K Series amplifiers

K2 / K2 DSP + AESOP
K3 / K3 DSP + AESOP
K6 / K6 DSP + AESOP
K8 / K8 DSP + AESOP
K10 / K10 DSP + AESOP
K20 / K20 DSP + AESOP

User Guide v 2.3

November 2012

powersoft_K Series_uguide_en_v2.3 DO000044 REV 02 Powersoft S.r.l. • Via Enrico Conti, 5 • 50018 Scandicci (FI) • Italy
© 2012 Powersoft +39 055 735 0230 • [email protected] • www.powersoft-audio.com
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K Series
User Guide
1 Warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.1 Output attenuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.1 Important Safety Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.2 Input Gain/Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.2 Approvals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.3 Input select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3 Warning Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.4 Max output voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.1 Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.5 Max mains current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.3.2 Precautions Regarding Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.6 Clip Limiter CH1 - CH2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.4 Safety Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.7 Gate CH1 - CH2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.5 Speaker Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.8 Mute At Power On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.6 Speaker Output Shock Hazard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.9 Idle Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2 Front and Rear Panel Reference Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8 DSP Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3 Welcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.1 The DSP Processing Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.2 DSP Settings Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2 The K Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.2.1 Common Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.3 More sound and less weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.2.1.1 Source Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.4 The Show Always Goes On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.2.1.2 AES3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4 Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.2.1.3 Gain trim (dB). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.1 Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.2.1.4 If no link. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.2 Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.2.1.5 Cross Limit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.3 Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 8.2.1.6 Sound speed (m/s). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.4 Operating Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.2.2 Channel Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.5 Grounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.2.2.1 EQs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.6 AC Mains connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.2.2.2 LP Filter (and HP Filter). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5 Connections and Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 8.2.2.3 Polarity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.1 Connecting Audio Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8.2.2.4 Channel Delay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.1.1 Analog Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8.2.2.5 Gain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.1.2 AES/EBU Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8.2.2.6 Limiters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2 Connecting Audio Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 8.2.2.7 Damping Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.3 Internal Signal Path Polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 8.3 CH1/CH2 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.4 Remote Control Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8.3.1 Auxiliary Delay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.4.1 V Ext. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8.3.2 Diagnostics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.4.2 Serial Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8.4 Input EQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.4.3 Ethernet Connection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8.5 Reset Input Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.5 Amplifier Setup and Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8.6 Reset Output Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.5.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 9 Network Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.5.2 The main screen and the LED bars. . . . . . . . . . . . 16 9.1 User’s introduction to AESOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.6 Front Panel Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 9.1.1 Data stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6 The main menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 9.1.2 Audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7 Amplifier Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 9.1.3 Network connections: Ethernet, AES3 forwarding

powersoft_K Series_uguide_en_v2.3 Powersoft S.r.l. • Via Enrico Conti, 5 • 50018 Scandicci (FI) • Italy
© 2012 Powersoft +39 055 735 0230 • [email protected] • www.powersoft-audio.com
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K Series User Guide

and repeater modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 15.3 Dust Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

9.2 Network robustness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 16 Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.3 Network connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 17 Assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
10 KAESOP Network settings menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 18 Appendix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
10.1 Device Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 18.1 Custom Ethernet/AES3 combo box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
10.2 Addressing Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 18.2 Amplifier Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
10.3 Set Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 18.3 SmartCard function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
10.4 Show Net Config . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 18.4 Control Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
10.5 Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 18.4.1 Powersoft’s Armonía Pro Audio Suite. . . . . . . . . 45
10.5.1 Source Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 18.4.2 Third Party Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
10.5.2 Source Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 19 Technical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
10.5.3 Gain Trim. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 19.1 K 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
10.5.4 If no link. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 19.2 K2 DSP+AESOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11 Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 19.3 K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
11.1 Output Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 19.4 K 3 DSP+AESOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
11.2 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 19.5 K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
11.3 Mains meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 19.6 K6 DSP+AESOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.4 Amplifier Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 19.7 K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
12 Local presets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 19.8 K8 DSP+AESOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
12.1 Locked presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 19.9 K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
12.2 Locked bank size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 19.10 K10 DSP+AESOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
12.3 Recall local preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 19.11 K20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
12.4 Save local preset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 19.12 K20 DSP+AESOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
12.5 Change Lock Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
12.6 Erase all presets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
13 Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
13.1 Hardware info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
13.2 Hardware monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
13.3 LCD contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
13.4 Key Locking and Setting The Keylock Code . . . . . . . . . 41
13.5 Single Channel Muting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
14 Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
14.1 Turn-On/Turn-Off muting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
14.2 Short circuit protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
14.3 Thermal protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
14.4 DC fault protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
14.5 Input/Output protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
15 User Maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
15.1 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
15.2 Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

▶▶ 4
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K Series
User Guide

1 Warnings plugs).
▶▶ Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched
particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point
where they exit from the apparatus.
1.1 Important Safety Instructions ▶▶ Only use attachments/accessories specified by the
manufacturer.

!
▶▶ Unplug this amplifier during lightning storms or when unused
CAUTION for long periods of time. Refer all servicing to qualified service
personnel. Servicing is required when the amplifier has been
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK damaged in any way. For example if the power-supply cord
DO NOT OPEN
or plug have been damaged, if liquid has been spilled or
CAUTION: IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC objects have fallen into the amplifier, if the amplifier has been
exposed to rain or moisture, if it has been dropped or if it
SHOCK, DO NOT ATTEMPT TO OPEN ANY PART OF
does not operate normally.
THE UNIT. NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER
SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
CAUTION: To prevent fire hazard, Class 2 (for K2 and K3) and
Class 3 (for K6, K8, K10 and K20) wiring cable should be used for
“WARNING: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC connection with speakers. Cabling should be routed away from
SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPARATUS TO RAIN potential hazards to avoid damage to the insulation of the cable
OR MOISTURE. OBJECTS FILLED WITH LIQUIDS, SUCH AS itself.
VASES, SHOULD NOT BE PLACED ON THIS APPARATUS”

EXPLANATIONS OF GRAPHICAL SYMBOLS:

“TO COMPLETELY DISCONNECT THIS APPARATUS FROM
THE AC MAINS, DISCONNECT THE POWER SUPPLY CORD
PLUG FROM THE AC RECEPTACLE”

“The Lightning Flash with arrowhead symbol within an equilateral

triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated
“THE MAINS PLUG OF THE POWER SUPPLY CORD MUST
“dangerous voltage” within the product enclosure that may be of
REMAIN READILY ACCESSIBLE”
sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of shock to persons”.
SAFEGUARDS: Electrical energy can perform many useful
functions. This unit has been engineered and manufactured to !
assure your personal safety. Improper use can result in potential
electrical shock or fire hazards. In order not to defeat the
“The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended
safeguards, observe the following instructions for its installation,
to alert the user to the presence of important operating and
use and servicing.
maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying
the product”.
▶▶ Read these instructions.
▶▶ Keep these instructions. 1.2 Approvals
▶▶ Heed all warnings.
The K series is installed according to the Canadian Electrical Code
▶▶ Follow all instructions.
or National Electrical Code, as applicable.
▶▶ Do not use this amplifier near water.

▶▶ Clean only with a dry cloth. Install this product in accordance with Canadian Electrical Code
▶▶ Do not block any ventilation openings. or National Electrical Code and other local electrical or building
▶▶ Install in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
codes as applicable. Mount in rack only. The flexible mains cable
▶▶ Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat
must not pass through walls.
registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including amplifiers) This equipment has been tested and found to compliant by
that produce heat.
Notified Body 2047 (Directive 2004/108/EC-EMC) pursuant to
▶▶ Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or
the product family standard for audio professional use: EN 55103-
grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades with
one wider than the other. A grounding type plug has two 1 and EN 55103-2 standard; EN61000- 3 - 2 , EN 61000 - 3 - 3.
blades and a third grounding prong. The wide blade or the Electromagnetic Ambients E4, E5.
third prong are provided for your safety. If the provided
plug does not fit into your outlet, consult an electrician for This equipment has been tested and found to compliant by
replacement of the obsolete outlet (for K2 and K3 only. K6, Notified Body 2047 (Directive 2004/108/EC-EMC) pursuant to
K8, K10 and K20 come with a special mains cable without the product family standard for audio professional use: Radiated

powersoft_K Series_uguide_en_v2.3
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K Series User Guide

emissions FCC standard section 15.109, IEC CISPR standard Pub. generating sources will affect its performance. Avoid placing the
22 ed 6.0 (2008-09) CLASS A chapter 7.1.1, Conducted emission amplifier on heat generating sources. Install this amplifier as far as
FCC standard section 15.107, IEC CISPR standard Pub. 22 ed 6.0 possible from tuners and TV sets. An amplifier installed in close
(2008-09) CLASS B. proximity of such equipment may experience noise or generic
performance degradation.
This equipment has been tested and found to comply by Notified
Body 2047(Directive 2006/95/EC L.V.) pursuant to the audio
apparatus safety requirements: Standard EN 60065
WARNING: To prevent fire or electric shock:
In a domestic environment this product may cause radio
interferences in which case the user may be required to take
adequate measures. ▶▶ The ventilation openings must not be impeded by any item
such as newspapers, tablecloths, curtains etc; keep a distance
Average half-cycle r.m.s. inrush current on initial switch-on of at least 50 cm from the front and rear ventilation openings
of the amplifier.
K2, K2DSP, K3, K3DSP: 10 A ▶▶ Do not expose this amplifier to rain or moisture.

K6, K6DSP, K8, K8DSP, K10, K10DSP: 50 A ▶▶ This equipment must not be exposed to dripping or splashing
liquids: objects filled with liquids, such as vases, must not be
K20, K20DSP: 50 A placed on the amplifier.
Average half-cycle r.m.s. inrush current after a supply
interruption of 5s.
K2, K2DSP, K3, K3DSP: 10 A 1.4 Safety Rules
!
K6, K6DSP, K8, K8DSP, K10, K10DSP: 10 A
K20, K20DSP: 10 A ▶▶ This device must be powered exclusively by earth connected
mains sockets in electrical networks compliant to the IEC 364
or similar rules.
▶▶ It is absolutely necessary to verify this fundamental
requirement of safety and, in case of doubt, require an
1.3 Warning Notices accurate check by qualified personnel.
▶▶ The manufacturer cannot be held responsible for damages
caused to persons, things or data due to an improper or
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply missing ground connection.
with the limits for Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of ▶▶ Before powering this amplifier, verify that the correct voltage
the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable rating is being used.
protection against harmful interference when the equipment ▶▶ Verify that your mains connection is capable of satisfying the

is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment power ratings of the device.

generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not ▶▶ Do not spill water or other liquids into or on the amplifier.

installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may ▶▶ Do not use this amplifier if the electrical power cord is frayed

cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation or broken.

of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful ▶▶ Do not remove the cover. Failing to do so will expose you to

interference in which case the user will be required to correct the potentially dangerous voltage.
▶▶ No naked flame sources such as lighted candles should be
interference at his own expense.
placed on the amplifier.
Information to User ▶▶ Provide a sectioning breaker between the mains connections
and the amplifier. Suggested device is 32A/250VAC, C or
Alterations or modifications carried out without appropriate
D curve, 10KA (K6-K8-K10-K20) or 16A/250VAC, C or D
authorization may invalidate the user’s right to operate the curve, 10KA (K2-K3)
equipment. ▶▶ Contact the authorized service center for ordinary and
extraordinary maintenance.
▶▶ The power cord type is LAPP CABLE OLFLEX191 3G6 /
1.3.1 Location
SJT 3XAWG10 SALCAVI (Bahoing SJT 3x16AWG or I-sheng
Install the amplifier in a well-ventilated location where it will not SGIS 3G1,5mmq for K3 - K2)
be exposed to high temperature or humidity. Do not install the
amplifier in a location that is exposed to direct sun rays, or near
hot appliances or radiators. Excessive heat can adversely affect the
1.5 Speaker Damage !
cabinet and internal components. Installation of the amplifier in a
damp or dusty environment may result in malfunction or accident. Powersoft Class D amplifiers are among the most powerful
professional amplifiers available and are capable of producing
1.3.2 Precautions Regarding Installation much more power than many loudspeakers can handle. It is the
user’s responsibility to use speakers suitable to the amplifier and
Placing and using the amplifier for long periods of time on heat to use them in a sensible way that will not cause damage.

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K Series User Guide

Powersoft will not be held responsible for damaged speakers.

Consult the speaker manufacturer for power handling
recommendations.
Even if you reduce the gain using the amplifier’s front panel
attenuation controls, it is still possible to reach full output power if
the input signal level is high enough.
A single high-power tone can damage high frequency drivers
almost instantaneously, while low frequency drivers can usually
withstand very high, continuous power levels for a few seconds
before they fail. Reduce power immediately if you hear any
speaker “bottoming out” - harsh pops or cracking distortion that
indicate that the speaker voice coil or diaphragm is striking the
magnet assembly.

Powersoft recommends that you use amplifiers of this power

range for more headroom (cleaner sound) rather than for
increased volume.

1.6 Speaker Output Shock Hazard

A Class D amplifier is capable of producing hazardous output

voltages. To avoid electrical shock, do not touch any exposed
speaker wiring while the amplifier is operating.
This manual contains important information on operating your
Powersoft amplifier correctly and safely. Please read it carefully
before operating your amplifier. If you have any questions,
contact your Powersoft dealer.

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▶▶
8
Ethernet + AESOP ports
(for both 2 or 4 ports versions, non DataCard slot On/Off switch
functional in models without AESOP) (for firmware updates, preset storage and step up)
K Series User Guide

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Channel 1 meter LEDs Channel 2 meter LEDs
2 Front and Rear Panel Reference Figures

Multifunctional keys
FIGURE 1: K Series front panel

Channel 2 analog input or AES3 Channel 1 analog input

(depending on the position of the AES/EBU-
Air vents Analog button)
Mains plug

Serial remote ID Channel 2 physical Channel 1 physical

selection link through output link through output

Channel 2 Channel 1
output output
WIRING
CLASS2

RS485 port Channel 2 AES/EBU or analog input Channel 1 and 2 output link
+ external selection button selection button
aux voltage (functional only for devices with retrofitted DSP
and/or KAESOP board)

FIGURE 2: K2/K3 2-port version rear panel

▶▶
Ethernet +

9
AESOP ports

Channel 2 analog input or AES3 Channel 1 analog input

(depending on the position of the AES/EBU-
Air vents Analog button)
Mains plug

External Channel 2 physical Channel 1 physical

aux voltage link through output link through output

Channel 2 Channel 1
K Series User Guide

output output

WIRING
CLASS2

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Channel 2 AES/EBU or analog Channel 1 and 2 output link
input selection button selection button

FIGURE 3: K2/K3 4-port version rear panel

Channel 2 analog input or AES3 Channel 1 analog input

(depending on the position of the AES/EBU-
Air vents Analog button)
Mains plug

Serial remote ID
selection

Channel 2 Channel 1
output output

RS485 port + Channel 2 AES/EBU or analog input Channel 1 and 2 output link
aux voltage selection button selection button
(functional only for devices with retrofitted DSP and/or
KAESOP board)

FIGURE 4: K6/K8/K10/K20 2-port version rear panel

▶▶
Ethernet +
AESOP ports

10
Channel 2 analog input or AES3 Channel 1 analog input
(depending on the position of the AES/EBU-
Mains plug Air vents Analog button)

External
aux voltage

Channel 2 Channel 1
output output
K Series User Guide

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Channel 2 AES/EBU or analog Channel 1 and 2 output link
input selection button selection button

FIGURE 5: K6/K8/K10/K20 4-port version rear panel

A - Ethernet port number 1 C - V meter for channel 1 K - On/Off switch

B - Ethernet port number 2 D - SmartCard slot L - Grill filter screws
E - Function button number 1
F - Function button number 2
G - Function button number 3
H - Function button number 4
I - LCD display
J - V meter for channel 2
FIGURE 6: K Series detailed front panel view
K Series User Guide

3 Welcome operation error. Every amplifier in this series is designed to work

under a large range of possible conditions, delivering maximum
power with maximum safety and an outstanding long term
reliability. Anticipating potential problems at the design stage
3.1 Introduction
means your show always goes on!
Congratulations on buying a Powersoft K Series amplifier!
Powersoft is a leading company in the field of high efficiency
4 Installation
audio power management. The Powersoft Class D technology
has changed the way the world looks at professional audio
amplification: no other amplifier’s performance comes close for
applications demanding high power and long term reliability. 4.1 Unpacking
Thanks to amazing reductions in heat output and weight, without Carefully open the shipping carton and check for any noticeable
sacrificing output powers, Powersoft amplifiers can be used in an damage; the figure below ( FIGURE 7) shows the packing view.
unlimited range of PA applications such as opera houses, theaters, Every Powersoft amplifier is completely tested and inspected
churches, cinema, and theme parks. before leaving the factory and should arrive in pristine condition.
In the unlikely event that you should encounter any damage,
3.2 The K Series please notify the shipping company immediately. Be sure to save
all packing materials for the carrier’s inspection.
K Series has many advanced features, digital control of many
parameters, adjustable maximum mains consumption, selectable The K Series box contains the following:
digital presets and a graphic display that shows detailed information ▶▶ 1 K Series amplifier
of the status of the amplifier. All K Series amplifiers come with built ▶▶ 1 x AC Mains cord
in Power Factor Correction. This unique feature ensures that a ▶▶ 1 x User Guide
predominantly resistive load is presented to mains thus minimizing
current distortion and voltage/current displacement. This leads to
improved performance of the amplifier at high levels of output and
avoids mains-voltage collapses, typical of standard and switching
Amplifier
power supplies. Another great advantage of this technology is that
its performance is, to a large extent, independent of mains voltage.
The rated output power does not vary with load/line conditions. Mains cable

