UNIT- V

APPLICATION ESSENTIALS

Creation of simple interactive applications – Simple database applications – Multimedia

applications – Design and development of information systems – Personal Information System –
Information retrieval system – Social networking applications

I. CREATION OF SIMPLE INTERACTIVE APPLICATION:

Definition of Interactive Application:

An interactive application is a collection of objects intended for performing certain task when user
triggers the command. The non-interactive applications operate without human involvement. For
example- Compiler and batch processing applications are non-interactive applications. The
compiler is a program that converts the high level programs in the machine language. Similarly the
batch processing is the execution of a series of jobs in a program on a computer without manual
intervention.
The interactive application share a Graphical user interface (GUI). The interactive application
consists of forms on which the components such as buttons, text fields, and radio buttons are
present.
In the interactive applications one page may get linked with other pages dynamically. Especially in
case of interactive web application this linking of the pages is through hyperlinks. This linking is
based on user input. Typical examples of interactive web applications are online course registration
system, online shopping system and so on.

Advantages of Creating Interactive Applications:

It increases the engagement of users in the collaborative productions. Instead of spending lot of
time on one way presentation being shared across a PowerPoint presentation, an interactive
application allows the user to engage with the information used. Files can be easily shared
accessed, edited and saved. The interactive applications boost the communication. The information
can be shared using email, print and files. The intention of the user to handle that application can
be identified by the interactive session he makes with the application. This helps in boosting the
communication.
The documents can be annotated effective changes can be made while handling the interactive
application. The tools such as 3D modeling, hyperlinks, video links and other applications can be
embedded within an interactive application.
The interconnectivity among the interactive applications allows the greater availability. Users can
connect to interactive applications using iOS and Android smart devices. The information can be
made available to the fingertips by using touch screen technologies. This helps a novice or illiterate
user to handle that application with ease and comfort.

User’s Perspective about the Interactive Applications:

The users use the interactive application for getting required information. The users always want
that the desired information must be neatly arranged on the application. There are two kinds of
browsing the information – known item searching and casual browsing. Known item Searching -
The known item searching is done by the users who know what they are looking for . They know
what is the particular label, how to proceed for getting particular information and from where to
leave. They just quickly find the required information and leave. Casual Browsing type of users
does not know what they are looking for. Sometimes they do not know anything about the product
or the services on the corresponding website.
Producer’s Perspective about the interactive Application:
Cost is a major issue while building the information architecture from producer’s perspective. One
cannot predict the exact cost of the information architect. However, depending upon the goals and
nature of the application. While building the interactive application architecture by using
producer’s perspective:
1. The organizational goals and vision must be clear to information architect.
2. The decision of the contents to be placed on the main page should be taken prior to
implementation of the architecture.
3. The information architecture must be kept away from organizational politics.
4. The site should be designed so that the intended audience will get the satisfaction of using it.
5. All the controversial issues must be resolved during the design process, before the application
gets built.

Steps for creating Simple Interactive Web Applications

1. Understanding Data Items and the Data dictionary:

Data item identifies the unit of information. It defines how the item can be used. A data dictionary
is a collection of descriptions of data objects or items in a data model. The data dictionary is
dynamic; any changes in the data item are effective immediately for all applications that include
the data item. Applications access the data dictionary at runtime and immediately reflect
modifications to data item. The data dictionary is created for modeling the data items in the
interactive applications.

2. Understanding the Table Design:

A relational database table stores the data that an application uses in columns and rows. Each
column is a data item, and each row is a record. One or more tables can be used in an application.
To create a table, the required data items are selected. These data items must already exist in the
data dictionary. Then assign the key fields as indices for retrieving and updating the data belonging
to the tables. Various operations that can be performed on this database table’s are- create, insert
record and delete particular record, and update some record.

3. Understanding Business View Design:

A business view is a selection of data items from one or more tables. After you create a table, use
Business View Design to choose only the data items that are required for your application. Use
appropriate SQL statements to retrieve data from any of the supported database.

