6.

FOUNDATION DESIGN

6.1 Foundation Dimensions

Node 2 1 of 6
Cx = 0.600 m pedestal length
Cz = 0.600 m pedestal width
Lx = 1.500 m foundation length
Lz = 1.500 m foundation width
Sx1 = 0.450 m projection along x-dir from face of ped
Sx2 = 0.450 m projection along x-dir from face of ped
Sz1 = 0.450 m projection along z-dir from face of ped
Sz2 = 0.450 m projection along z-dir from face of ped
Hf = 0.600 m foundation thickness
Hs = 0.300 m pedestal height below HPP
m = 0.200 m projection above HPP
Hp = 0.500 m pedestal height
H = 1.100 m
ex = 0.000 m distance between pedestal and foundation axes (x-dir)
ez = 0.000 m distance between pedestal and foundation axes (z-dir)
βc = 1.00 m ratio of long side to short side of column
αs = 40 40 for interior col, 30 for edge col, 20 for corner col
bo = 4.468 m perimeter for punching shear check
bx1 = m length of beam shear check (x-dir)
bx2 = m length of beam shear check (x-dir)
bz1 = m length of beam shear check (z-dir)
bz2 = m length of beam shear check (z-dir)

d = 0.517 m
Af = 2.25 m 2 plan area of footing
Zx = 0.5625 m 3 section modulus for x-axis
Zz = 0.5625 m 3 section modulus for z-axis

dia = 16 mm
wc = 25 kN/m 3 unit weight of concrete
ws = 18 kN/m 3 unit weight of soil

qa = 100 kN/m 2 allowable bearing capacity

μ = 0.40 coefficient of friction
SFs = 1.50 factor of safety sliding
Sfo = 1.50 factor of safety overturning

fc' = 21 MPa
fy = 275 MPa

6.2 Design Summary

6.2.1 Stability Check Summary and Governing Case Summary
Stability Check Result Maximum Soil
Footing Soil Bearing Reaction for
Node No. S.F. Concrete Design Remarks
Type Pressure S.F. Sliding
Overturning
kN/m2 kN/m2
1 F1 69.66 2.47 2.05 125.00

6.3 Stability Check

6.3.1 Service Load : Loads and Moment at top of pedestal (from STAAD analysis results)
Loads on top of pedestal (F in kN, M in kN-m)
LOAD CASE
LOAD CASE
Fx Fy Fz Mx Mz
101 Dead Load -0.001 -72.765 -0.937 -1.867 0.000
102 Dead Load+Live Load -0.001 -115.800 -3.459 -6.891 0.000
103 Dead Load+Live Load -0.001 -105.042 -2.829 -5.635 0.000
104 Dead Load+Wind Load (x-dir) -0.336 -46.189 -7.243 -5.681 0.000 2 of 6
105 Dead Load+Wind Load (x-dir) 0.337 -48.117 -7.244 -5.682 0.000
106 Dead Load+Wind Load (z-dir) -0.842 -31.714 11.067 12.762 0.000
107 Dead Load+Wind Load (z-dir) -0.834 -31.807 -2.455 -1.839 0.000
108 Normal Oper.+Wind Load (x-dir) -0.252 -85.109 -7.558 -8.496 0.000
109 Normal Oper.+Wind Load (x-dir) 0.253 -86.556 -7.559 -8.497 0.000
110 Normal Oper.+Wind Load (z-dir) -0.632 -74.253 6.175 5.337 0.000
111 Normal Oper.+Wind Load (z-dir) -0.626 -74.323 -3.967 -5.615 0.000
112 Dead Load+Wind Load (x-dir) Uplift -0.336 -45.417 -7.118 -5.429 0.000
113 Dead Load+Wind Load (x-dir) Uplift 0.337 -47.345 -7.119 -5.432 0.000
114 Dead Load+Wind Load (z-dir) Uplift -0.842 -30.942 11.192 13.015 0.000
115 Dead Load+Wind Load (z-dir) Uplift -0.834 -31.035 -2.330 -1.586 0.000

6.3.2 Loads and Moment at base of footing use Load Case 102

1. ΣFy = Fy - Tf
Tf : Footing weight (WF) + Pedestal weight (Wp) + Soil Weight (Ws)
Tf = Wf + ΣWp + Ws = 38.25 kN
Wf = Lx * Lz * wc * Hf = 33.75 kN
Wp = Cx1 * Cz1 * wc * Hp = 4.50 kN
Ws = [(Lx * Lz) - Σ(Cx * Cz)] * ws * Hs = 0.00 kN
ΣFy = Fy - Tf = -154.05 kN