3.3 More sound and less weight

Class D technology based amplifiers are highly efficient, delivering
greater power to speakers with reduced heat dissipation: typical
running efficiency of output stages is 95%, with only 5% of input
energy dissipated as heat. This allows for smaller dimensions,
User guide
weight and power consumptions.
Contrary to conventional amplifiers which achieve highest FIGURE 7: K Series packaging box
efficiency only at full rated power output, Class D efficiency is
almost independent of output level. Music has an average power 4.2 Mounting
density of 40% of its peak value; this means that other (non-
class D) amplifiers can easily generate 10 times more heat than All Powersoft amplifiers are designed for standard 19” rack
Powersoft products for the same sound pressure level. mounting; there are four front panel holes and two rear-lateral
holes. In order to limit the risk of mechanical damages, amplifiers
Powersoft amplifiers deliver crystal-clear highs, and a tight, well- must be fixed to the rack using both frontal as well as rear
defined low end: the most accurate reproduction of an audio mounting holes.
signal. Solid time proven design features ensure extremely high
performance in terms of super low total harmonic distortion,
4.3 Cooling
optimal frequency response, high power bandwidth and damping
factor across a vast number of application scenarios. Powersoft’s All Powersoft amplifiers implement a forced-air cooling system to
multi patented application of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) maintain low and constant operating temperatures. Drawn by an
high frequency sampling techniques is just one of the many factors internal fan, air enters through the slots in the front panel and is
contributing to the K Series’ high performance ratings across the forced over all components, exiting at the back of the amplifier.
audio bandwidth.
The amplifier’s cooling system features an “intelligent” variable-
speed DC fan which is controlled by heat sink temperature sensing
3.4 The Show Always Goes On circuits: the fan speed will increase only when the temperature
The K series offers complete protection against any possible recorded by the sensors rises over carefully predetermined values.
This ensures that fan noise and internal dust accumulation are kept

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K Series User Guide

to a strict minimum. Should however the amplifier be subject to 4.6 AC Mains connection
an extreme thermal load, the fan will force a very large volume
The AC Main connection is made via the CPC type connector
of air through the heat sink. In the extremely rare event that the
(IEC20A for K3 and K2) on the rear side of the panel. The
amplifier should dangerously overheat, sensing circuits shut down
figure below shows how to connect the mains power cable to
all channels until the amplifier cools down to a safe operating
the amplifier. Make sure the AC mains voltage used is within
temperature. Normal operation is resumed automatically without
the acceptable operating voltage range specified in the K Series
the need for user intervention.
documentation (100V-240V ±10%). It is important to connect the
Caution regarding heat escape should be exercised when ground for safety, do not use adapters that disable the ground
mounting K Series amplifiers. Exhaust cooling air is forced out connection. All K Series amplifiers have an automatic power
through the rear of the chassis (see FIGURE 8); make sure there factor correction system for a perfect mains network interface.
is enough space around the back of the amplifier for this air to The amplifier is a resistive load for the mains network, minimizing
escape. K Series amplifiers can be stacked one on top of the other the reactive power and the harmonic distortion on the current.
due to the efficient cooling system they are equipped with. There The system allows performance to be maintained even in case of
is however a safety limit to be observed: in case a rack with closed varying mains voltage.
back panels is used, leave one rack unit empty every four K Series
amplifiers installed to guarantee adequate air flow. open the lock
and insert the plug lock the plug
ground

mains

FIGURE 9: K2 and K3 only mains connection

Air flow

FIGURE 8: Forced air cooling: front to back airflow

4.4 Operating Precautions

Make sure the power switch is off before attempting to make any
input or output connections.
Make sure the AC mains voltage used is within the acceptable
operating voltage range specified in the K Series documentation
(100V-240V ±10%). Damage caused by connecting the amplifier
to an improper AC mains voltage is not covered by the warranty.
By using good quality input and speaker cables, the likelihood of
erratic signal behavior is reduced to a minimum. Whether you Vac GND
make them or buy them, look for good quality wires, connectors FIGURE 10: K6/K8/K10/K20 mains connection
and soldering techniques.

5 Connections and Operation

4.5 Grounding
There is no ground switch or terminal on the K Series amplifiers. This chapter provides information on amplifier connection and
All shield terminals of input connections are directly connected to operation. For optimal amplifier performance, it is important
the chassis. This means that the unit’s signal grounding system is to understand the meaning of the information that the K Series
automatic. In order to limit hum and/or interference entering the amplifier can provide regarding its status and configuration. This
signal path, use balanced input connections. information is available to the user both via front panel indicators
In the interests of safety, the unit MUST always operate with or via the Armonía client software when this is used. This chapter
electrical safety earth connected to the chassis via the dedicated will break down all the front panel operations and monitoring
wire in the 3-wire cable. Never disconnect the ground pin on the functions the K Series amplifier is capable of. The remaining part
AC mains power cord. of the chapter will explain how to correctly connect the amplifier’s
inputs and outputs.

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K Series User Guide

5.1 Connecting Audio Inputs XLR pinout chart:

XLR Pin number Assigned to
5.1.1 Analog Connection 1 shield

Input connections are made via the 3-pin XLR-female type or 2 hot (+)
1/4” phone Jack connectors on the rear side of the amplifier. The 3 cold (-)
polarity is shown in the following figures: Audio jack pin out summary:
Connector element Assigned to
sleeve shield
tip hot (+)
ring cold (-)
For K3 and K2 models, input connections are shown in the figure
below; analog inputs for balanced and unbalanced lines are also
available for these models.

FIGURE 11: Audio input connection for K6/K8/K10/K20 models

signal source input

pin 2 - IN (+) XLR female connector
signal source output
XLR male connector

FIGURE 14: K2 and K3 models audio input connections

pin 1 - shield
pin 3 - IN (-) pin 2 - IN (+)

XLR male
pin 1 - shield

ring - IN (-) pin 3 - IN (-)

tip - IN (+)
sleeve - shield
pin 1 - shield
FIGURE 12: Audio input connections polarity
The figure below shows the connection of analog inputs for
balanced or unbalanced line. You can use both configurations, but XLR female
you must consider that unbalanced and long lines can introduce pin 2 - IN (+)
noise in the audio system. The “Link On/Off” switch located in
the rear panel is for direct paralleling of the rear input connectors.
pin 3 - IN (-)
The remaining input connectors can be used to carry signal to
FIGURE 15: K2 and K3 models audio input connections polarity
other amps.

5.1.2 AES/EBU Connection

shield On DSP equipped amplifiers, CH2 becomes the AES/EBU input
IN (-) shield when the AES/EBU pushbutton is released (see FIGURE 16); in
IN (+) this mode, if an analog input in CH2 is applied, the ANALOG CH2
IN (+)
OUT is off. If CH2 is to be used as an analog input, the AES/EBU
Balanced input Unbalanced input pushbutton must be pressed.
FIGURE 13: Balanced and unbalanced input connections

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K Series User Guide

OUT1 OUT2

1- 1-

1+ 1+
2+ 2+

2- 2-

Channel 2 AES/EBU or analog

input selection button

+
+

-
-
analog input
AES/EBU input
FIGURE 16: AES/EBU or analog input selection for channel 2
FIGURE 18: Audio output connection in stereo mode

5.2 Connecting Audio Outputs

Audio output connections are made via Neutrik® speakon 1-
connectors. OUT1 1+
2+

2-

+
-
1-

OUT2 2+
1+

2-

FIGURE 19: Audio output connection in bridge mode

with the rear panel link button in the “ON” position

5.3 Internal Signal Path Polarity

In order to increase the power’s supply energy storage efficiency,
signals coming from channels 1 and 2 are polarity reversed one
with respect to the other when entering the amplifier. This
ensures a symmetrical use of the voltage rails: if, for example,
both channels’ 1 and 2 input signals are going through a peak at
FIGURE 17: Audio output connector
the same time, channel 1’s energy will come from the positive
Use suitable wire gauges to minimize power and damping factor voltage rails while channel 2, whose polarity is reversed with
losses in speaker cables. All K Series amplifier outputs can also be respect to channel 1, will be fed energy from the negative voltage
configured to work in bridge mode. For each device, the 1+ and rails. In this manner, the power supply will work symmetrically,
2+ pins of speakon connectors are internally physically bridged with one channel catered by the positive rails and the other by
together. They are the positive pole of the channel output. Pins the symmetrical negative rails. Channel 2’s signal will be polarity
1- and 2- are also bridged together. They form the negative pole reversed once more to ensure that both channels output with the
of the channel output. Please note that in order to remain within same polarity as their corresponding input signals. For this reason
safe operating conditions, when using loads of 4 � or less (8 � or it is very important not to invert the polarity of either channels
less in bridge mode),connections must be made with a four wire before feeding them to a K Series amplifier. A double polarity
cable. Use one cable for each SpeakOn contact for either bridge inversion (the first by the user inserting the input signal and the
or stereo connections as shown in the following figures. other by the amplifier’s internal circuitry) results in no inversion at
all. If this were the case, both channels would be weighing on only

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K Series User Guide

one side (positive or negative) of the power supply’s voltage rails.

This would result in an inefficient use of the power supply’s energy.
Channel 1
Channel 1 output
input

Channel 2
output
Channel 2
input
ID selection example
ID = 28
Pin Layout

8 pin
modular Vext 485+
first polarity
inversion
second polarity
inversion plug GND 485-
FIGURE 20: Internal signal path polarity with example input signals.
FIGURE 22: Remote connection jack, plug and ID selection
Both channels 1 and 2 are fed the same sine signal
Remote connection jack pinout chart:
Please pay special attention in using balanced inputs on all
measurement equipment (such as oscilloscope probes) when 1 GND
you are bench testing. 2 Vext
3 485 -
5.4 Remote Control Connection 4 485 +
5 485 +
5.4.1 V Ext 6 485 -
The “V Ext” terminal is used to remotely turn on, turn off or 7 Vext
put in standy any K Series amplifier. The “V Ext” signal reaches 8 GND
the amplifier via pin 2 of the rear Ethernet connector for 2 port
models. Four port models have a dedicated 2 pin Phoenix port
5.4.3 Ethernet Connection
located near the rear Ethernet ports. When the V ext port is
powered by and external 12 VDC 1A power supply, an internal K Series amplifiers can be remotely controlled via an Ethernet
controller is enabled to listen for incoming device power-on/off/ connection if provided with a KAESOP board. Two- or four-
standby commands. ports amplifiers allow Ethernet data connections with a variety
of possible topographies. See “9 Network Operations” on page
29 for more details. If four plugs are present (two in the front
CLASS2
WIRING

and two in the back of the amp), the pair in the back are master
ports, while the two in front are slave ports.

FIGURE 21: Vext Phoenix connector in 4 port K Series amplifiers

5.4.2 Serial Connection

K Series amplifiers without an optional KAESOP board can be
remotely controlled via an RS485 connection. Remote connection
data cables must have an 8 pin modular plug to be inserted in the
RJ45 jack labelled “DATAPORT” on the rear of the amplifier. By
plugging an 8 pin modular plug and selecting the unit’s remote
ID via the rotary trimmers, the amp is ready to be remotely
controlled. Please note that ID numer 00 is not allowed.See
FIGURE 22 for details.

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K Series User Guide

5 white/blue AES3-A RX/TX -

6 orange 100BaseT AutoMDI TX/RX -
7 white/brown AES3-B RX/TX +
8 brown AES3-B RX/TX -

5.5 Amplifier Setup and Settings

5.5.1 Introduction
Pin Layout 100BaseT RX/TX +

In all K Series amplifiers, the combination of the front panel

100BaseT RX/TX -
100BaseT TX/RX +
AES3-A RX/TX +
AES3-A RX/TX -

8 pin 100BaseT TX/RX -

modular
AES3-B RX/TX +
AES3-B RX/TX - buttons together with the LCD display allow the user access to
plug detailed information and complete control over the amplifier’s
status. Each button has multiple functions and the display
shows the current active function for each button. This chapter
OR, for models illustrates all the functions and settings accessible via the
with 4 ports: amplifier front panel. FIGURE 6 illustrates all K Series front panel
elements.
Armonía Pro Audio Suite
All the setup and settings functions described in this section can be
accessed through a comptuer by installing Powersoft’s Armonía
FIGURE 23: Ethernet connection ports for 2-port and 4-port
Pro Audio Suite software. Armonía is a software environment
amplifiers
entirely developed in-house by Powersoft. Its two main features

RJ45 pin
1
pin
8
are full end user remote control of the amp and its signal processing
capabilities. The intuitive interface provides reliable information
(tab down) and real time control of all DSP functions (see “18.4.1 Powersoft’s
Armonía Pro Audio Suite” on page 45). Refer to the Armonía
manual for installation and configuration of the client software.
Armonía is free. It can be downloaded after signing up for our user
forum: see the “Armonía Support Forum” section at
http://www.powersoft-audio.com/

5.5.2 The main screen and the LED bars

When the amp is turned on, the main screen appears after a
short presentation.

CH1 READY READY CH2

V I I V
white green white blue white orange white brown
green orange blue brown
lock mute mute menu
FIGURE 24: RJ45 jack pinout for KAESOP connections
The RJ45 LEDs are coded s follows:
green LED: indicates the passage of control data
yellow LED: indicates the passage of AES3 signals FIGURE 25: K Series main screen
Remote connection jack pinout chart: The first line of the screen will read “WAIT” while the system
pin color RJ45 KAESOP pin out undergoes an initial batch of internal tests to determine the status
1 white/green 100BaseT AutoMDI RX/TX + of the amp. If all parameters are normal, “READY” will replace
“WAIT” on the display. System parameters are continuously
2 green 100BaseT AutoMDI RX/TX -
monitored by the internal controller. If any parameter value should
3 white/orange 100BaseT AutoMDI TX/RX + fall out of its correctly working range, a code error relative to that
4 blue AES3-A RX/TX + particular parameter will appear on the third line of the LCD meter

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K Series User Guide

at the corresponding channel number. Should the parameter be a the smallest amount possible. The “fast” mode will increase or
out of range for both adjacent channels, the error code will appear decrease the parameter value by an amount equal to 10 times the
in between the two compromised channels. amount increased in the “slow” mode. For example:
The LED columns on the front of the amp can work as output in “slow” mode: a single “+” button press will increase the Max
voltage or current meters. When the LED bars are set to meter mains current from 22 A to 23 A
output voltage, for example, the meters on the LCD screen will
indicate output current values. The vice versa is true: LED bars
set as output current meters, LCD display bars become output
voltage meters.
Max Mains Current
The single LEDs can have multiple functions: 22 A rms
LED Color Solid color Blinking
Channel output level has back - + fast
reached clipping limits tone
Red OR detection
channel has been muted for problem
protection1
temperature of power circuits is power
above 85°C circuits
Yellow temperature
OR critical
output level2 -2dB (80° - 85°C)
Green output level2 -3dB Max Mains Current
Green output level2 -6dB 23 A rms
Green output level2 -9dB
Green output level2 -15dB back - + fast
input signal is above -60dBV
Green OR
output level2 -18dB
1
in case of a short circuit protection event, the LCD screen will read “PROT”
2
with respect to the output clipping threshold
FIGURE 28: K Series slow parameter increase
in “fast” mode: a single “+” button press will increase the Max
5.6 Front Panel Buttons mains current from 22 A to 32 A
The fourth line of the front panel LCD screen shows the functions
of the buttons immediately below. A beep confirms that a button
has been pressed; please note that this sound is not mutable.
Pressing the button directly below the “menu” label on the LCD Max Mains Current
screen gives access to the amplifier’s main menu. If an Armonía 22 A rms
client is connected to the amplifier, a yellow blinking LED will
appear in the software workspace view.
back - + slow
6 The main menu