4. Understanding Form Design:

Form design is an important part of the interactive application. Applications are composed of forms
and a form is the interface between a user and a table. This interface should present the data
logically and contain the functions that are necessary to enter and manipulate data. The form design
task can be accomplished by placing various components such as text boxes, Labels, Buttons,
Check Buttons and so on the form at appropriate locations.

5. Understanding Report Design:

Report Design is used to present the business data stored in the database. Report is basically some
kind of template. The data is typically presented using batch applications that access the data
through business views. Each report is comprised of sections which are the building blocks of all
reports. Within the template, you can add, hide, remove and rearrange sections as needed. One can
create variations of reports in the interactive applications.

6. Understanding Data Structure Design:

Data structure is a key element of any programming language or environment. A data structure is a
list of parameters that passes data among applications and tables or forms.
7. Understanding Event Rules Design:
Events are the activities that occur on the form of an interactive application. Event can be initiated
by user or an application. The event rules can be created for following purposes.
1. Perform mathematical calculation.
2. Pass data from one field in the form to another field in another form.
3. Interconnect two forms.
4. Hide and display the controls using system functions.
5. Assign the value or an expression to particular field.
6. Creation of variables or programmer defined field at run time.
7. Process table input and output, validate data and retrieve record.
The areas at which the event rules are applicable are:
1. Controls: Controls are reusable components that can be placed on the form. For eg: Radio
buttons, text boxes and so on. The event can be triggered from these controls.
2. Form Processing: Form processing means application of business logic associated with each
form. Form Processing depends on the occurrence of specific events.
3. Table: You can create database triggers, or rules that you attach to a table by using Table Design
Event Rules. The logic that is attached to a table is run whenever any application initiates that
database event.

8. Understanding system Functions:

System Functions are procedures provided by the tool and are usually specific to the type of
component being used. For example there are system functions to hide and show fields on an
application.

II. SIMPLE DATABASE APPLICATIONS:

Definition: Database is an organized collection of data. A database management system
(DBMS) is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other applications and the
database itself to capture and analyze data.
Examples: MS-Access, Oracle, MySQL
Characteristics of Database Applications
1. Consistency: DBMS provide greater consistency to the forms of data storage.
2. Support for Query Language – To retrieve and manipulate the data efficiently
3. Multiuser Environment: Simultaneous access of the database without creating conflicts.
4. Less Data Redundancy:
5. Relationship among Data
6. Security

Advantages of DBMS
1. Reduced Data redundancy – The database approach removes the redundancy by integrating the
files. But this approach cannot eliminate redundancy completely but can control the data
redundancy.
2. Data consistency - In this approach all copies of data are kept consistent.
3. Sharing of data - The centralized stored database can be accessed by multiple users or
application programs.
4. Centralized database- Data is stored in a single repository and an authorized access to this data
is allowed. Only the administrator can give appropriate access rights to the authentic users.
5. Data Integrity – This provides validity and consistency of stored data.
6. Improved Security – The database approach prevents unauthorized access to data by means of
user name, password, and access rights.
7. Use of Standards - Certain standards can be enforced to database approach for data formats,
naming conventions, documentation standards, access rules and so on.
8. Backup and Recovery - The Backup and Recovery – The backup and recovery actions can be
taken in its current consistent state from inconsistent state
9. Increased productivity - The database approach allows programmer to concentrate on specific
functionality required by the user.
10. Increased Concurrency- The database approach handles the concurrent data effectively. The
loss of information or integrity is avoided in this approach.
11. Improved Maintenance

Disadvantages of DBMS:
 Complexity – Difficult to implement
 Size - Large storage space
 Cost - The multiuser database management system is very expensive.
Data Models
They describe the logical structure of a database, relationship between the database stored in
database and various constraints on data.
Importance of Data Model
1. End users have different view for data.
2. Data model organizes data for different users.
Types of Data Model:
1. Hierarchical Model:
In this model, each entity has only one parent but can have several children. At the top of the
hierarchy there is only one node called root.
This model represents the relationship in 1:N types.

