and does not produce any greater amount of ammonia in the mixture.
Its function is to speed up the reaction.

The original Haber–Bosch reaction of the

uture
chambers used osmium as the catalyst, but
d the F
it was available in extremely small
Impacts an roc e s s y
mpletel
quantities. Haber noted uranium was almost Other P
Bosch ation is also not cod to fields
as effective and easier to obtain than Haber- fix plie
gen ap
of nitro ter it is as it si
ts
ocess lost af ing off The Haber-Bosch process is extremely important
osmium. rrent pr ount is ral gass tensive due
to
The cu d a large am and a natu gy-in
, an it rains y ener gen's because it was the first of processes developed that
efficient w he n tre m el k ni tro
e to runoff n is also ex ed to brea
to de ve lop allowed people to mass-produce plant fertilizers due to
du
s. Its cr
eatio re need tly working
in field pressu create the production of ammonia.
e curren
BY:
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