The K series main menu can be accessed by pressing the first

button on the right, underneath the LCD label “menu”. FIGURE
25 shows the new button setup adopted to allow users to navigate
the amp’s internal menu. The up and down arrows allow to scroll
the menu items. To access further menu voices branching off a Max Mains Current
specific menu item, select it and press the “menu” button once. 32 A rms
FIGURE 26 and FIGURE 27 show the various submenus accessible
from the main menu. Each menu function will be described in the
back - + slow
following chapters.
Some submenus in the K Series amps require the user to set
a numerical value for specific parameters using the front panel
buttons. In order to speed this process up, these submenus
dedicate two of the four available buttons to switching to a fast
or slow parameter increment mode. When in the “slow” mode, FIGURE 29: K Series fast parameter increase
the up and down arrows increase or decrease the parameter by

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▶▶
18
Amplifier Settings Output attenuation
Settings DSP Settings1 Input gain/sens
Analog => Out
Network Settings2 Inuput select
Analog => DSP => Out1
Max output voltage
AES3 => Out1
Max mains current
AES3 => DSP => Out1
Clip limiter CH1
KAESOP => Out2
Clip limiter CH2
KAESOP =>DSP => Out1, 2
Gate CH1
K Series User Guide

Gate CH2
Mute at Power on
Idle Mode
Repeat (default)
Forward to AES3-A
see “DSP Settings” diagram

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Forward to AES3-B
Forward to both AES3-XLR rear panel
Device mode AES3-A
Addressing mode IP address AES3-B
Set address subnet mask
Show net config Default gateway
Menu Audio
Source selection Parallel from L
Source mode Parallel from R
Gain trim Stereo
If no link
Output meters Mute
Display Temperature Analog
Mains meters
Amplifier name Display Amp data
Edit Amplifier name

Lock presets
Local presets Locked bank size
Recall local preset
Save local preset
Change lock code
Erase all presets

Hardware Info
Setup Hardware Monitor
LCD contrast
Set Keylock code
Service 1
Available only with optional DSP board
2
Available only with optional KAESOP board

FIGURE 26: K Series main menu map

K Series User Guide

DSP Settings
Source Selection Stereo
Common Settings
AES3 Parallel from CH1
CH1 Settings
Cross limit Parallel from CH2
CH2 Settings
Sound speed (m/S) Mono Mix
CH1 Setup
CH2 Setup Gain trim (dB) Analog
Input EQ If no link: Mute
Reset Input Section
Reset Output Section EQs PEQ# Active
LP filter Freq. (Hz)
HP filter Active Gain (dB)
Polarity Freq. (Hz) Q factor
Ch delay (us) Slope (dB/oct) Type Peaking
Gain (dB) Shape Low Shelving
Peak limiter Butterworth High Shelving
Power limiter Active Bessel Low pass EQ
Damping Control Freq. (Hz) Link.-Riley High pass EQ
Slope (dB/oct) FIR Lin Phase Bandstop
Shape Hybrid FIR Bandpass
Allpass
In phase Butterworth
Reversed Bessel
Link.-Riley
Active FIR Lin Phase
Thresh. (Vpk) Hybrid FIR
Attack (ms)
Release (ms)

Mode OFF
Soft knee TruePower
Thresh. (W) Power vs V @ 8Ω
Attack (ms) Power vs I @ 8Ω
Release (ms)

Mode
Equiv. Rout (Ω)

identical to CH1Settings

Tone in alarm
Aux Dly (ms) Tone in freq
Diagnostics Tone in Vmin
Tone in Vmax
Tone out gen
Tone out ampl
Tone out freq
Tone out alarm
Tone out Vmin
Tone out Vmax
Load alarm
Load Zmin
Load Zmax
Measures

identical to CH1Setup

FIGURE 27: K Series DSP settings submenu. Available only for amps with the optiotnal DSP

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K Series User Guide

7 Amplifier Settings Gain (dB) dBV dBu VRMS

26 25.0 27 18
29 21.6 24 12
7.1 Output attenuation 32 19.0 21 9
The output attenuation screen sets the amplifier’s output 35 15.6 18 6
attenuation level. The user can choose whether to set output
attenuation for channel 1, channel 2 or both by cycling through the
7.3 Input select
right most button. The “+” and “-” buttons change the value of the
output attenuation in the range from 0 to -30dB. A single “+” or K Series amplifiers allow the user to choose three different input
“-” button press will increase or decrease the output attenuation modes (if available): Analog, AES31 and/or 2 , and KAESOP2. Each of
by 1dB. Note: for ideal sonic performance, select a 0dB output these inputs can either be processed by the internal DSP or not.
attenuation (meaning no attenuation), and select the proper The up and down buttons on the “Input select” screen toggle
gain/sensitivity level as explained in the next paragraph. between the available input sources. The “sel” button locks the
selected option.
The possible input/signal path configurations are:
▶▶ Analog ==> Out (analog input and direct output)
Output attenuation ▶▶ Analog ==> DSP ==> Out1 (analog input and internal DSP
-13 dB -13 processing, output)
▶▶ AES3 ==> Out1 and/or 2 (AES3 input, direct output)
back - + C1+2 ▶▶ AES3 ==> DSP ==> Out1 and/or 2 (AES3 input, internal DSP
processing, output)
▶▶ KAESOP ==> Out 2 (AES3 input, direct output)

▶▶ KAESOP ==>DSP==>Out1 and 2 (KAESOP input, internal

DSP processing, output)
FIGURE 30: K Series output attenuation 1
Available only with optional DSP board
2
Available only with optional KAESOP board

7.2 Input Gain/Sensitivity

7.4 Max output voltage
All K Series amplifiers allow selection of input sensitivity to allow
correct sensitivity matching with other third party equipment. The max output peak voltage of K series amplifiers can be set
The user can choose whether to set the input gain/sensitivity for by the user. It is possible to set output peak voltage levels for
channel 1, channel 2 or both by cycling through the right most channel 1, channel 2 or both by pressing the “C1+2” button. The
button. The “+” and “-” buttons change the value of the input gain “+” and “-” buttons change the value of the max output peak
and corresponding sensitivity. The allowed gain values are 26dB, voltage.
29dB, 32dB and 35dB. The table below shows the input sensitivity
values for the K Series amplifiers. These are the maximum RMS
voltage values of an input 1kHz sine wave before clipping occurs at
the output stage. These values are reported with respect to the Max output voltage
amplifier’s gain. 102 Vpeak 102
K Series gain sensitivity. Input signal: 1kHz sine wave. Voltage
values are RMS: back - + C1+2
Gain
K2 K3 K6 K8 K10 K20
(dB)
26 4.48 5.30 5.11 5.50 6.34 7.37
29 3.17 3.75 3.62 3.90 4.49 5.22
FIGURE 31: Max output voltage settings screen
32 2.47 2.66 2.56 2.75 3.18 3.68
35 1.59 1.88 1.81 1.95 2.25 2.62 The ranges available are shown in the table below:
Amplifier model Peak output voltage (V)
The maximum balanced input signal before saturation of the input
K2 40 to 140
stage of the amplifier occurs with respect to the amplifier’s gain is
presented in the chart below. Input signal: 1kHz sine wave. Voltage K3 40 to 165
values are RMS: K6 40 to 153
K8 40 to 169
K10 40 to 200
K20 40 to 225

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K Series User Guide

7.5 Max mains current Gain (dB) dBV dBu

The maximum current the amplifier can draw from the mains can 26 -54 -52
be set by the user through the front panel of all K series amplifiers. 29 -57 -55
32 -60 -58
35 -63 -61
This function can be enabled and disabled by pressing the right
most front panel button corresponding to the “on” or “off” label.
Max mains current
23 A rms
back - + fast Clip Limiter CH1:ON
Clip Limiter CH2:ON
Gate CH1:OFF
back sel
FIGURE 32: Max mains current set up screen
The “+” and “-” buttons allow setting of the value of the max rms
mains current. Acceptable values are within the 8 A to 16 A for
K2s and K3s and from 15A to 32A range for all other K amplifiers. FIGURE 34: Single channel output gate selection screen
Setting the maximum mains current determines the current Gating the output is delayed by 5 seconds after the input signal
threshold at which a C-Type current breaker will trip. falls below the threshold. If the channel is muted, the bottom
green LED in the corresponding front panel LED column is off.
7.6 Clip Limiter CH1 - CH2
The clip function can be used to prevent distortion caused by 7.8 Mute At Power On
clipping of the excessive output signal amplitude. This feature can This functions allows the user to automatically mute all channels
be disabled or enabled by pressing the on/off button in the when when the amplifier is turned on. Toggle the on or off status by
the clip limiter voice is selected in the Amplifier settings menu: pressing the front panel button below the “sel” label.

Max mains current Gate CH1:OFF

Clip Limiter CH1:ON Gate CH2:OFF
Clip Limiter CH1:ON Mute at Power on:ON
back sel back sel

FIGURE 33: Clip limiter setting for channels 1 and 2 separately FIGURE 35: Mute at power on function enabled in the settings menu
Please note that clip limiters can be set independently for both If this function is enabled, a “Muted” label will appear at the main
channels. screen next to each channel at the next power on. Press the
CAUTION: disabling clip limiters can potentially damage button underneath the “mute” label in the front screen to unmute
loudspeakers. The amplifier’s internal clip limiters should not the channel.
be deactivated unless the limiting function is implemented by an
external device such as digital system controllers. In this case,
it is extremely important to correctly set limiting parameters in
order to preserve loudspeakers from excessively powerful and
potentially hazardous driving signals.

7.7 Gate CH1 - CH2

This function allows to mute the amplifier channels individually
if the input signal amplitude falls below the values shown in the
following table:

▶▶ 21
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K Series User Guide

8.1 The DSP Processing Chain

The core of the KDSP board is an advanced digital sound processor
based on a floating point SHARC® processor. FIGURE 38 shows
CH1 READY a block diagram of the DSP processing chain.
V I MUTED
8.2 DSP Settings Menu
lock mute mute menu The DSP settings menu is subdivided in single channel settings or
“common” settings affecting both channels.

8.2.1 Common Settings

FIGURE 36: Right channel muted, left channel unmuted. Toggle mute
status by pressing the “mute” button 8.2.1.1 Source Selection
This menu allows to choose the input signal to be processed by
7.9 Idle Mode the DSP. The possible options are:
The idle mode function is a power saving feature. When this ▶▶ Stereo: the signal coming from channel 1 is processed and
function is activated, the output stage is turned off after no input routed out to output channel 1. Similarly, the input signal
signal greater than -60dBV approximately is detected for a user coming from Channel 2 is processed and then routed out to
selectable amount of time, saving about 40W of power per output channel 2.
▶▶ Parallel from CH1: the input signal from channel 1 feeds two
channel (see the table in “7.7 Gate CH1 - CH2” on page 21 for
parallel, distinct and independent processing branches. The
the exact wake up from idle voltage values) This results in reduced
result of one branch is sent to output channel 1, while the
heating, longer amplifier and fans life, and, especially for fixed result of the other branch is sent to output channel 2.
installations which are permanently turned on, a lower electricity ▶▶ Parallel from CH2: the input signal from channel 2 feeds two
bill. Exiting from idle mode is quasi-instantaneous. parallel, distinct and independent processing branches. The
result of one branch is sent to output channel 1, while the
In order to set the time after which the amplifier enters in idle result of the other branch is sent to output channel 2.
mode, push the right most button labelled “sel” when the idle ▶▶ Mono Mix: the input signals from channel 1 and 2 are
mode line is highlighted. This will open the “Idle state timeout” summed together and divided by two in order to maintain a
screen. Using the central buttons, select the desired time. In the consistent output level. This mono mix signal is fed to both
“slow” mode, a single button press will increase or decrease the output channels.
time by one minute. The “fast” mode will bring this up to 10
minute steps. The timeout range goes from 0 to 720 minutes. 8.2.1.2 AES3
This menu controls the AES3 input stream options. The AES3
source can enter the amplifier from the rear XLR or from the
KAESOP board (if present) based on the type of input selection
Idle state timeout (see “7.3 Input select” on page 20).
22 min
ok - slow 8.2.1.3 Gain trim (dB)
+
This menu allows the user to set the gain to be applied to the
signal coming from the AES3 digital input. Setting a 0dB gain makes
the full-scale digital signal equivalent to an analog input signal of
20dBu.
FIGURE 37: Idle timeout set to 22 minutes
8.2.1.4 If no link
This menu controls the amplifier’s behavior should the AES3 signal
connection fail or become unreliable. The AES3 connection is
8 DSP Settings
considered unreliable when transmission errors are greater than
1% of total data transmitted. The possible options are:
The KDSP is a digital signal processing (DSP) add-on board for ▶▶ Mute: when the AES3 connection fails, the amplifier mutes
Powersoft K Series amplifiers. KDSP can be used to optimize the the output.
performance of the audio system by means of fully customizable ▶▶ Analog: when the AES3 connection fails, the amplifier will rely
crossovers and equalizers. Exceptionally high reliability is on the analog input as backup. This source signal switching is
guaranteed in all conditions by advanced limiters, and continuously done in real time in order to avoid any glitches in the audio
monitored loudspeaker parameters. This chapter illustrates the feed. If the input levels are correctly matched between analog
features and operational modes of the KDSP board. input and AES3 input (use the AES3 Gain trim parameter),
the switch between AES3 and analog will be inaudible.

▶▶ 22
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K Series User Guide

When using the analog input to backup a failed AES3 feed, the 8.2.1.5 Cross Limit
analog input connection must be setup based on source type of
In case of power limiting of only one channel, (see “Limiters” on
input AES3 stream:
page 25) the gain reduction on one channel is mirrored to the
AES3 from rear XLR: other channel in order to maintain consistent levels. This is useful
in two ways speakers where the limitation of one channel alone
the primary audio signal for this amplifier configuration is an AES3
leads to an unbalanced sound. This function can be turned on or
signal, fed via the rear panel IN2 with the rear signal type push
off.
button set to “AES/EBU”. The backup analog cable, with an analog
signal identical to that provided by AES3, should be plugged in the
IN1 (analog) plug. The amplifier’s source selection must be set 8.2.1.6 Sound speed (m/s)
to “Input from CH1”. If the AES3 feed should fail, the amplifier
This menu allow the user to set the sound velocity used for time
will automatically fall back to the analog input on the CH1 plug.
to distance conversions throughout the local interface. It can be
The signal levels of both primary AES3 and backup analog signals
set from 320 m/s to 360 m/s.
should be carefully matched so they are identical. This can be done
using the Gain trim parameter or by adjusting the analog signal
level. 8.2.2 Channel Settings

Analog back up cabling

IN1 All of the following settings are available for both channel 1 and
(carrying the same signal as the (analog)
CH1 of the AES3 feed)
CH1 out channel 2. In all the following menus and submenus, the channel
number whose properties are being edited is shown in the top
Digital main cabling
right hand corner of the menu. If a specific parameter affects both
CH1 CH2 out
IN2 CH2
channels, the top right hand corner will report this as “1+2”.
(AES/EBU)

(amplifier in Source Selection

“Parallel from CH1” mode)
8.2.2.1 EQs
main digital connection
analog backup connection This menu gives access to the parametric output equalizer input
(used if digital fails)
interface. This menu lists the 16 parametric filters one by one.
FIGURE 39: Analog back up mode connection: in this example, the The current selected filter number is shown on the left of the first
amplifier is set to output the AES3 CH1 line. By pressing the up and down pointing arrows, it is possible
to move from one filter to the next. The filter parameters are
AES3 from KASEOP:
reported on the screen.
the primary audio signal for this amplifier configuration is an AES3
signal, fed via an Ethernet port. The backup analog cable, with an Filter type
Filter number
analog signal identical to that provided by AES3, should be plugged
in the IN1 (analog) and IN2 (set to analog) plugs. The amplifier’s Filter frequency (Hz)
PEQ #12 Peak CH1
Freq=21205Hz G=+12dB Filter Gain (dB)
source selection can be set to any possible input. If the AES3 feed BW=0.63oct
back
Q=21.3
edit
Filter Q
should fail, the amplifier will automatically fall back to the analog Filter bandwidth (octaves)
Show previous
Show next
input on the CH1 and CH2 plugs. The signal levels of both primary filter
filter
Edit this
filter
AES3 and backup analog signals should be carefully matched so
they are identical. This can be done using the Gain trim parameter FIGURE 41: Parametric Equalizer (PEQ) information window
or by adjusting the analog signal level.
Specifically:
IN1
Analog back up cabling
(carrying the same signal as the
CH1 of the AES3 feed)
(analog) ▶▶ Active: determines if the filter is enabled or not (flat response)
CH1 out
Gain(dB): filter gain. Can be set only if the filter is a peaking
Main digital AES3 stream via RJ-45 CH1 or shelving filter. Acceptable values go from -15 to +15dBs in
CH2
0.1dB steps
CH2 out
Analog back up cabling
IN2 ▶▶ Q factor: quality factor of the filter. This can be user set for
(carrying the same signal as the
CH2 of the AES3 feed) (analog)
all filters except shelving filters. Acceptable values range from
0.1 to 30 with 0.1 steps.
▶▶ Bandwidth (oct): the bandwidth of the filter expressed in
main digital connection
analog backup connection
octaves around the central frequency. This value is the inverse
(used if digital fails) of the Q factor; therefore, its value is determined by setting
the Q factor.
FIGURE 40: Analog back up mode connection: in this example, the ▶▶ Type: allows the user to select the filter type:
amplifier is set to output the AES3 stream in stereo mode. Other
1. Peaking
configurations of the amplifier mode are possible.
2. Low Shelving (3 to 15dB/oct)
When the AES3 stream is lost and the analog backup kicks in, a 3. High Shelving (3 to 15dB/oct)
message on the front panel is displayed and an alarm is sent to the 4. Low pass EQ
remote client if one is connected to the amplifier. 5. High pass EQ
6. Bandstop