i.e One university can have multiple courses. One course can have multiple projects and so on.
Advantages:
This model groups the data into tables and defines the relationship between the tables.
Disadvantages
 For searching any data, we have to start from the root and move downwards and visit each
child node. Thus traversing through each node is required.
 For addition of some information about child node, sometimes the parent information needs
to be modified.
 It fails to handle many to many relationships. It causes duplication and data redundancy.
2. Network Model:
This is enhanced version of hierarchical model. It addresses the M:N relationship . i.e No single
parent concept. So, any child in this model can have any number of parents.
Advantages:
 Capability to handle more relationships: Since the network model allows many to many
relationship, it helps in modeling real life situations.
 Ease of data access
 Data Integrity
Disadvantages:
 Complex to implement
 Complicated Operations
 Difficult to change structure
3. Relational Model:
In a relational model, the data is stored in the form of tables. The database systems based on it are
called relational database systems. These tables are related to each other.

Advantages:
 The database design is simple to implement and manage.
 In this model, the table is an entity which is primarily used. Hence insertion, deletion and
retrieval of data becomes easy.
 The data can be easily linked with other table, using the table attributes.
 It facilitates the support for SQL languages.
 It ensures the structural independence.
Disadvantages:
 It has substantial hardware and software overhead.
 It can facilitate to poor design and implementation.
 It cannot handle the data in the form of images, audio or video.

4. E-R Model:
This model is basically used to design the relational database systems; the primary purpose of
E-R Model is to show the relationship between various data objects. The object relationship pair
can be graphically represented by a diagram called Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD).
Components of ERD:
Entity:
An entity is an object that exists and is distinguishable. It is similar to a record in a programming
language with attributes and entities are represented by rectangle.

Relationship:
An association among several entities. It is represented in diamond. Relationship may have
attributes and have cardinality (e.g. One-to-many).
Attribute:
It is drawn in ellipses. It is similar to record fields in a programming language. Each attribute has a
set of permitted values called domain.
Notations used in ER Diagram:
Entity: It is an object and distinguishable it is similar to record.
Weak Entity: When this entity is dependent upon some another entity then it is called weak entity.
Attribute: The attributes are properties or characteristics of an entity.
Derived attribute:
It is a kind of attribute which is based on another attribute.
Key attributes:
A key attribute is an unique attribute representing distinguishing characteristics of entity. Typically
primary key of record is a key attribute.
Multivalued attribute: A multivalued attribute have more than one value.
Relationship:
When two entities share some information then it is denoted by relationship.
Example: Draw an ER diagram for the relationship of teacher, and courses. Also specify the
association, cardinality and modality.

Association:
In the above ER diagram, a relationship conducts is introduced. “Teacher” is associated with
“Course” by conducting it.
Cardinality:
Many Teachers can conduct the single course.
Modality:
For conduction of a course, there must be a Teacher. There may be a situation that a Teacher is not
conducting any course.
Advantages:
 Simple to design.
 Visual Representation.
 Easy Conversion to tables.
Disadvantages:
 Limited Specification.
 High level design.
 No industry standard.

Architecture of Database Systems:

The database system architecture represents the structure and layout of the data stored in it. The
architecture of database system can be from single tier to multitier. The multi-tiered system divides
the whole system into multiple modules. Each of these individual modules can be independently
altered or modified.
Database Tier:
This is the layer at which the actual database resides. In this layer, all the tables, their mappings and
the actual data present. When you save you details from the front end, it will be inserted into the
respective tables in the database layer, by using the programs in the application layer. When the
user wants to retrieve the data from this database, the database layer fires the queries to get the data
from the tables present in the database.
Application Tier:
This layer sends the requests made by the users of presentation tier to the database tier and returns
the response from database tier to presentation tier. The layer has all the business logics like
validation, calculations and manipulations of data. If this layer sees that the request is invalid, it
sends back the message to presentation layer. Hence, the application layer sits in the middle and
acts as the mediator between the users and the database.
Presentation Tier:
This layer is made up of the users who use the database. These users have no knowledge of
underlying database. At this layer multiple views of the database are provided.

Data Independence:

Definition: Data independence is an ability by which one can change the data at one level without
affecting the data at another level. Here level can be physical, conceptual or external. Data
independence is one of the most important characteristics of database management system.
By this property, the structure of the database can be easily modified by without changing the
application programs. There are two types of independence:
1. Physical Independence:
This is the kind of data independence which allows the modification of physical schema without
requiring any change to the conceptual schema. For example – if there is any change in memory
size of database server then it will not affect the logical structure of any data object.
2. Logical Independence:
This kind of data independence which allows the modification of conceptual schema without
requiring any change to the external schema. For example – Any change in the table structure such
as addition or deletion of some columns does not affect user views.
By these data independence the time and cost acquired by changes in any level can be reduced and
abstract view of data can be provided to the user.
Data Dictionary:
Concept: Data dictionary contains information about database itself. The data dictionary thus
contains the metadata i.e. data about data. Following types of information is stored in data
dictionary.
 Definition of database objects such as tables, views, constraints, clusters, procedures,
functions, triggers
 Column name
 Data type information
 Amount of space required to store the data object
 Default field values
 Access rights
 Database usernames – Schema information
 Last updated or accessed information
All this information can be stored in tables , XML files or in spreadsheet.The data dictionary is
updated automatically by the database systems when user issues the corresponding queries.
Keys used in Database Applications
Keys are important in relational database in order to establish the relationship between the tables.
The keys are also used to access the records in the database table. Following are the various keys
that are used in database system.

1. Primary Key:
This is the most important key in database which uniquely identifies the record. It can be a single
attribute or combination of attributes. The database designer has to specially assign one of the
candidate keys as primary key so that the record can be uniquely identified with the help of it. For
example – Stud_RollNo is a primary key from the student database.
Stud_RollNo FirstName LastName Address CourseId
1001 AAA BBB Mumbai C101
1002 XXX YYY Pune M201
1003 PPP QQQ Bhopal E303

2. Candidate Key:
A candidate key is a single field or the least combination of fields that uniquely identifies each
record in the table. But the individual attribute cannot identify the record uniquely. For example –
FirstName, LastName, Address in combination can uniquely identify the record, but individually
FirstName, LastName or Address cannot uniquely identify the record.
Stud_RollNo FirstName LastName Address CourseId
1001 AAA BBB Mumbai C101
1002 XXX YYY Pune M201
1003 PPP QQQ Bhopal E303

3. Foreign Key:
A Foreign Key is generally a primary key for one table that appears as a field in another where the
first table has relationship to the second. For example: consider the following student table in
which CourseID is a foreign key.
Stud_RollNo FirstName LastName Address CourseId
1001 AAA BBB Mumbai C101
1002 XXX YYY Pune M201
1003 PPP QQQ Bhopal E303

CourseId Name
C101 Computer Engineering
M201 Mechanical Engineering
E303 Environmental Engineering
V505 Civil Engineering

4. Composite Key:
The key that consists of two or more attributes that uniquely identifies an entity occurrence is
called Composite key. For example to identify the Student taking particular course we can uniquely
identify such type of record by combining two or more columns from the same table. Hence,
Stud_RollNo and CourseId together form a composite key.
Stud_RollNo CourseId
1001 C101
1002 M201
1003 E303