▶▶ 23
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▶▶
To/from

24
other channel SigGen SigGen

AES3 AES3
input gain
INPUT CHANNEL To power amplifier

MUX
Analog PROCESSING PROCESSING
K Series User Guide

input
Mono/Stereo
Input selection Selection

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MAIN
GAIN INPUT EQ
DELAY

Raised Cosine Filters EQ

16 Band Parametric Custom Damping Control and

Equalizer Coeffs FIR IIR and FIR Linear Phase Crossover Enhanced Limiter Cable Compensation

CHANNEL CHANNEL LO-PASS HI-PASS PEAK TruePOWER DAMPING

GAIN FIR EQ POLARITY
PEQ16 DELAY FILTER FILTER LIMITER LIMITER CONTROL

Alignment delay

Output Current Load power

Speaker Output Voltage estimation
and
Power
Amp Load impedance
Monitor estimation

FIGURE 38: DSP processing chain

K Series User Guide

7. Bandpass ▶▶ In phase: the signal’s polarity is not altered

8. Allpass ▶▶ Reversed: the signal’s polarity is reversed.
By pressing the “edit” button, the settings for the selected filter
can be changed. The following chart summarizes which parameters 8.2.2.4 Channel Delay
can be edited according to the selected filter type.
This menu allows to set a single channel output delay. This is helpful
to time-align two different loudspeakers on the two amplifier
channels. The selectable delay varies from 0 to 32 ms (about 11
Parametric Equalizer (PEQ) settings according to filter type:
meters), with a single sample step (equal to 1/96000th second or
Gain 10.4 us, about 3.5 mm)
Freq (-15 to Slope Q factor
Active
filter type (20-20kHz, +15dB, (3-15dB/ (0.1-30,
on/off
1/96 steps) 0.1dB oct) 0.1 steps) 8.2.2.5 Gain
steps)

Peaking ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ This menu changes the channel gain, from –40dB to +15dB, with
a 0.1dB step.
Low Shelving ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ -
High Shelving ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ -
8.2.2.6 Limiters
Low pass EQ ✓ ✓ - - ✓
High pass EQ ✓ ✓ - - ✓ The limiting process in sound reinforcement is a way to protect
loudspeakers from accidental damage; therefore, limiters are a
Bandstop ✓ ✓ - - ✓
safeguard against excessive signal peaks and/or signal power. They
Bandpass ✓ ✓ ✓ - ✓ not only protect from sudden signal peaks but also they protect
Allpass ✓ ✓ - - ✓ against to an over power delivering.
Bear in mind that limiting does not only prevent occasional
8.2.2.2 LP Filter (and HP Filter) damage, but it first and foremost guarantees a long component
life. The two main purposes of limiting process are:
This menu allows the user to configure the crossover filters.
There are 2 available crossover filters: a lowpass and a highpass. ▶▶ Over-excursion: an impulsive signal can reach the speakers
By combining both, the result will be a bandpass response. Both and cause damage due to over-excursion of the voice coil
that is driven out of the magnetic gap (where displacement
traditional IIRs (Infinite Impulse Response) as well as brickwall
exceeds Xmax). This can damage the diaphragm (breaking or
linear phase FIRs (Finite Impulse Response) are implemented. If a deforming it).
FIR filter in the EQ section is enabled, a FIR crossover filter cannot ▶▶ Over-heating: delivering high power to the voice coil may
be enabled at the same time. The LP or HP filter can be edited lead to overheating of the voice coil copper and the relative
by the user via the main LCD screen. The parameters that can be magnetic gap. This can damage the isolation copper or burn
user modified are: out the copper. Another evident high power driving effect is
power compression, noticeable in low frequency speakers.
▶▶ active status
In order to prevent the two mentioned phenomena two kinds of
▶▶ frequency
limiters are provided:
▶▶ slope

▶▶ filter type
▶▶ Peak limiter: protects against mechanical damages. The
peak limiter may also be used to control amplifier clipping.
The classic IIR crossover filter shapes that can be selected as a high Designers should set this limiter’s parameters as a function of
pass or low pass filter are: Butterworth, Bessel, and Linkwitz-Riley. both the maximum displacement (Xmax) of the diaphragm as
In the first 2 cases, the frequency parameter in the edit window well as the speaker’s maximum tolerated voltage.
▶▶ RMS limiter: protects speakers against thermal damage when
defines the –3dB point, in the latter, the –6dB point. The slope is
freely selectable from a minimum of 6dB/octave (1st order filter) excessive power is applied for extended periods of time,
resulting in overheating and, eventually, burning. Designers
to 48dB/octave (8th order filter). should be aware of the maximum long term power safely
The FIR filters can be selected as normal (FIR Linear Phase) or applicable to speakers (AES power rating). An interesting
approach to RMS limiting is one that uses coil temperature
enhanced (Hybrid FIR). The enhanced version of the filters gives control. A complete knowledge of the driver’s limits allows to
a higher rejection of out of band signals, at the expense of a small keep the temperature level in a safe interval not only to avoid
(30°@400Hz) phase modification. In both cases, the minimum damage but to maintain the speaker in a “linear” zone that
working frequency is relative to the desired latency. Standard avoids power compression.
setting limit this to 400 Hz. For this reason it is advisable to use
FIR filters to crossover upper midranges or mid-high drivers for
Peak Limiter
which the phase coherency is a key point.
The peak limiter avoids potentially dangerous displacements of
the cone (an excursion larger that allowed). It acts by reducing
8.2.2.3 Polarity
the amplifier gain in order to reduce the measured output peak
This menu allows to reverse the signal polarity. The two selectable voltage. Use the declared Peak power or twice the Program power
modes are: as a loudspeaker safe-zone output power. The peak limiter’s setting

▶▶ 25
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K Series User Guide

do not change with the number of parallel speakers connected to

the amplifier; this is because the same voltage is applied to all the
components in a parallel circuit. When deciding parameters for a
peak limiter of an amplifier with many loudspeakers connected to
it in parallel, the peak power to be taken into consideration is that
Active:ON CH1
reaching only a single speaker.
Thresh.(Vpk):169
Attack(ms):10
Vpeak2 back sel
Ppeak =
R

Vpeak = R

FIGURE 42: Peak limiter main screen

Where R is the nominal impedance of only ONE driver, Ppeak
is the peak power and Vpeak is the peak output voltage. A peak In order to avoid choking the exceptional dynamic range offered
limiter, used with a very rapid onset (i.e., with a very short attack by K Series amplifiers, the peak limiter is designed to ignore signal
time), can also be useful in limiting the maximum peak voltage in peaks lasting less than the attack time parameter. Moreover,
distributed constant voltage lines. the limiter has an additional lookahead buffer to soften clipping
and minimize distortion, effectively yielding superior sonic
Powersoft designed the K Series limiters as protective measures; performance. The lookahead time is 0.5 ms.
therefore, they are not meant to “color” the sounds such as
dynamic compressors can do. With this in mind, time constants When tweaking the peak limiter’s levels, it is preferable to first
for these limiters should be selected so as to limit potentially setup the time parameters, and then adjust the threshold voltage.
harmful phenomena which persist for no more than one or two When editing the threshold value, the display shows the gain
periods of the related signal bandwidth. To limit the dangers of reduction (GR) in dBs enforced by the limiter. This information,
dangerous very fast transient signals, all limiters implement a look together with the limiting voltage referred to the signal in the input
ahead time of 0.5s. amplifier stage (I) expressed in dBus, is displayed in real time to
allow monitoring of the limiting actions as they are performed.
The following table gives a few examples of attack and release
times with respect to the frequency range of the signal to be
limited:

FREQUENCY ATTACK
ATTACK/
RELEASE
Thresh.(Vpk) CH1
RANGE (Hz) TIME (ms)
RELEASE
TIME (ms) 169 Vpk
RATIO GR= 0.0dB I= 11.7dBu
<63 45 x16 720 ok - + fast
63-125 16 x16 256
125-250 8 x8 128
250-500 4 x8 32
500-1k 2 x4 8
>1k 1 x2 2 FIGURE 43: Peak limiter threshold value editing screen

The peak limiter menu allows the user to define the following RMS Limiter
parameters: Given the low efficiency of electromechanical transducers, almost
▶▶ Active: toggles the power limiter’s on/off status 50% of power reaching the voice coil is transformed into heat. The
▶▶ Threshold (V ): the peak voltage threshold at which the gain power limiter is intended to avoid melting the voice coils of drivers
pk
begins to be reduced while at the same time exploiting their maximum performance. All
▶▶ Attack: the attack time,i.e. the response time of the limiter the power limiter base their operations on the temporal behavior
intervention of the voltage and the current, this means that the amplifier can
▶▶ Release: the decay time, i.e. the time constant after which knows the real amount of real power delivered to the load. A
the limiter’s action is released and the gain restored to the correct power limiting is not an easy task and is multifaceted, based
nominal value. on a number of variable, like the knowledge of the component heat
dissipation and the goals that must be achieved. Therefore may be
difficult and a little bit empirical decide thresholds and constants
time. Power limiters behavior base their operations on a mix based
on threshold, temporal behavior of the output readings (voltage
and/or current) and the type of output readings monitored. The
power limiter should be used to protect the drivers from melting.
It should NOT be engaged at normal working levels. Check the
gain reduction: in order to obtain the optimal sound it should

▶▶ 26
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K Series User Guide

not be greater than 2-4dB even for the loudest piece of music. True Power Decay
Please note that a common musical signal has very high peaks, but Driver voice coil size Attack
Threshold time
a rather small average level (high crest factor). A continuous tone (inches) and application time (ms)
(W) (ms)
has a much higher average power even if it “sounds” less loud 1” tweeter 10 - 20 100 300
to the human ear. This must be taken into account while setting
1.5” tweeter 20 - 30 150 300
up limiter parameters. The power limiter acts by decreasing the
amplifier’s gain in order to reduce the power delivered to the load. 2” horn driver 20 - 40 200 400
There are three main operating modes for the K Series power 3” horn driver 30 - 50 300 500
limiters. 4” horn driver 40 - 60 500 3000
TruePower TM 2” midrange 30 - 100 500 3000

In the TruePower operating mode, the amplifier’s active output 3” midbass 50 - 150 1000 5000
power is estimated by measuring the load current. The TruePower 4” woofer 100 - 200 2000 5000
limiter is a Powersoft patent technology useful to avoid overheating 4” woofer 150 - 250 4000 8000
of the voice coil; it can however also be used to avoid power
6” woofer 250 - 500 6000 10000
compression. The amplifier’s DSP provides the measurement of
the real power delivered (and then dissipated) to the coil, not the
apparent power handled by the line.
Power vs V @ 8 Ohm
Empirical observation yields the following equation:
In the Power vs V @ 8 Ohm operating mode, the amplifier’s output
PAES power is estimated by measuring the RMS value of the output
Pmax diss = voltage, assuming an 8 ohm load. This mode allows to create
3 settings that work well for any number of speakers connected
in parallel. For example, if a “Power @ 8 Ohm” limiter is set to
limit the output power to 150W, a single cabinet will be delivered
where PAES is the declared AES Power and Pmax diss is the maximum
a maximum of 150W with 8 ohm load. Two speaker cabinets
power the speaker can dissipate “in real life”.
connected in parallel will be delivered a maximum of 300W with
If the PAES is not available, the PRMS (declared maximum RMS 4 ohm load (“ 8 Ohm loads in parallel) and so on.
power the loudspeaker can handle) can be used; however, it is
This limiter is a pure RMS limiter whose functioning is based
important to proceed with caution in evaluating how the PRMS
solely on the voltage module measured at the amplifier output.
value is obtained. If no other values are declared, this rule of the
Differently from the TruePower limiter, this limiter does not
thumb can be used: the PAES can be estimated as 6dB below the
take into account the real part of the power; however, it has the
peak power (¼ of the peak power). It is very important to note
advantage of being independent from the number of cabinets
that, contrary to what happens with the peak limiter, setting the
linked together, just as a peak limiter.
TruePower limiter parameters must take into account the number
of speakers connected to the amplifier. This is due to the fact Some attention is needed to set the power threshold. The PAES can
that the real power is calculated not only with the output voltage be used if it is available. If no other power rating is declared, the
(which is identical for all speakers connected in parallel) but also PRMS can be used; however, the RMS parameter is a value related
with the output current (which changes according to the number to the maximum manageable power and not the real power.
of parallel speakers). Proceed with caution because the manageable power could be
greater than the real power. Some constructors declare the RMS
Determining the ideal time parameters for TruePower limiters is a
power as the minimum impedance point of the speaker; this,
very empirical process. As a guide, consider this simple rule:
again, may lead to an overestimation of the true power values the
Larger the coil, larger the thermal inertia, larger the time constant. speaker can handle. If no other values this rule of the thumb can
be used: the PRMS can be estimated as 6dB below the peak power
The following table summarizes this concept with practical
(¼ of the peak power).
numbers:
In order to preserve the driver in the long term, once the maximum
power limit is decided upon, consider a power reduction of up to
3dB of that value.
In order to use this limiter correctly, it is important to recalculate
the equivalent power at 8 Ω.
For example:
with an 8 Ω speaker with maximum RMS power of 500W, the
threshold power limit is straightforward because the max RMS
power is already given with respect to an 8 Ω load. But if, for
example, the maximum RMS power is 500W for a 4 Ω speaker,
the equivalent power at 8 Ω needs to be calculated.

▶▶ 27
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K Series User Guide

To calculate the equivalent power at 8 Ω: the peak and power limiters. This information, together with the
1. calculate the RMS voltage value needed to generate the average power truly delivered to the load (Pavg), is displayed in
maximum RMS power on the 4 Ω speaker: real time to allow monitoring of the limiting actions as they are
performed.
VRMS = R
8.2.2.7 Damping Control
where VRMS is the RMS voltage of the speaker and PRMS is its
maximum RMS power. The RMS voltage of the 4 Ω speaker in the WARNING: when damping control is enabled, a lowpass filter
above example is VRMS=44.7 V. cutting around 400 Hz is automatically inserted into the amplifier
2. calculate the power delivered to a speaker with nominal chain. This feature is intended to be used only for subwoofer
impedance of 8 Ω with a VRMS voltage: applications.
VRMS2 This unique and patented feature allows to add a “virtual” series
PRMS equiv = resistor to the amplifier output. This is done to obtain the desired
8 damping factor with any cabling used. For this end, the virtual
where PRMS equiv is the equivalent power on the 8 Ω speaker and series resistor can also have a negative value to compensate cabling
VRMS is the RMS voltage value calculated at step 1. In this example resistance. For example, using a 10 meter cable to powering the
this is 250W. This is the threshold power to set in the limiter. subwoofer means adding a series parasitic resistance of about 0.3
Ohms. By enabling the damping control, a virtual negative series
The time constants for the Power vs V @ 8 Ohm limiter can be set resistance can be added to compensate the cable resistance.
in the same way as for the TruePower limiter.
Typical cabling resistance:

AWG section area Length (m) Resistance (�)

Power vs I @ 8 Ω
16 2 x 1.5 mm2 5 0.13
This limiter’s behavior is similar to the case Power vs V @ 8 Ω with
16 2 x 1.5 mm2 10 0.26
the difference that all calculations are based on the current (and
16 2 x 1.5 mm 2
20 0.52
not voltage) measured at the output. In this case the formula to
derive the RMS power from the RMS current is: 14 2 x 1.5 mm2 5 0.08
14 2 x 1.5 mm 2
10 0.16
IRMS2 14 2 x 1.5 mm2 20 0.32
PRMS =
12 2 x 4 mm2 5 0.05
R
12 2 x 4 mm2 10 0.10
where PRMS is the RMS power and IRMS is the RMS current. This 12 2 x 4 mm2 20 0.20
limiter is particularly useful in situations where the parameter to
be controlled is the output current (e.g. for tweeters). It is also Another advantage offered by the damping control feature is that
useful for special applications such as large coil speakers with in adding the series equivalent output resistance to the amplifier
current controls. When determining this limiter’s parameters, it is chain, the voice coil resistance increase due to heating can be
necessary to take into account the number of speakers connected taken into account. This allows to obtain a correctly damped bass
in parallel to the amplifier. response at average working condition, where the voice coils is
subject to heating due to the passage of current. For example,
Power limiter settings if the subwoofers are going to work at close to full power, an
Power Limiter parameters that can be edited by the user are: additional negative resistance of 1 to 2 Ohms should be added
to compensate the high resistance generated by the heated voice
▶▶ Mode: allows to determine the power limiter
coils to obtain a correctly damped response. On the other hand, if
1. OFF/ON turns the limiter on or off
the same subwoofers are working at low power, a smaller negative
2. TruePower: sets the limiter mode to TruePower resistance should be added: in this case the cooler voice coil
3. Power vs V @ 8 Ohm presents a smaller series resistance to be compensated. Leaving
4. Power vs I @ 8 Ohm too high an equivalent series resistance results in an overdamped
▶▶ Soft knee: (ON/OFF) system.
▶▶ Thresh.(W): threshold output power level expressed in
Watts at which the gain begins to be reduced Typical resistance increase due to voice coil heating. Notice the
▶▶ Attack(ms): the time it takes for the limiter to start reducing
exceptionally high value (3.8 Ohm) when the driver reaches it
the amplifier gain once the output power has exceeded the thermal limit:
threshold value
▶▶ Release (ms): the time constant after which the gain is restored
its nominal value once the output power has returned below
the threshold
When editing the power threshold value, the display shows the
gain reduction (GR) in dBs enforced by the combined effect of

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Power
▶▶ Tone out Alarm, enable/disable the output tone detection.
Average power/ Equivalent series resistance ▶▶ Tone out Vmin, the minimun detected threshold voltage
compression
rated power for 8 � driver (�) value (range 0 Vrms - 20 Vrms, step of 1 Vrms )
(dB)
▶▶ Tone out Vmax, the maximum detected threshold voltage
10% 1.4 1.0
value (range 0 Vrms - 20 Vrms, step of 1 Vrms )
20% 2.0 1.4
50% 2.8 2.1
Load Alarm
100% 4.5 3.8
The output Load Monitor allows to detect the impedance load at
8.3 CH1/CH2 Setup a certain frequency. The high resolution algorithm implemented in
this tool allows accurate measures.
▶▶ Load Alarm, enable/disable the impedance detection.
8.3.1 Auxiliary Delay
▶▶ Load Zmin, the minimun allowed impedance threshold value
This delay is a further input delay acting on the input EQ This delay (range 0 Ω - 500 Ω, step of 0.1 Ω )
is not based on the input eq bypass. ▶▶ Load Zmax, the maximum allowed impedance threshold
value (range 0 Ω - 500 Ω, step of 0.1 Ω )

8.3.2 Diagnostics
The diagnostics tool allows the user to program and test the Measures
integrity of the input and/or output line. The input test is based Pressing the button measures gives access to a sub menu where
on the detection of a pure tone (generated by an external tone the various amplifier readings are available.
generator) on any input line. The output test reliess on the
▶▶ Tone in, measurements of the input tone at the selected
measurement of the impedance at a well defined frequency: the frequency.
amplifier can generate a pure tone and measure the voltage and ▶▶ Tone out, measurements of the output tone at the selected
current at the generated tone frequency. It is therefore possible frequency.
to recalculate the impedance at that specific frequency. When an ▶▶ Z load, measurements of the load at the selected frequency.
alarm condition is met, the user can be informed of the event via
software or directly from the amplifier.
8.4 Input EQ
Tone in Alarm
This menu allows to turn on / turn off the input processing block.
The tone in alarm can measure the integrity of any input line This can be useful when resetting the amplifier to the original
feeding signal into the amplifier. This detector can measure a tone “output processing only” behavior without using any software.
applied by an external generator. Turning off the Input EQ, all input processing set up using, for
▶▶ Tone in Alarm, enable/disable the input tone detection example, the Armonía Audio Suite can be bypassed at once. It
▶▶ Tone in Vmin, the frequency of the tone that has to be is advisable to save amplifier presets with this setting turned off:
detected (range 20 Hz - 24 kHz, step of 10 Hz) in this way when loading presets the user can be sure that only
▶▶ Tone in Vmax, the minimun thershold value that has been the output processing is enabled. The burden of re-enabling and
detected (range 0 Vrms - 4 Vrms, step of 10 mVrms ) setting up input processing is left to the remote control software.
▶▶ The maximum threshold value that has been detected (range
0 Vrms - 4 Vrms, step of 10 mVrms )
8.5 Reset Input Section
This operation disables the input processing (input EQ, input gain
Tone out gen and delay) and resets the aux delay to zero.
The inner tone generator allows the user to generate a tone that
can be used to check the integrity of the output line. This tone 8.6 Reset Output Section
should be used outside of the freqeuncy bandwidth of the driven
speaker to avoid can be listen. This function disables all output EQ, limiters and damping
functions.
▶▶ Tone out gen, enable/disable the internal generator
▶▶ Tone out ampl, the output voltage of th generator (range 0 Warning: this operation may potentially damage connected
Vrms - 20 Vrms, step of 1 Vrms speakers. Pay special attention to shutting down any audio
▶▶ Tone out freq, the frequency of the tone that has to be source before using this function.
generated and eventually detected (range 20 Hz - 24 kHz,
step of 10 Hz)
9 Network Operations
Tone out alarm
Network capabilities and network setting menus are available only
The output tone detection can measure the presence of a tone for K Series amplifiers equipped with a KAESOP board. KAESOP
generated by an external or internal generator. stands for K (as in Powersoft’s K Series) AES3 and Ethernet Simple

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Open Protocol. Powersoft’s KAESOP is designed to provide the relay, re-buffering actively the AES3 signal. The direction is
high reliability to live applications in harsh environments where maintained until errors are detected on the AES3 receiver circuit.
Quality Of Service must be guaranteed. Electromagnetic and When errors or link failure are detected, the direction is swapped,
radio frequency interference (EMI and RFI) originating from a to build-up a new path for the audio. In a fraction of a second (no
high power audio and light system must not degrade audio quality more than 50ms), some of the devices in a ring will swap to the
or cause a control link interruption. Moreover, a single cable or other direction, restoring the audio streaming.
device failure should not affect the overall system performance.
9.1.3 Network connections: Ethernet, AES3 forwarding and
9.1 User’s introduction to AESOP repeater modes
The AESOP standard can transport a single bidirectional Ethernet Each K Series amplifier can be configured to handle the pair of
100Mbps control data stream and two separate AES3 digital audio AES3 streams embedded in the AESOP protocol in one of two
monodirectional streams using one CAT-5 cable. All K Series basic network modes: repeater and forwarder. The following
amplifier with the optional KAESOP board installed are equipped section will describe these two different setups in detail. These
with at least two RJ45 connectors, each a single AESOP port, are true connection “building blocks”; it is therefore important
capable of sending and/or receiving data and audio. If the amplifier to understand these two modes thoroughly before attempting to
has only two RJ45 plugs, these will be on the frontal panel. If four create or modify larger and more complex amplifier networks.
plugs are present, the rear two will be “master” ports, while the
The following are definitions of the terms used in this section:
two on the frontal panel are “slave” ports. Master ports allow
both data and AES3 streams; slave ports, on the other hand, are ▶▶ AES3-A STREAM, AES3-B STREAM: streams from the
AESOP CAT-5 network. Each stream can carry a stereo
data-only ports, allowing Ethernet connections only. Ring, daisy
audio signal.
chain and a variety of network topologies are possible using the
▶▶ REAR AES3 STREAM: AES stream from the rear panel CH2
dual port design implemented in all K series amplifiers. XLR with when the toggle button is in the AES/EBU selected
position.
9.1.1 Data stream ▶▶ PORT 1, PORT 2: master RJ45 AES3 and control ports (on
the rear panel of amplifiers with four RJ45 ports, on the front
The data stream in the AESOP is implemented by a 100 Mbit panel for amplifiers with only two RJ45 ports).
Ethernet connectivity with auto-sense. The dual port design ▶▶ PORT 3, PORT 4: slave control data-only ports(on the
in K Series amplifiers allows for daisy chain and redundant ring front panel of amplifiers with four RJ45 ports, not present in
topologies. A fault-bypass built in feature takes into account the amplifiers with only two RJ45 ports).
possibility of loosing an intermediate device or having a faulty
cable link without compromising the ring integrity. Each device can
Ethernet internal switch
use a static IP address assigned by the user. Alternatively, it can
be set to automatically configure itself without user intervention All control data streams in the KAESOP system are transported
following the Zeroconf protocol. The KAESOP board detects bad via an Ethernet protocol. Inside all K Series amplifiers is an Ethernet
quality connections by counting errors on the Ethernet control. switch connected to each RJ45. This means that the bidirectional
Faulty connections are automatically switched from 100Mbit/s to data stream can enter/exit one port and exit/enter any other port,
10Mbit/s to attempt to keep the link active even in the worst either alongside AES3 streams or on its own. Internal routing of
case scenarios. Please note that even if crossed Ethernet cables Ethernet networking is automatic and not user controllable. An
would work control wise, crossed cables are NOT to be used for internal switch provides packet flooding block services in order to
KAESOP connections: they will not allow the AES3 streams to allow building networks with a ring topology.
flow correctly.

KAESOP repeater mode

9.1.2 Audio
In the “Repeater” mode, any AES3 stream received on port 1
Audio is distributed to devices via the AESOP protocol by 2
will be repeated on port 2 and vice-versa: if the AES3 stream
independent and separate AES3 streams. These are carried by
is received on port 2 it will be repeated on port 1. This applies
two CAT-5 wire pairs unused in the 100 Mbit Ethernet protocol.
to both AES stream A and AES stream B independently. If an
AES3 is a license free and well known standard guaranteeing low-
AES3 stream (A or B) is present as input at both RJ45 ports (this
latency, high reliability and excellent audio quality. A single AES3
can happen when a ring network topology is used), the internal
stream can carry a stereo audio signal. The AESOP protocol can
AESOP repeater feeds only one of the two identical streams
therefore handle four audio channels.
keeping the second stream in standby. If for some reason the first
stream fails the second stream is used as a backup audio source.
When a K Series amplifier is powered off or if it is unavailable,
a passive high frequency relay circuit allows the audio signal to
pass through, preserving the network chain connection integrity.
When the device is powered up, the internal circuits automatically
select the most appropriate AES3 stream direction and bypass

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Port 1 Port 2 Port 1 Port 2

(master) (master) (master) (master)

Ethernet switch
AES3-A stream
Control data stream Ethernet switch AES3-A stream
AES3-B stream
Control data stream
Port 3 Port 4
(slave) (slave)

Port 3 Port 4
(slave) (slave)

FIGURE 44: This diagram illustrates a simplified internal AES3 and

Ethernet data path. The amplifier is set to repeat the AES3-A stream FIGURE 46: This diagram shows both AES3 datapaths in repeater
coming from master port 1 to master port 2. For consistency, master mode. In this example, the AES3-A streams enters port 2 and is
ports are placed in the rear of the amp, while slave ports are at repeated out of port 1. At the same time, the AES3-B stream is
the front. Notice that AES3 streams are monodirectional, while data incoming in port 1 and is repeated outwardly via port 2. All possible
stream is bidirectional. permutations are not displayed.

Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)

KEASOP forward mode

When the amplifier is set in forward mode, the AES3 signal
coming into the amplifier from the rear panel XLR connector is
forwarded to both of the master RJ45 ports. The rear panel toggle
button next to the CH2 XLR connector must be in the “AES/
EBU” position. There are three ways the AES can be forwarded:

▶▶ Forward to AES3-A:
Ethernet switch
AES3-A stream
Control data stream
the amplifier’s rear panel AES input via the XLR connector will be
routed to the AES stream A on both master ports 1 and 2. If there
Port 3
(slave)
Port 4
(slave)
is an AES3-B stream incoming from either master ports (1 or 2),
this will be repeated on the other master port. For example, the
figure below shows the “Forward to AES3-A” function where the
FIGURE 45: This diagram shows the amplifier set to repeat the
AES3 stream coming from the rear XLR connector is forwarded
AES3-A from master port 2 to master port 1.
to the AES3-A stream and no AES3-B stream is present.

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Port 1 Port 2 Port 1 Port 2

(master) (master) (master) (master)

Ethernet switch Ethernet switch

AES3-A stream AES3-B stream
Control data stream Control data stream

Port 3 Port 4 Port 3 Port 4

(slave) (slave) (slave) (slave)

FIGURE 49: Forward to AES3-B signal path. No AES3-A stream

FIGURE 47: Forward to AES3-A signal path. No AES3-B stream
present
present
This figure, on the other hand, illustrates the signal path in Port 1 Port 2
“Forward to AES3-A” mode when an AES3-B stream is present; (master) (master)

the AES3-B stream is, in this example, incoming through master

port 1. The AES3-A stream, if present will be repeated from/to
master RJ45 ports 1 and 2.

Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)

Ethernet switch AES3-A stream

AES3-B stream
Control data stream

Port 3 Port 4
(slave) (slave)

Ethernet switch AES3-A stream

FIGURE 50: Forward to AES3-B signal path and simultaneous AES3-A
AES3-B stream
Control data stream
stream in repeater mode.
▶▶ Forward to both:
Port 3 Port 4
(slave) (slave) the amplifier’s rear panel AES input via the XLR connector will be
routed to both AES3 stream A and AES3 stream B on both main
FIGURE 48: Forward to AES3-A signal path and simultaneous AES3-B ports 1 and 2. Repeater functionality will be disabled.
stream in repeater mode.
▶▶ Forward to AES3-B:
the amplifier behaves just as in the “forward to AES3-A” mode
but with respect to the AES3-B stream. The AES3 stream coming
from the rear panel XLR connector will be routed to the AES3-B
stream on both RJ45 ports 1 and 2. The AES3-A stream, if present
will be repeated from/to master RJ45 ports 1 and 2.

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amplifiers.
Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master) AES3 source Ethernet network

Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)

Device mode: forward to AES3-A

Port 3 Port 4
(slave) (slave)

Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)

Device mode: repeat

Port 3 Port 4
(slave) (slave)

Ethernet switch AES3-A stream

AES3-B stream
Port 1 Port 2
Control data stream (master) (master)

Port 3 Port 4
(slave) (slave) Device mode: repeat

Port 3 Port 4
(slave) (slave)

FIGURE 51: AES3 stream coming from the rear XLR stream is routed
Port 1 Port 2
to both AES3 streams A and B via the master RJ45 ports. (master) (master)

IMPORTANT: when an amplifier is set to forward the XLR AES3

Device mode: repeat
signal to either the AES3-A or AES3-B stream, the amplifier can
Port 3 Port 4
accept as the sole AES3 input signal the one coming from the (slave) (slave)

XLR connector. The RJ45 ports cannot, when the amplifier is in

AES3-A
forwarding mode on both streams, input an AES3 signal to the Ethernet

amplifier. FIGURE 52: Daisy chain connection of four amplifiers with four RJ45
ports each
9.2 Network robustness
AES3 source Ethernet network

K series amplifiers equipped with a KAESOP are capable of

being connected each to the other via a network: using a single
sound source, each amplifier in the network can be, for example,
dedicated to providing power audio signal to a given subsection Port 2
(master) Device mode: forward to AES3-A
of a large venue. In dealing with networks of amplifiers, one of Port 1

the most important aspects to consider, especially when working

(master)

in a critical application such as large venue sound distribution, is

the robustness of the network itself. Data and audio connections
Device mode: repeat
can be made “fault proof”: this means that if for some reason
Port 1 Port 2
one audio or data connection should fail, the whole system is not (master) (master)

compromised. The degree of redundancy expresses how many

network connections can break before sound is interrupted in
any one amplifier part of the system. A “zero degree” redundant Device mode: repeat

system is not robust: the first connection to jump (either from a Port 1
(master)
Port 2
(master)

cable failure or even from an amplifier problem) means the whole

system goes down. A “one degree” redundancy system, on the
other hand, will continue working automatically if one (but no Device mode: repeat

more than one) connection fails. This happens because K series Port 1
(master)
Port 2
(master)

amplifiers can sense a connection failure and automatically (and

almost instantaneously) invert the audio feed direction to allow AES3-A
Ethernet
the source signal to remain uninterrupted.
FIGURE 53: Daisy chain connection of four amplifiers with two frontal
The following section illustrates and analyzes some common RJ45 ports each
amplifier networks divided by redundancy degrees.
The first amplifier in the chain receives the AES3 input from the
rear panel XLR connector and then forwards it to the AES3-A
9.3 Network connections (or, alternatively, the AES3-B) stream. In order to do so, the first
▶▶ Daisy chain amplifier mode is set to “forward to AES3-A stream”. Instructions
on how to set the amplifier mode can be found in section “10.1
The following diagrams show a daisy chain connection of 4
Device Mode” on page 36. The second amplifier in the chain