III.MULTIMEDIA APPLICATIONS:
The word multimedia means more than one media for conveying information. The multimedia can
be defined as:
Definition: Computer- based techniques of text, images, audio, video, graphics, animation , and
any other medium where every type of information can be represented, processed, stored,
transmitted, produced and presented digitally.
Examples:
Some of the important programs are listed below in some categories. They are:
 Maya, Flash, Blender, comes mainly under graphics category.
 Interactivity category basically includes MySQL, AJAX, Flash and Flex and PHP.
 Audio category is of sound slides, Pro-tools, Adobe Auditions and more.
 Similarly programs in video category are Canopus Edius, i Movie, Flash Video Encoder,
Final Cut Pro.
 Text programs are like Word press, InDesign, and Dream Weaver.
Components of Multimedia:
1. Text can be added for giving emphasis.
2. Graphics are added for visual impact. A picture is worth a thousand words. Graphics
enhance presentation.
3. Voice or audio enhance presentation by adding persuasion.
4. The animation is for attracting attention. A chart can be focused more quickly by adding
animation to it.
5. Video is multimedia can be used for providing clear instructions.
Uses of Multimedia:
1. Education:
Multimedia is extensively used in the fields of education and training. Even in conventional
method we use audio visual for imparting education, where charts, model etc. were used. Now a
days the classroom need is not limited to that conventional method rather it needs audio and visual
media. The multimedia integrates all of them in one system. For the use of multimedia as an
education aid the PC contains a high quality display. The software package named computer aided
instruction is available that provides a friendly interactive method of learning.
2. Training:
There are various systems and intelligent tutoring systems available to train the students in many
areas starting from the mathematics of a primary student to a difficult surgical process for a
medical student.
3. Business:
The business application of multimedia includes, product demos, instant messaging. One of the
excellent applications is voice and live conferencing. A multimedia can make audience come live.
It is widely used in programs. The quality og business communication can be enhanced by
multimedia. Product promotion, customer information, communication to employee can be done by
multimedia.
4. Games and Entertainment:
Real life games can be created by multimedia. Developers use sound, animation, graphics of
multimedia to create games. Flight simulator creates real life imaging.

IV. INFORMATION SYSTEM

Definition: An Information System (IS) is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate,
store and disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an
objective.
Examples:
 1. Supply Chain Management: This system is for managing the flow of goods and
services that involves the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-progress
inventory and finished goods.
 2. Customer Relationship Management: Manages communication and marketing
initiatives directed at customers.
 3. Geographic Positioning System (GPS): it provides driving directions and desired
locations.
 4. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): It is an information system used to integrate the
management of all internal and external information across an entire organization.
The parts of information system are:
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Output
4. Feedback
1. Input:
Input is an activity of gathering and capturing raw data. For example- in online student information
system, instructor has to submit the detailed information students the summary of students
information can be compiled.

2. Processing:
Processing means converting or transforming data into useful output.
Processing can involve making calculations, comparing data and taking alternatives actions, and
storing data for future use. For example – in tax management system – the tax needs to be
calculated from using the data such as gross salary, insurances, other deductions and so on.
Processing data into useful information is critical in business settings. Processing can be done
manually or with computer assistance. After processing the data results are typically stored in
storage.
3. Output:
Output involves producing useful information in the form of documents or reports.
For example – in online banking system, the report is getting generated on the current transaction
and can be presented to the customer in the form of bank statement. This statement shows the
details of all the transactions and the current available balance in the account.
4. Feedback:
In information system, feedback is information from the system which is used to make changes to
input or processing activities. For example, errors or problems might make it necessary to correct
input data or change a process. Consider a payroll example. Perhaps the number of hours an
employee worked was entered as 400 instead of 40. Feedback is very important to managers or
decision makers in order to modify the system.
Characteristics of Information System:
 Accessibility : Information present in the information should be easily accessible by
authorized users.
 Accurate: The information must be accurate and error free.
 Complete: Information present in the information system must be complete so that it wil
satisfy all the queries of its users.
 Relevant: The relevant information is important for the decision maker.
 Reliable: This is very important characteristics of the information system. The reliable
information is trusted by its users. The reliability of information depends upon the sources
of data collection for the information systems.
 Secure: The information systems must be secure and prevent any unauthorized access to it.
 Simple: The information system must be very simple to handle and not very complex. It
should not present the information system with too many details whereby the decision
maker is unable to determine what is really important.
 Timely: The information in the information system must be delivered in timely manner
whenever it is required.
 Economical: Information must be economical to produce.
 Verifiable: The information must be verifiable, that means one can check it to make it sure
that information available in the information system is correct.