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receives the AES3-A stream from the master port number 1. Set
Ethernet network AES3 source
in repeater mode, this amplifier relays the AES3-A signal to the
third amplifier in the chain via the RJ45 port number 2. This setup Port 1 Port 2

is repeated until the final amplifier in the chain receives its AES3-A
(master) (master)

signal. The first connection to the Ethernet network is done via

a CAT-5 cable inserted in any free RJ45 port ( FIGURE 53 shows Device mode: forward to AES3-A

port number 3 being used, but ports 2 or 4 could have been used
Port 3 Port 4
(slave) (slave)

instead. In FIGURE 54 the only free port is port number 2). The
Port 1 Port 2

control data stream, travelling using the Ethernet standard, travels (master) (master)

within the chain alongside the AES3-A stream in a bidirectional

manner. Device mode: repeat

Port 3 Port 4

The daisy chain topology is not robust. If any single AES3 or

(slave) (slave)

Ethernet cable connection is interrupted, the whole system fails. Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)

In the diagram below, if the crossed out connection should fail,

both amplifiers number 3 as well as 4 would not be able to receive
Device mode: repeat
any audio signal to play. Their connection to the Ethernet network
Port 3 Port 4

would fail as well. (slave) (slave)

Port 1 Port 2
AES3 source Ethernet network (master) (master)

Device mode: forward to AES3-A

Port 3 Port 4
(slave) (slave)

Port 2
#1
(master) Device mode: forward to AES3-A
AES3-A
Port 1
(master) Ethernet

FIGURE 55: Intermediate connection, internally robust with respect to

#2 the AES3 stream. Four-port-amplifier diagram
Device mode: repeat

Port 1 Port 2 AES3 source

(master) (master)

#3
Device mode: repeat
Port 2
(master) Device mode: forward to AES3-A
Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)
Port 1
(master) Ethernet network

#4
Device mode: repeat
Device mode: repeat
Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)
Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)

AES3-A
Ethernet

FIGURE 54: Daisy chain connection of four amplifiers with two frontal Device mode: repeat

RJ45 ports each: case of internal connection failure between amps Port 1
(master)
Port 2
(master)

number 2 and 3
▶▶ Intermediate audio robust chain
Device mode: forward to AES3-A
A slightly more robust network with respect to the audio system
Port 1 Port 2

is the one illustrated in the following diagram. In this connection, (master) (master)

two amplifiers, the first and the last one in the network, are set to AES3-A

work in forward mode. The remaining “central amplifiers” are set Ethernet

to work in repeater mode. FIGURE 56: Intermediate connection, internally robust with respect to
the AES3 stream. Two-port-amplifier diagram
The fourth amplifier’s audio input is the AES3 stream coming from
the XLR connector because it is in forward mode; the AES3-A
stream coming from amplifier number 3 via master port 1 is
redundant, meaning it is not necessary for the fourth amplifier to
produce sound. The reason for this connection is to improve the
robustness of the audio connection of amplifiers 2 and 3.
The system’s connections could be interrupted in the following
ways:

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If the connection between amplifiers 2 and 3 should fail, the

AES3 source
Ethernet network connection would be interrupted but not
the audio stream. As a result of the interruption of the amplifier
2-amplifier 3 link, amplifier number 3 would stop receiving an
incoming AES3 stream from amplifier number 2; amplifier number Port 2 #1
(master) Device mode: forward to AES3-A
4, however, would continue forwarding the AES3 stream into Port 1
Ethernet network
amplifier 3. This means that amplifier 3 would automatically sense
(master)

a backup AES3 feed coming from amplifier 4.

#2
Device mode: repeat
AES3 source
Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)

#3
Port 2 #1 Device mode: repeat
(master) Device mode: forward to AES3-A
Port 1 Port 2
Port 1 (master) (master)
(master) Ethernet network

#4
#2 Device mode: forward to AES3-A
Device mode: repeat
Port 1 Port 2
Port 1 Port 2 (master) (master)
(master) (master)

AES3-A
Ethernet

#3
Device mode: repeat FIGURE 58: If the connection between amplifiers number 1 and 2
Port 1
(master)
Port 2
(master) should fail, amplifiers number 4 and 3 would automatically act as a
backup AES3 stream that can reach amplifier number 2 so no audio
#4 interruption can be heard.
Device mode: forward to AES3-A

Port 1
(master)
Port 2
(master)
The Ethernet network, however, would still be compromised.
AES3-A If the connection between amplifier number 3 and 4 should fail, no
Ethernet
audio interruption would be heard. Amplifier number 3 receives
FIGURE 57: If the connection between amplifiers number 2 and its incoming AES3 stream from amplifier number 2. The fourth
3 should fail, amplifier number 4 forwards a backup AES3 stream amplifier reproduces sound coming directly from the AES3 source
towards amplifier number 3 so no audio interruption can be heard. fed in its rear panel XLR connector.
If the connection between amplifiers 1 and 2 should fail, no The robustness of this network is guaranteed for AES3 signals only,
sound interruption would be heard. In this case, amplifier number and for a single cable failure at a time. If two or more connections
4 would still forward its AES3 stream direction to amplifier 3. should fail, one or more amplifiers (depending on where the
Amplifiers 3 would invert its repeater stream and feed the interruption occurs) would be muted.
AES3 stream to amplifier number 2. Amplifier number 2 would
therefore be able to continue to reproduce the AES3 stream this
▶▶ Intermediate data robust chain
time coming from amplifier number 3 instead of amplifier number The audio signal robustness of the previous intermediate chain
1. Amplifier number 1 reproduces sound from the XLR rear panel example is guaranteed by the double AES3 forward mode of the
AES3 source. top and bottom amplifiers in the chain. The same cane be done for
the Ethernet data connection, using an external switch capable of
managing two (and more) Ethernet streams. The diagram below
shows this configuration for both 4 and 2 -RJ45 ports amplifiers.

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one functioning mode from a set of possible alternatives. These

Ethernet network AES3 source
alternatives are all presented in a list. A black diamond shape
Port 1 Port 2
next to a specific item in the list indicates that that is the selected
(master) (master)

option.

Device mode: forward to AES3-A In FIGURE 61, for example, the selected device mode is “Forward
Port 3
(slave)
Port 4
(slave)
to AES3-A” because the diamond shape appears next to it in the
Device mode list.
Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)

Device mode: repeat

Port 3
(slave)
Port 4
(slave)
Repeat (default)
Port 1 Port 2
Forward to AES3-A
(master) (master)

Forward to AES3-B
Device mode: repeat
back sel
Port 3 Port 4
(slave) (slave)

Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)

Device mode: forward to AES3-A FIGURE 61: The black diamond next to the “Forward to AES3-A” item
Port 3
(slave)
Port 4
(slave)
indicates that it is the currently set device mode

AES3-A
Ethernet 10.1 Device Mode
FIGURE 59: Intermediate connection, internally robust with respect to This parameter sets the amplifier mode with respect to the AES3
the AES3 stream. Four-port-amplifier diagram stream
AES3 source ▶▶ Repeater: the AES3 stream received on port 1 is repeated to
port 2 and vice versa
▶▶ Forward to AES3-A: the AES stream from the rear panel XLR
is rerouted to exit both RJ45 master ports as an AES3-A
Port 2
(master)
stream. The amplifier will be in repeater mode with respect
Device mode: forward to AES3-A
to the AES3-B stream
Port 1
Ethernet network
▶▶ Forward to AES3-B: the AES stream from the rear panel
(master)

XLR is rerouted to exit both RJ45 master ports as an AES3-B

stream. The amplifier will be in repeater mode with respect
Device mode: repeat to the AES3-A stream
Port 1
(master)
Port 2
(master) ▶▶ Forward to both: the AES stream from the rear panel XLR
is rerouted to both AES3-A and AES3-B streams out both
RJ45 master ports. The repeater mode is disabled in this
Device mode: repeat configuration.
Port 1
(master)
Port 2
(master) Note: when an amplifier is in forward mode (either to AES3-A,
AES3-B or both) the amplifier can only accept the AES signal
coming from the rear panel XLR connector. AES3 streams
Device mode: forward to AES3-A
incoming from any other RJ45 port are ignored.
Port 1 Port 2
(master) (master)

10.2 Addressing Mode

AES3-A
Ethernet
This parameter controls the IP addressing assignment strategy:
▶▶ “Manual” requires the user to set a valid static address and
FIGURE 60: Intermediate connection, internally robust with respect to subnet mask (and, optionally, the default gateway). The PC
the AES3 stream. Two-port-amplifier diagram should be on the same subnet of the amplifier if no routers
are present between the PC and amplifier.
▶▶ “Automatic” lets the amplifier ask and obtain a network
10 KAESOP Network settings menu configuration from a DHCP server. Starting from power-on,
the amplifier tries to obtain a valid IP address from a DHCP
server. After a timeout of 30 seconds, if an IP address is not
In all the menus illustrating a series of possible alternatives that a obtained, the amplifier takes an automatic private address in
specific amplifier parameter can have, a diamond shape will mark the range 169.254.x.y, but continues to search for a DHCP
the value set for that specific parameter. server. When the DHCP becomes available, the address is
updated. If no DHCP server is available, the amplifier obtains
Many of the menus in this section require the user to select an IP address by Automatic IP (local link addressing or

▶▶ 36
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K Series User Guide

ZeroConf). 10.5.4 If no link

The amplifier behavior complies with RFC 3927, guaranteeing the This parameter allows the user to choose the behavior of the
interoperability with any host PC supporting this standard. amplifier when the digital audio stream is missing and the Input
Selection is set as KAESOP=>OUT. The two possible alternatives
10.3 Set Address are:

This menu allows to manually set the amplifier’s IP address, subnet

▶▶ Mute: in this case the amplifier output is muted
mask and default gateway. ▶▶ Analog: in this case the amplifier automatically switches
to CH1/CH2 analog input if the digital stream is missing,
returning to the digital stream in case this should become
10.4 Show Net Config available again. This mode could be used to implement an
analog backup connection for the digital stream.
This menu shows the current networking configuration, either set
by the user via the “Set address” menu or obtained automatically
if the automatic addressing mode is selected.
11 Display

10.5 Audio
11.1 Output Meters
The output meters screen shows important output signal
10.5.1 Source Selection
information for the amplifier. By pressing the right most front
This menu allows the user to select the AES3 stream source to panel button, the screen view is toggled between information
feed the output power stage of the amplifier. The AES3 signal can relative to channel 1, channel 2 or relative to the sum of channels
come from either: 1 and 21 The top line in this screen displays the RMS voltage value
of the output, both as a number as well as a horizontal meter
bar. The second and third line display the output RMS current
▶▶ AES3 XLR: the rear panel XLR connector, while the “AES/ and power level respectively. The output power reported is a
EBU-Analog” pushbutton is in the “EAS/EBU” selected
position peak value reading taken every 200 ms. The bottom line of the
▶▶ AES3-A: the AES3-A stream coming from one of the two
screen displays the load impedance as “Zload”. The minimum
master RJ45 ports (either the two in the back of the amplifier output voltage is stored internally and available to remote clients
for 4-port amps, or the two in front for amps with only two connected to the amplifier. The load impedance is indirectly
RJ45 jacks) inferred by a successive approximations. Time between single
▶▶ AES3-B: the AES3-B stream coming from on of the two output impedance approximations depends on the output
master RJ45 ports (either the two in the back of the amplifier signal: the greater the amplitude of the signal, the shorter the
for 4-port amps, or the two in front for amps with only two time interval between measurements needed to approximate
RJ45 jacks)
the output impedance, the faster the successive approximation
method will converge to the true impedance value.
10.5.2 Source Mode
This menu allows to selects the channel(s) contained the selected
AES stream to be forwarded to the output power stage of the
amplifier. The possibilities are: 70 Vrms
▶▶ Parallel from L: the left channel from the selected AES3 9 Arms
stream (see “8.2.1.1 Source Selection” on page 22) is 630 Watt
forwarded to both amplifier channels back Zload=8.0 C1+2
▶▶ Parallel from R: the right channel from the selected AES3
stream (see “8.2.1.1 Source Selection” on page 22) is
forwarded to both amplifier channels
▶▶ Stereo: the right channel from the selected AES3 stream goes
to channel 1 or the amplifier; the right channel from the AES3
stream goes to the amplifier’s left channel. FIGURE 62: Output meters screen for a bridged channel 1/channel 2
connection. Measured load impedance in this example is 8 Ohms.
10.5.3 Gain Trim
This parameter trims the digital level of the AES3 stream. The gain 11.2 Temperature
trim scale goes from +5dB to -40dB with 0.5dB steps. The 0dB
This screen displays the current amplifier temperature.
gain trim level has an analog level equivalent of +13.5dBu. A 0dBFS
level in the AES3 stream corresponds to an absolute analog level
of +18.5dBu (with a +5dB gain trim level).
1Note: in the “C1+2” mode, the RMS voltage and power readings
Note: please note that when using a digital input, the amplifier displayed are the average RMS voltage and peak power of each
will keep a fixed 32dB gain. channel. The RMS current value, on the other hand, is the sum of
each single channel’s RMS current level.

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12 Local presets

All K Series amplifiers have an on board memory capable of

storing up to 50 presets. An amplifier preset is a snapshot of the
34°C current amplifier status, including the basic amplifier settings and
the KDSP board settings if a DSP board is present.
back - +
12.1 Locked presets
When the “locked presets” function is active, a number of presets,
determined by the “Locked bank size” menu, is not over writable.
This function’s status can be toggled on/off by entering the Lock
FIGURE 63: Current amplifier temperature
code. For instructions on how to enter and edit text, please see
section “12.4 Save local preset” on page 39.
11.3 Mains meters
This screen displays the updated mains RMS voltage and RMS
current levels. Values are displayed in numbers and as progress
bars. Lock code
000000
ok - + sel
Mains meters
170 Vrms
20 Arms
back
FIGURE 65: Enter the lock code. Select correct digit by using “+” and
“-” buttons. Move to the digit to the right by pressing the “sel” button
If the wrong code is entered, the system simply returns to the
previous local presets menu.
FIGURE 64: Updated mains RMS current and voltage values
PLEASE NOTE: the current and voltage levels displayed in this 12.2 Locked bank size
screen are approximate values: which serve the purpose of giving This menu allows the user to set the number of locally stored
a general indication of the mains levels. Please refer to other presets that cannot be overwritten. Either all (50) or none (0) of
sources (such as calibrated multimeters) for reliable and exact the presets can be locked. After entering the correct lock code,
mains voltage and current measurements. select the number of presets to be write protected.

11.4 Amplifier Name

The “Amplifier Name” menu gives access to two menu branches:
the “Display Amp data” function and the “Edit Amplifier name” Locked bank size
menu. 10
When the “Display Amp data” function is activated, the main
ok - + slow
amplifier screen shows the amplifier name (20 characters, bold)
blinking to a second screen showing the current selected preset
name (40 characters). If the preset has been altered in any way,
the displayed preset name will have a “Modified” prefix to indicate
this.
FIGURE 66: Change the number of locked presets by pressing the “+”
The amplifier name can be assigned by entering the “Edit amplifier
or the “-” buttons. The slow editing mode uses one preset steps; the
name” menu. For information regarding on-screen text editing,
fast mode uses 10 presets steps.
please see “12.4 Save local preset” on page 39.
When done, press the left most button labelled “ok” to return to
the previous screen.

12.3 Recall local preset

In order to recall on of the 50 locally stored presets, press ok

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when the “Recall local preset” line is highlighted. Then use the preset has been loaded in the amplifier either via remote control
middle buttons to navigate forwards or backwards in the existing or using a SmartCard.
presets list. If a preset number is not used, it is labelled <empty>.
Once the desired preset has been found, press the right most
button labelled “ok” to load it.

Keep this name?

PRESET1
Select Preset #3 no yes
flat
back ok
FIGURE 70: Pressing “yes” will write the current setup to preset
number one and will name it “PRESET 1”. Pressing “no” will allow the
user to change the preset name
FIGURE 67: Preset number 3, named “flat” is selected. To load it,
By pressing “no”, the preset name can be edited. The preset name
press “ok”. Press “back” to return to the previous screen
can be edited one character at a time. The arrow points towards
Once the preset has been loaded correctly, press the left most the active character that is currently being edited. To move from
button labelled “back” to return to the local presets menu. one character to the next, press the “sel” button. The “+” and “-”
buttons allow to navigate within a standard set of capital letters
and basic punctuation marks.

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST
UVWXYZ !"#$%&'()*+,-
Preset loaded ./0123456789:;<=>?@
back FIGURE 71: The list of available characters
When the preset has been correctly saved with the name entered
by the user entered, a confirmation screen will appear (see
FIGURE 72).

FIGURE 68: The chosen preset has been loaded correctly. The
amplifier’s current settings match those store in the loaded preset

12.4 Save local preset

Preset saved.
Save to an empty slot
To save a current amplifier setup as a preset to the local memory,
back
enter the “Save local preset” menu. Select an non used preset
which is labelled empty:

FIGURE 72: Preset saved confirmation screen

Select preset #1 Overwriting an existing preset
<empty> If the preset location is not empty, the amplifier will ask the user
confirmation to overwrite the file. Note that if you have already
back ok input a preset name, or if you have loaded a preset from local
memory or a SmartCard, the name is used as starting point for
a new save preset operation. For example, suppose that a preset
named “18IN SUB 1” has been loaded from a SmartCard with the
purpose of saving it in the amplifier’s local memory in the preset
FIGURE 69: Preset memory location number 1 is empty slot number 3, as show in FIGURE 73:
After pressing “ok”, the user is asked whether to keep the current
preset name or change it. The current preset name will be
“PRESET” followed by the selected memory slot name if no other

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K Series User Guide

12.5 Change Lock Code

In order to change the lock code used to activate the “Lock
presets” function, the old user code must be entered. Enter the
Select Preset #3 code by following the text editing procedure described in the
“Save Local Preset” section. Press “ok” when the code has been
PRESET 3 completely entered. If the entered code is correct, another screen
back ok will prompt the user to enter then new lock code. If the entered
code is incorrect, the system returns to the previous screen.
There is no limit on the number of times that an incorrect lock
code can be entered.

FIGURE 73: Preset slot number 3 being selected to accommodate the 12.6 Erase all presets
preset loaded from the SmartCard. This function allows to erase all non write protected presets in the
In this case the amplifier asks the user whether to keep the preset’s amplifier’s internal memory. After having selected this function’s
name as loaded from the SmartCard or change it. This is useful for submenu by pressing “ok”, a confirmation screen will appear.
copying presets from/to SmartCard.

Save local preset

Clip Limiter CH2:ON
Keep this name? Erase all presets
18IN SUB 1 back ok
no yes

FIGURE 76: Press “ok” to select the “erase all presets” submenu
FIGURE 74: Keep this name confirmation screen
By pressing “no” the system will enter in a text editing mode,
allowing the user to choose a preset name. For details on text
editing, see section “Save local preset” on page 39. By pressing
“yes”, the user is prompted to confirm the intention of overwriting Are you sure?
the preset.
back ok

Are you sure to

overwrite current
preset? FIGURE 77: Erase all preset confirmation request
back ok Pressing “ok” will erase all non protected presets. Pressing “back”
will return the user to the previous screen. When all non write
protected presets have been erased, a screen confirming this will
appear.

FIGURE 75: This screen prompts the user to confirm overwriting an

existing preset slot
Pressing “ok” will confirm the overwrite. Once the preset has
been correctly saved a screen will inform the user of this (see
FIGURE 72). Pressing “back” will return the user to the previous
screen to select another memory slot in which to save the current
preset.

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13.3 LCD contrast

This screen allows the user to set the LCD display contrast using
the “+” and “-” buttons.

Erased
back Contrast
6
back - +
FIGURE 78: All presets have been erased
Please press “back” to return to the local presets menu.

13 Setup FIGURE 79: Setting screen for the LCD display contrast

13.4 Key Locking and Setting The Keylock Code

13.1 Hardware info In order to prevent the amplifier’s settings from being altered by
This menu allows the user to access various information about the acting on the front panel commands, the “lock” function can be
amplifier’s hardware. The first screen shows the amplifier name activated if the corresponding button is held pressed for more
followed by: than 1 second; in this case all other buttons are locked. Unlocking
buttons is done in the same way, but an unlock code is required
▶▶ S/N: serial number of the amplifier
for security reasons. In order to enter an unlock code for the
▶▶ Hw ID: hardware ID, selectable via the rotary encoders on amplifier, select the “Set Keylock Code” from the Setup Menu.
the back panel
Please not that this screen can also be accessed by pressing the
Pressing the “more” button on the screen allows to cycle through “unlock” button in the main screen when the amp is in locked key
a greater number of pages containing more information; the mode. Using the two central buttons, chose and set an unlock
“back” button will bring the user back to the previous setup menu. code. Pressing the right most key (labelled “sel”) allows to select
▶▶ KFRNT: this is the front panel version the desired digit.
▶▶ KCTRL: controller version number
▶▶ KDSP: DSP board version number (available only for models
with the optional DSP board)
▶▶ KAESOP: network board version number (available only for
Set keylock Code
models with the optional KAESOP board)
000000
▶▶ Lifetime: operating hours of the amplifier.
back - + sel
13.2 Hardware monitor
This menu allows the user to access information about the current
amplifier system parameters. These are:
▶▶ PWRBSCH1: amplifier’s power supply voltage for channel 1
FIGURE 80: Setting the keylock code screen
▶▶ PWRBSCH2: amplifier’s power supply voltage for channel 2
Pressing the “more” button on the screen allows to cycle through
a greater number of pages containing more information; the 13.5 Single Channel Muting
“back” button will bring the user back to the previous setup menu. Muting of one channel at a time can be done via the “mute”
▶▶ VAUX: internal auxiliary voltage function directly from the amplifier’s front panel. Pressing the
▶▶ +5VAN: auxiliary analog voltage button directly below the “mute” label can mute each channel
▶▶ VEXT: external remote control voltage individually; in this case, the on screen channel-specific parameters
▶▶ VAUX: indicates if the power supply auxiliary voltage is
are replaced by the “muted” label. Unmuting the channels is done
correct by pressing the “mute” button again.
▶▶ IGBTCONV: indicates the DC/DC converter monitor status

▶▶ VBOOST: internal post PFC voltage

▶▶ 192KHZ: system clock frequency status

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K Series User Guide

assist cooling (the fan speed changes in response to the amplifier’s

cooling needs). If the heat sink temperature reaches approximately
80°C, the yellow front panel LED starts blinking. If the temperature
should rise above 85°C the thermal sensing circuitry will mute each
CH1 READY power section channels, the yellow LED will be steadily on, and
V I MUTED the power supply will be cut off. At the same time, the “PROT”
warning appears in the first line of the LCD display. Once the
lock mute mute menu heatsink has cooled down, the amplifier will automatically reset
and the yellow LED will go off. One possible way to reduce the
temperature is to reduce the output power.

14.4 DC fault protection

FIGURE 81: Example of a muted right channel. To unmute the
channel, press the right most “mute” button again In order to protect your speakers from mechanical damage caused
by a DC signal coming from the amplifier’s output, a DC detection
circuit is placed between the amplifier’s output stage and power
14 Protection supply. If a DC signal or excessive subsonic energy appears at a
channel output an instantaneous protection circuit will cut off the
In order to protect your device and your speakers from accidental power supply to both channels. Power supply shutdown is used
damage, K Series amplifiers include an extensive automatic instead of speaker relays in order to improve the damping factor
protection system. In the following sections, potentially dangerous and reliability of K Series amplifiers. At the same time, the “PROT”
scenarios and the amplifiers’ corresponding protective response warning appears in the first line of the LCD display.
are explained in detail.
14.5 Input/Output protection
14.1 Turn-On/Turn-Off muting An ultrasonic network decouples radio frequencies from the
For about four seconds after turn-on, and immediately at turn-off, outputs keeping the amplifier stable with reactive loads and
the amplifier outputs are muted. Class D amplifiers may cause protects the loudspeakers against strong very high frequency non-
severe speaker damage at power up due to the high voltage levels musical signals above the audible range.
at the output stage. In order to avoid this, the outputs are muted
for about 4 seconds after turn on. Similarly, turning off the amplifier 15 User Maintenance
can cause the same problem: outputs are muted immediately at
turn off.

15.1 Cleaning
14.2 Short circuit protection
Before attempting to clean any part of the amplifier, first disconnect
Short circuits or very low impedance loads may destroy the the AC main source. Use a soft cloth and mild nonabrasive
output stage of any amplifier. In order to protect the amplifier solution to clean the faceplate and chassis. WARNING! Never let
from the dangerously high current surges arising from accidental any liquid reach the internal parts of the amplifier.
output short circuits or low impedance loads, all K series amps
block channel activity when the current drawn from the load rises
above a set value. In case of short circuit, the topmost front panel 15.2 Service
red LED will light-up. At the same time, the “PROT” warning There are no user-serviceable parts in your amplifier. Refer
appears in the first line of the LCD display. The channel is muted servicing to qualified technical personnel. In addition to having an
for 2 seconds after which the amplifier will check whether the in-house service department, Powersoft supports a network of
current draw is still over the safety threshold. Should this be the authorized service centers. If your amplifier needs repair contact
case, the amplifier will mute the channel for another 2 seconds your Powersoft dealer (or distributor). You can also contact the
and the procedure will reiterate. The amplifier will therefore Powersoft Technical Service department to obtain the location of
automatically self-reset the channel every 2 seconds. Once the the nearest authorized service center.
amplifier channel has undergone 50 resets and the output current
draw is still above safe limits, the channel enters a permanent
15.3 Dust Removal
protection mode: an on/off cycle is needed to restart the unit and
restore it to full functioning mode. The red LED will be turned off In dusty environments, the front side air filters clog with dust after
and the amplifier will return to normal operating conditions only prolonged use. The dust gathered in the filters will interfere with
when the output current draw returns to acceptable levels. cooling. You may use compressed air to remove the dust from
filters. To remove air filters:
14.3 Thermal protection 1. first unscrew the 2 M2 5X8 screws at the sides of the frontal
panel
All K Series amplifiers use a continuously variable speed fan to 2. rotate the covering grill

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K Series User Guide

3. repeat the same operation for the other covering grill necessary to return defective products to Powersoft for repair.
In the latter case, before shipping, you are kindly asked to follow
step by step the procedure described below: Obtain the “Defect
Report Form” contacting our Customer Care Department via
email:
[email protected]
or download the “Defect Report Form”. Fill out one “Defect
cover grill Report form” for each returned item (the form is an editable
screw filter
tab guided document) and save as your name, amp model and
FIGURE 82: Air filter removal serial Number (for example: distributornamek10sn17345.doc)
Air filter cleaning should be scheduled according to the dust levels providing all required information except the RMA code/s and
in the amplifier’s operating environment. send it to service@ powersoft.it for Powersoft approval. In case
of defect reports approved by the Powersoft Customer Service
Representative you will receive an RMA authorization code (one
16 Warranty RMA code for each returning device). Upon receiving the RMA
code you must package the unit and attach the RMA code outside
Product Warranty: the pack, protected in a waterproof transparent envelope so it is
clearly visible. All returning items must be shipped to the following
Powersoft guarantees its manufactured products to be free from address:
defective components and factory workmanship for a period of 48
(forty eight) months, starting from the date of purchase printed on Powersoft srl
Powersoft’s (or any of its Authorized Dealer’s) invoice to the end Via Enrico Conti, 13-15
customer. All warranty repairs and retrofits must be performed at
Powersoft facilities or at an Authorized Service Center at no cost 50018 Scandicci (FI) Italy
for the purchaser. Warranty exclusion: Powersoft’s warranty does In case of shipment from countries NOT belonging to the
not cover product malfunctioning or failure caused by: misuse, European Community make sure you have also followed the
abuse, repair work or alterations performed by non-authorized instructions described in the document available for download at
personnel, incorrect connections, exposure to harsh weather the following link:
conditions, mechanical damages(including shipping accidents), and
normal wear and tear. Powersoft will perform warranty services ht tp://w w w.power sof t-audio.com/en/component /docman/
provided that the product is not damaged during transportation. doc_download/298-temporar y-expor t-impor t-procedure.
html?Itemid=111

Return of Goods:
TEMPORARY EXPORTATION / IMPORTATION PROCEDURE
Goods can be returned to Powersoft only after they have been
granted a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) number to be Thank you for your understanding and cooperation and continued
attached to the external packaging. Powersoft (or its Authorized support as we work to improve our partnership.
Service Center) has the right to refuse any returned good without
a RMA number. 18 Appendix

Repair or replacement:
18.1 Custom Ethernet/AES3 combo box
Powersoft reserves the right to repair or replace any defective
goods covered by product warranty at its sole discretion and as it
deems best. Cost and responsibility of transport: The purchaser It is possible to build a custom box to combine the Ethernet signal
(or end user/customer) is solely responsible for all transportation and AES3 signal/s in a single RJ45 connector. This makes it possible
costs and risks associated with sending warranty covered goods to avoid the using amplifiers in a network in forwarding mode. This
to Powersoft or its Authorized Service Center. Powersoft will increases system robustness, as an amplifier in forward mode can
assume full responsibility and cover all costs incurred to send the receive input only from the rear panel XLR; on the other hand, the
goods back to the purchaser (or end user/ customer). repeater mode allows the amplifier to reroute its incoming signal
automatically from either one of two master ports (see “Network
Operations” on page 29).
17 Assistance

Even though most product malfunctioning can be solved at your Following the AESOP standard RJ45 pin out illustrated in the
premises through Powersoft Customer Care or your direct “Ethernet Connection” on page 15, the following diagram
knowledge, occasionally, due the nature of the failure, it might be shows the pin-out of the adapter box.

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Please note that the maximum cable length from the AES3 source
that allows reliable connections is:
▶▶ 90m for Ethernet standard
250m for AES3 standard

single output RJ-45 connector

▶▶

on a Cat 5e/Cat 6 cable. If a mixed AES3/Ethernet standard is

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
used, the maximum cable length is the more restrictive of the two

APPENDIX FIGURE 1: Pin out diagram for female connectors in a custom Ethernet/AES3-A/B box
standards (90m).

18.2 Amplifier Error Codes

The error code value displayed in the main screen is the sum of
the single error code values. An “error” occurs when the following
voltage values or power conditions fall outside normal ranges.

Error Code Error Description

1 192 kHz clock not present
2 Positive 15V aux
4 Negative 15V aux
8 Positive 5V analog

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

connector
Ethernet
100 Negative power bus CH1

RJ-45
200 Negative power bus CH2
2000 Positive power bus CH1
4000 Positive power bus CH2
8000 External auxiliary voltage

1
Check rail fuses Check rail fuses CH1 and CH2

connector
AES3-B
For example:

XLR
3
4301=4000+200+100+1 means there are 4 distinct errors

2
▶▶ Positive power bus CH2

1
▶▶ Negative power bus CH2

connector
AES3-A
▶▶ Negative power bus CH1

XLR
▶▶ 192KHz clock not present 2

18.3 SmartCard function

A maximum of 150 presets can be easily stored in a standard-
sized SmartCard. Please note that SmartCards for K Series
presets must be initialized by Powersoft. In order to access the
SmartCard menu, simply insert the card in the amplifier as shown
in APPENDIX FIGURE 2.

contacts on the
side facing down
APPENDIX FIGURE 2: How to insert the SmartCard in the amplifier’s
front slot

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The main SmartCard menu will allow the user to save or recall of connectivity. Please bear in mind that Ethernet is a faster
presets stored on the card. Please see “12 Local presets” on page communications protocol than serial RS-485. Systems employing
38 for instructions on how to store and load presets in K series both categories of amplifiers may use both methods simultaneously:
amplifiers. an Ethernet network being implemented for some amplifiers, and
RS-485 for the others. The range of network topologies which
can be used in wiring a real system varies between the two
communications methods. Ethernet provides a slightly greater
degree of freedom, as standard IT network switches may be used
Recall local preset to create multiple hub-and-spoke systems as well as a single hub-
Save local preset and-spoke and linear daisy-chaining. A looped Ethernet topology
is also permissible, which will provide redundancy in the event of
back ok a network failure. An amplifier system using an RS-485 network
can either be daisy-chained throughout or use the Powersoft
PowerHub as a local switch.
Armonía is free. It can be downloaded after signing up for our user
forum: see the “Armonía Support Forum” section at
APPENDIX FIGURE 3: The main SmartCard menu is visible when the
www.powersoft-audio.com
card is inserted in the amplifier’s frontal slot
Please note: if the inserted card is blank, the “Recall local preset”
option will not be displayed in the main SmartCard menu.
18.4.2 Third Party Controls

18.4 Control Software The K Series provides plug-ins for different third party controls,
developed for Powersoft by independent consultants specialized
in systems integration designs. These plug-ins provide integrated
18.4.1 Powersoft’s Armonía Pro Audio Suite
monitoring and control of K Series amplifiers, leading to the
Armonía is Powersoft’s application software specifically designed possibilities of setting up complex integrated systems. These plug-
to be used with K Series amplifiers. Communication between ins can be downloaded from www.powersoft-audio.com at our
the software and the amplifier is established via an RS-485 or “Software/Third Party Plug-Ins” section.
Ethernet connection, depending on the available ports.