Components of Information Systems:

Hardware: Computer-based information systems use computer hardware, such as processors,
monitors, keyboard and printers.
Software: These are the programs used to organize process and analyze data.
Databases: Information system work with data, organized into tables and files.
Network: Different elements need to be connected to each other, especially if menu different
people in an organization use the same information system.
Procedures: These describe how specific data are processed and analyzed in order to get the
answers for which the information system is designed.

Types:

Various types of information systems are:

1. Transaction Processing System (TPS):

 The transaction processing system provides way to collect, process, store, display, modify
or cancel the transactions.
 This system allows multiple transactions to take place simultaneously.
 The data collected by this system is typically stored in databases which can be used to
produce reports such as billing, inventory summaries and manufacturing schedules.
Examples- payroll system, order processing system and stock control systems.

Properties of Transaction Data (ACID PROPERTIES)

 Atomicity: The transaction must occur completely or not executed at all.
Example: Withdrawal from one account and deposition in other account completes one
complete transaction.
 Consistency: The data written in the dB must be valid data. This validity must be based on
the constraints, triggers and other combinations.
 Isolation: If transaction is executed concurrently then it may come to some state. If
transaction is executed sequentially then it may come to some other state. The isolation
property ensures that these two states are equal.
 Durability: A transaction is said to be durable if it is committed and remains in the state
even is case of power failure or system crash. To satisfy this property the transaction must
be recorded in non- volatile memory.

2. Management Information System (MIS):

 A management information system is information system that uses data collected by
Transaction Processing System (TPS).
 This data is used for creating reports in such a way that managers can make use of it to
make important business decisions.
 Some reports are created to present the summary. These activities are performed to increase
the efficiency of managerial activity.
Examples-
 Sales management system
 Inventory control system
 Budgeting system
 Management reporting system
 Personnel system

3. Decision Support System (DSS):

 The decision support system helps make decision by working and analyzing data that can
generate statistical projections and data models.
 This system gives support rather than replacing a managers judgment while improving the
quality of a manager decision.
 The DSS helps solve problems while using external data.
Examples-
 Logistics systems
 Financial Planning systems
 Spreadsheet models

4. Executive Information Systems (EIS):

 It is strategic level of information system that is present at the top level of the pyramid.
 It helps executives and senior managers analyze the environment in which the organization
operates, to identify long-term trends, and to plan appropriate courses and action.
 EIS organizes and present data and information from both external data sources and internal
MIS or TPS in order to support and extend the inherent capabilities of senior executives.
 EIS emphasizes graphical displays and easy-to-use user interfaces.
 In recent years, the term EIS has lost popularity in favor of business intelligence.
Examples – Financial Analysis system

Design and Development of Information System

1. Feasibility study:
 The aim of a feasibility study is to see whether it is possible to develop a system at a
reasonable cost. At the end of the feasibility study a decision is taken whether to proceed or
not.
 A feasibility study contains the general requirements of the proposed systems.It may be that
development of a new system is not needed instead an update of the existing is enough.

2. Requirement Analysis:
 This is very important part in the development of an Information System and involves
looking at an organization or system and finding out how information is being handled at
the moment.
 The stage where users and IT specialists work together to collect and comprehend the
business requirements. Based on requirements, both will work on the design and discuss the
tasks to be done.
 The requirement analysis document is prepared at the end of this stage.