Armonía provides control and monitoring of a wide range of

amplifier functions, such as attenuation, mute, internal temperature
and voltage rail monitoring. Amplifiers in the K Series may also be
fitted with the optional Powersoft DSP card allowing Armonía
to control a greater range of features, including input and output
equalization, alignment delays, FIR filters and load impedance
monitoring.
Armonía is scalable: it allows control of a single Powersoft amplifier
or a very large system containing many amplifiers. For large fixed
or touring installations, Armonía gives the operator the ability
to monitor and control all amplifiers in the system from a single
location, regardless of the amplifiers’ positions.
This software has been designed to accept software plug-ins
to enable third-party product control. Further information is
available on the website (www.armoniasuite.com) as plug-ins
become available.
Powersoft amplifiers can connect to a PC running Armonía in
two ways: with an RS-485 serial connection or via Ethernet. K
Series amplifiers can be equipped with either or both methods

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19 Technical Specifications

FIGURE 83: Output stage block diagram for all K Series amplifiers

FIGURE 84: Power supply block diagram for all K Series amplifiers

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16 mm 6 mm
/ 0.6 in / 0.2 in
(K2/K3: 338 mm / 13.3 in)

(K2/K3: 348 mm / 13.7 in)

(K2/K3: 380 mm / 15 in)

466 mm / 18.3 in

497 mm / 19.6 in
456 mm / 18 in

25 mm / 1 in
440 mm / 17.3 in

44.5 mm / 1.7 in
465 mm / 18.3 in

8 mm / 0.3 in 6.25 mm / 0.2 in

32 mm / 1.26 in

483 mm / 19 in

FIGURE 85: K Series dimensions

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K Series User Guide

19.1 K2

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
2,400 W 1,950 W 1,000 W 4,800 W 3,900 W
Max output voltage / current 140 Vpeak / 102 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 75 W 1.3 A 64 W 1.12 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 609 W 3.1 A 609 W 6.3 A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,219 W 5.7 A 1,219 W 11.4 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 382 BTU/h 96 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 722 BTU/h 182 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,062 BTU/h 268 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 4.48 V 3.17 V 2.47 V 1.59 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >106dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 70dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.2% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP (optional)
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR up
to 384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters per channel
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu; mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Easy accessible dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® XLR female; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Audio signal output connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® XLR male
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port RS485 1 x RJ45 with 2 recessed rotary encoders for ID selection
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains IEC20A with IEC20A Schuko for EU, IEC20A/American 15 A pin plug
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 380 mm / 15”
Chassis 1 mm / 0.04” steel chassis and removable dust cover ; 3 mm / 0.12” steel front panel, screw hole protection, side
reinforcement & rear support
Weight 8 kg (17.7 lb)

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K Series User Guide

19.2 K2 DSP+AESOP

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
2,400 W 1,950 W 1,000 W 4,800 W 3,900 W
Max output voltage / current 140 Vpeak / 102 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 88 W 1.35 A 69 W 1.2 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 609 W 3.1 A 609 W 6.3 A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,219 W 5.7 A 1,219 W 11.4 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 382 BTU/h 96 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 722 BTU/h 182 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,062 BTU/h 268 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 4.48 V 3.17 V 2.47 V 1.59 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >106dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 70dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.2% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR up
to 384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters per channel
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu; mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Easily accessible dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® XLR female; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Audio signal output connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® XLR male
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port Ethernet 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains IEC20A with IEC20A Schuko for EU, IEC20A/American 15 A pin plug
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 380 mm / 15”
Chassis 1 mm / 0.04” steel chassis and removable dust cover ; 3 mm / 0.12” steel front panel, screw hole protection, side
reinforcement & rear support
Weight 8 kg (17.7 lb)

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K Series User Guide

19.3 K3

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
2,800 W 2,600 W 1,400 W 5,600 W 5,200 W
Max output voltage / current 165 Vpeak / 102 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 75 W 1.3 A 64 W 1.12 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 813 W 4A 813 W 8A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,625 W 7.4 A 1,625 W 14.8 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 382 BTU/h 96 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 836 BTU/h 211 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,390 BTU/h 326 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 5.30 V 3.75 V 2.66 V 1.88 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >106dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 70dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.3% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP (optional)
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR up
to 384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters per channel
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu; mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Easily accessible dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® XLR female; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Audio signal output connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® XLR male
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port RS485 1 x RJ45 with 2 recessed rotary encoders for ID selection
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains IEC20A with IEC20A Schuko for EU, IEC20A/American 15 A pin plug
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 380 mm / 15”
Chassis 1 mm / 0.04” steel chassis and removable dust cover ; 3 mm / 0.12” steel front panel, screw hole protection, side
reinforcement & rear support
Weight 8 kg (17.7 lb)

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K Series User Guide

19.4 K3 DSP+AESOP

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
2,800 W 2,600 W 1,400 W 5,600 W 5,200 W
Max output voltage / current 165 Vpeak / 102 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 88 W 1.35 A 69 W 1.2 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 813 W 4A 813 W 8A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,625 W 7.4 A 1,625 W 14.8 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 382 BTU/h 96 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 836 BTU/h 211 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,390 BTU/h 326 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 5.30 V 3.75 V 2.66 V 1.88 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >106dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 70dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.3% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR up
to 384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters total
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu; mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® XLR female; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Audio signal output connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® XLR male
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port Ethernet 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains EC20A with IEC20A Schuko for EU, IEC20A/American 15A pin plug
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 380 mm / 15”
Chassis 1 mm / 0.04” steel chassis and removable dust cover ; 3 mm / 0.12” steel front panel, screw hole protection, side
reinforcement & rear support
Weight 8 kg (17.7 lb)

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K Series User Guide

19.5 K6

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
3,600 W 2,500 W 1,300 W 7,200 W 5,000 W
Max output voltage / current 153 Vpeak / 125 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 84 W 1.03 A 91 W 1.11 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 781 W 4.1 A 781 W 8.2 A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,563 W 7.4 A 1,563 W 14.8 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 546 BTU/h 138 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 982 BTU/h 248 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,419 BTU/h 358 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 5.11 V 3.62 V 2.56 V 1.81 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >110dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 66dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.5% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP (optional)
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR up
to 384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters per channel
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu
Power switch Mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Easily accessible dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® Combo XLR female/1/4” jack; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port RS485 1 x RJ45 with 2 recessed rotary encoders for ID selection
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains AMP CPC 45A on rear panel; AMP CPC 45A connector mounted on a 3 x 5mm2 (10AWG) cable
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 475 mm / 18.7”
Chassis 1 mm / 0.04” steel chassis and removable dust cover ; 3 mm / 0.12” steel front panel, screw hole protection, side
reinforcement & rear support
Weight 12 kg (26.5 lb)

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K Series User Guide

19.6 K6 DSP+AESOP

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
3,600 W 2,500 W 1,300 W 7,200 W 5,000 W
Max output voltage / current 153 Vpeak / 125 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 84 W 1.17 A 91 W 1.3 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 781 W 4.1 A 781 W 8.2 A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,563 W 7.4 A 1,563 W 14.8 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 546 BTU/h 138 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 982 BTU/h 248 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,419 BTU/h 358 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 5.11 V 3.62 V 2.56 V 1.81 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >110dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 66dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.5% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR up
to 384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters per channel
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu
Power switch Mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Easily accessible dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® Combo XLR female/1/4” jack; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port Ethernet 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains AMP CPC 45A on rear panel; AMP CPC 45A connector mounted on a 3 x 5mm2 (10AWG) cable
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 475 mm / 18.7”
Chassis 1 mm / 0.04” steel chassis and removable dust cover ; 3 mm / 0.12” steel front panel, screw hole protection, side
reinforcement & rear support
Weight 12 kg (26.5 lb)

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K Series User Guide

19.7 K8

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
4,800 W 3,000 W 1,500 W 9,600 W 6,000 W
Max output voltage / current 169 Vpeak / 125 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 84 W 1.03 A 91 W 1.11 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 938 W 4.8 A 938 W 9.5A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,875 W 8.7 A 1,875 W 17.4 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 546 BTU/h 138 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,069 BTU/h 270 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,593 BTU/h 402 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 5.50 V 3.90 V 2.75 V 1.95 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >110dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 66dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.5% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP (optional)
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR up to
384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters per channel
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu
Power switch Mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Easily accessible dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® Combo XLR female/1/4” jack; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port RS485 1 x RJ45 with 2 recessed rotary encoders for ID selection
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains AMP CPC 45A on rear panel; AMP CPC 45A connector mounted on a 3 x 5mm2 (10AWG) cable
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 475 mm / 18.7”

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K Series User Guide

19.8 K8 DSP+AESOP

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
4,800 W 3,000 W 1,500 W 9,600 W 6,000 W
Max output voltage / current 169 Vpeak / 125 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 84 W 1.17 A 91 W 1.3 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 938 W 4.8 A 938 W 9.5A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,875 W 8.7 A 1,875W 17.4 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 546 BTU/h 138 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,069 BTU/h 270 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,593 BTU/h 402 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 5.50 V 3.90 V 2.75 V 1.95 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >110dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 66dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.5% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR up
to 384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters per channel
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu
Power switch Mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Easily accessible dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® Combo XLR female/1/4” jack; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port Ethernet 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains AMP CPC 45A on rear panel; AMP CPC 45A connector mounted on a 3 x 5mm2 (10AWG) cable
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 475 mm / 18.7”
Chassis 1 mm / 0.04” steel chassis and removable dust cover ; 3 mm / 0.12” steel front panel, screw hole protection, side
reinforcement & rear support
Weight 12 kg (26.5 lb)

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K Series User Guide

19.9 K10

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
6,000 W 4,000 W 2,000 W 12,000 W 8,000 W
Max output voltage / current 200 Vpeak / 125 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 84 W 1.03 A 91 W 1.11 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,250 W 6.1 A 1,250 W 12.2 A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 2,500 W 11.3 A 2,500 W 22.6 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 546 BTU/h 138 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,244 BTU/h 314 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,943 BTU/h 491 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 6.34 V 4.49 V 3.18 V 2.25 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >110dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 66dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.5% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP (optional)
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR up
to 384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters per channel
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu
Power switch Mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Easily accessible dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® Combo XLR female/1/4” jack; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port RS485 1 x RJ45 with 2 recessed rotary encoders for ID selection
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains AMP CPC 45A on rear panel; AMP CPC 45A connector mounted on a 3 x 5mm2 (10AWG) cable
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 475 mm / 18.7”
Chassis 1 mm / 0.04” steel chassis and removable dust cover ; 3 mm / 0.12” steel front panel, screw hole protection, side
reinforcement & rear support
Weight 12 kg (26.5 lb)

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K Series User Guide

19.10 K10 DSP+AESOP

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
6,000 W 4,000 W 2,000 W 12,000 W 8,000 W
Max output voltage / current 200 Vpeak / 125 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 84 W 1.17 A 91 W 1.3 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,250 W 6.1 A 1,250 W 12.2 A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 2,500 W 11.3 A 2,500 W 22.6 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 546 BTU/h 138 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,244 BTU/h 314 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,943 BTU/h 491 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 6.34 V 4.49 V 3.18 V 2.25 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >110dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 66dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.5% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR up
to 384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters per channel
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu
Power switch Mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Easily accessible dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® Combo XLR female/1/4” jack; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port Ethernet 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains AMP CPC 45A on rear panel; AMP CPC 45A connector mounted on a 3 x 5mm2 (10AWG) cable
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 475 mm / 18.7”
Chassis 1 mm / 0.04” steel chassis and removable dust cover ; 3 mm / 0.12” steel front panel, screw hole protection, side
reinforcement & rear support
Weight 12 kg (26.5 lb)

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K Series User Guide

19.11 K20

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
9,000 W 5,200 W 2,700 W 18,000 W 10,400 W
Max output voltage / current 225 Vpeak / 125 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 88 W 1.17 A 90 W 1.15 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,625 W 7.9 A 1,625 W 15.8 A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 3,250 W 14.7 A 3,250 W 29.3 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 682 BTU/h 172 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,590 BTU/h 402 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 2,498 BTU/h 631 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 7.37 V 5.22 V 3.68 V 2.62 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >110dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 66dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.5% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP (optional)
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR
up to 384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters per channel
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu
Power switch Mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Easily accessible dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® Combo XLR female/1/4” jack; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port RS485 1 x RJ45 with 2 recessed rotary encoders for ID selection
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains AMP CPC 45A on rear panel; AMP CPC 45A connector mounted on a 3 x 5mm2 (10AWG) cable
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 475 mm / 18.7”
Chassis 1 mm / 0.04” steel chassis and removable dust cover ; 3 mm / 0.12” steel front panel, screw hole protection, side
reinforcement & rear support
Weight 12 kg (26.5 lb)

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K Series User Guide

19.12 K20 DSP+AESOP

Specifications
General
Number of channels 2
Output power stereo mode mono-bridged mode
EIAJ Test Standard, 1 kHz, 1% THD 2 Ω/ch 4 Ω/ch 8 Ω/ch 4Ω 8Ω
9,000 W 5,200 W 2,700 W 18,000 W 10,400 W
Max output voltage / current 225 Vpeak / 125 A peak
AC Mains Power
Power supply Universal, regulated switch mode with PFC (Power Factor Correction)
Operating voltage 100-240 V ±10%, 50/60 Hz
Power factor cos (φ) >0.95 @ >500 W
Consumption / current draw @ 230 V @ 115 V
Idle 90 W 1.31 A 92 W 1.34 A
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,625 W 7.9 A 1,625 W 15.8 A
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 3,250 W 14.7 A 3,250 W 29.3 A
Thermal
Environmental operating temperature 0° - 45° C / 32° - 113° F
Thermal dissipation Fan, continuously variable speed, temperature controlled, front to rear airflow
Idle 682 BTU/h 172 kcal/h
I/8 of max output power @ 4 Ω 1,590 BTU/h 402 kcal/h
I/4 of max output power @ 4 Ω 2,498 BTU/h 631 kcal/h
Audio
Gain, selectable 26dB 29dB 32dB 35dB
Input Sensitivity @ 8 Ω 7.37 V 5.22 V 3.68 V 2.62 V
Max input level 27dBu 24dBu 21dBu 18dBu
Gate -52dBu -55dBu -58dBu -61dBu
Frequency response 20 Hz - 20 kHz (1W @ 8 Ω, ±0.5dB)
S/N ratio (amplifier section) >110dBA (20 Hz - 20 kHz, A weighted)
Crosstalk separation > 66dB @ 1 kHz
Input Impedance 10 k Ω balanced
THD+N/SMPTE IMD/DIM 100 IMD <0.5% from 1W to full power (typically <0.05%)
Slew rate 50 V/µs @ 8 Ω, input filter bypassed
Damping factor @ 8 Ω >5000 @ 20-200 Hz
DSP
A/D converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 127dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.005% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
D/A converter Dual 24bit 96 kHz Tandem® architecture with 122dBA of dynamic range and THD <0.003% (20 Hz - 20 kHz)
Memory 8 MB (RAM) plus 2 MB (flash for presets)
Presets 50 stored locally + 150 stored on a smartcard
Digital audio input AES3 (glitchless fallback to analog audio selectable)
Delay for time alignment up to 4 s on the input section, up to 32 ms per output, sample-by-sample stepping
Crossover filters Butterworth, Linkwitz-Riley, Bessel, Arbitrary Asymmetric, 6dB/oct to 48dB/oct (IIR), linear phase (FIR), hybrid (FIR+IIR)
Output equalizer 16 fully parametric filters per channel, IIR: peaking, hi/lo shelving, hi/lo pass eq, band pass, band stop, all pass. Custom FIR up
to 384 taps @ 48 or 96 kHz
Input equalizer Three layers (PEQ, raised cosine, shelving), 32 filters each + group filters, up to 256 filters per channel
Cable compensation network up to 2 Ω negative/positive wire compensation (Active DampingControl TM)
Limiters Power limiter (TruePower™, RMS voltage, RMS current) + Peak Limiter
Front Panel
Indicators 7 meter LEDs: 5 x green, 1 x yellow, 1 x red, top yellow and red show alarm with protect description on LCD panel
Controls 4 pushbuttons, function depending on user menu
Power switch Mains switch
Network data port AESOP incl. AES3 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Maintenance SmartCard reader/writer for firmware updates and preset storage. Easily accessible dust filter foam behind two steel covers
Rear Panel
Audio signal input connectors Analog: 2 x balanced Neutrik® Combo XLR female/1/4” jack; AES3: use channel 2 XLR
Loudspeaker output connectors 2 x Neutrik® Speakon NL4MD
Network data port Ethernet 2 x RJ45 with activity LEDs
Aux voltage 1 x 2-pin Phoenix P. 3.81mm
AC mains AMP CPC 45A on rear panel; AMP CPC 45A connector mounted on a 3 x 5mm2 (10AWG) cable
Controls 1 x link switch, linking analog inputs 1 and 2; AES3/analog input switch
Construction
Dimensions W 483 mm / 19”, H 44.5 mm / 1 RU, D 475 mm / 18.7”
Chassis 1 mm / 0.04” steel chassis and removable dust cover ; 3 mm / 0.12” steel front panel, screw hole protection, side
reinforcement & rear support
Weight 12 kg (26.5 lb)

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Downloaded from www.Manualslib.com manuals search engine