3. Design:
 At, this stage the systems blueprint is created.
 The technical architecture is designed which includes telecommunications, hardware and
software suited for the system.
 The design process include: Outputs, Inputs, File Design, Hardware, Software
 The system design should be done for : user interface, data design, process design
4. Development and Testing:
 Any new system needs to be thoroughly tested before being introduced.
 During this stage the building of the technical architecture, database and programs are
executed.
 It is also the stage where the system is tested using the established test scripts and compare
the expected outcomes to actual outcomes.

5. Implementation:
 The stage where system is in place and is used by the actual workforce.
 User guide manual and training are provided to users.

6. Evaluation:
 During this stage system need to be evaluated for any bug from time to time.

7. Maintenance:
 This is the stage where system needs to be enhanced or strengthened in order to meet the
goals of the organization.

V.PERSONAL INFORMATION SYSTEM:

 Personal Information management is set of activities in which people perform in order to
acquire, organize, maintain, retrieve and use personal information such as documents, web
pages, email messages every day to accomplish the assigned tasks.
 Personal Information System (PIS) maintains the information about the employees in,
department like personal, promotional, postings, qualifications, awards, incentives, leave
etc. That assists an organization in many ways.
 There are various roles in the personal information system such as- employee, manager,
customer, student and so on.
 Conceptually PIS is a collection information and methods that help the people to maintain
the information of persons.
 This information system can be maintained offline. One can carry this information system
in pen drive.
Example -
 Address book system
 Personal Notes
 Email notification
 Reminders and Alert system
 Lists
 Personal File collection system(document, music, photos)
 Instant messaging systems
Need for Personal Information System:
 This system saves times and efforts in locating the information.
 Information system is used for east retrieval of information.
 The information system organizes the entire information systematically.
 Using personal information system within an organization means better employee
productivity and better team work in the near term.

Functionality of Personal Information System:

There are two modes of functionality of personal information system:
1. User panel: The user panel is for entering the personal information such as profile details,
qualification details, and employment details.
2. Administrator panel: The administrator panels maintain following activities like user settings,
profile master, qualification master, and document upload master, email settings, printer settings.
Benefits of Personal Information System:
 Personal information system contains the data of all its users.
 Users can easily search and locate data with personal information management system.
 Information stored in personal information system is transferrable to other locations and
software programs.

Exercise: Design simple personal application that gives you reminders for each day. Identify
the inputs to be taken, processing to be done, and the output to be produced . What
multimedia components can be added to this application?
The personal application for reminder is a simple and effective application that can be used in busy
schedule for reminding the day to day activities.
Features of this application:
 Users can set / update date / time of particular event.
 The history data can be cleared.
 Priority of task can be set or changed.
 One can feed to-do list to the application.
 The meeting schedule can be input to the application. The remaining application will
display the schedule one hour prior to actual schedule.
 The birthdays, anniversaries or important dates can be reminded on particular dates by
flashing images, messages and ringing alarm. Users can stop the alarm or press ‘remind me’
after sometime button.
 Email data via, name of person, email address, phone number and so on can be used by the
application as input. This feature can be set if user permits to do so.
 The day / date / time can be set according to appropriate time zone of the country.

The GUI for simple personal application that gives you reminders is as follows:
 Input : Name of the person, birthdate, anniversary date, meeting time, purpose of meeting,
allotted timing for meeting.
 Processing: It involves making calculations, matching data against system date, matching
person name, storing data for future use.
 Output: Displaying reminding information on the device, displaying date, ringing alarm,
flashing light.

Multimedia Components:
 Text: The text is used for typing the input to the system as well for displaying the name of
the event, detailed information about some schedules, to-do list, name of the person and so
on.
 Graphics: The attractive graphics flashing as output on matching with date or time of
particular event.
 Image: The image / photo of the persons can be displayed on the app while reminding the
birthdays and anniversaries.
 Audio: Melodious songs or ringtone will be ringing for the reminding alarm.
 Animation: Animated images or text can be displayed on the device for reminding app on
particular event.