2. ΣMx = Mxi + Mxs

Mxs : Moment at the footing bottom due to horizontal force applied along z-direction
H : Sum of pedestal and footing height
H = Hp + Hf = 1.10 m
Mxs = Fzi * H = -3.80 kN-m
ΣMx = Mxi + Mxs = -10.70 kN

3. ΣMz = Mzi + Mzs

Mzs : Moment at the footing bottom due to horizontal force applied along x-direction
H : Sum of pedestal and footing height
H = Hp + Hf = 1.10 m
Mzs = Fxi * H = 0.00 kN-m
ΣMz = Mzi + Mzs = 0.00 kN

4. Eccentricity Distance
ex = ΣMz / ΣFy = 0.000 m < Lx / 6 = 0.250 m
ez = ΣMx / ΣFy = 0.069 m < Lz / 6 = 0.250 m

Design Load Summary for Stability Check

LC ΣFx ΣFy ΣFz ΣMx ΣMz ex ez
101 0.00 -111.02 -0.94 -2.90 0.00 0.000 < Lx/6 0.026 < Lz/6
102 0.00 -154.05 -3.46 -10.70 0.00 0.000 < Lx/6 0.069 < Lz/6
103 0.00 -143.29 -2.83 -8.75 0.00 0.000 < Lx/6 0.061 < Lz/6
104 -0.34 -84.44 -7.24 -13.65 -0.37 0.004 < Lx/6 0.162 < Lz/6
105 0.34 -86.37 -7.24 -13.65 0.37 -0.004 < Lx/6 0.158 < Lz/6
106 -0.84 -69.96 11.07 24.94 -0.93 0.013 < Lx/6 -0.356 > Lz/6
107 -0.83 -70.06 -2.46 -4.54 -0.92 0.013 < Lx/6 0.065 < Lz/6
108 -0.25 -123.36 -7.56 -16.81 -0.28 0.002 < Lx/6 0.136 < Lz/6
109 0.25 -124.81 -7.56 -16.81 0.28 -0.002 < Lx/6 0.135 < Lz/6
110 -0.63 -112.50 6.18 12.13 -0.70 0.006 < Lx/6 -0.108 < Lz/6
111 -0.63 -112.57 -3.97 -9.98 -0.69 0.006 < Lx/6 0.089 < Lz/6
112 -0.34 -83.67 -7.12 -13.26 -0.37 0.004 < Lx/6 0.158 < Lz/6
113 0.34 -85.60 -7.12 -13.26 0.37 -0.004 < Lx/6 0.155 < Lz/6
114 -0.84 -69.19 11.19 25.33 -0.93 0.013 < Lx/6 -0.366 > Lz/6 3 of 6
115 -0.83 -69.29 -2.33 -4.15 -0.92 0.013 < Lx/6 0.060 < Lz/6

6.3.3 Soil Bearing Capacity Check

if e ≤ L/6 q = ΣFy/Af ( 1 ± ex*Lx/6 ± ez*Lz/6)
if e > L/6 q = 2*ΣFy/3aB

LC ex ez q1 q2 qa Result
101 0.000 0.026 49.662 49.018 100 OK
102 0.000 0.069 69.655 67.278 100 OK
103 0.000 0.061 64.657 62.713 100 OK
104 0.004 0.162 39.086 35.971 100 OK
105 -0.004 0.158 39.861 36.910 100 OK
106 0.013 -0.356 42.205 28.105 100 OK
107 0.013 0.065 31.743 30.530 100 OK
108 0.002 0.136 56.725 52.928 100 OK
109 -0.002 0.135 57.306 53.632 100 OK
110 0.006 -0.108 48.731 51.272 100 OK
111 0.006 0.089 51.218 48.847 100 OK
112 0.004 0.158 38.700 35.671 100 OK
113 -0.004 0.155 39.475 36.610 100 OK
114 0.013 -0.366 41.748 27.555 100 OK
115 0.013 0.060 31.356 30.230 100 OK

6.3.4 Sliding Check

So = √(Fx2 + Fz2)
Sr = ΣFy * μ
Sr / So = actual sliding resistance

LC ΣFx ΣFy ΣFz So Sr Sr / So S.F. Result

101 0.00 -111.02 -0.94 0.94 44.41 47.39 1.50 OK
102 0.00 -154.05 -3.46 3.46 61.62 17.81 1.50 OK
103 0.00 -143.29 -2.83 2.83 57.32 20.26 1.50 OK
104 -0.34 -84.44 -7.24 7.25 33.78 4.66 1.50 OK
105 0.34 -86.37 -7.24 7.25 34.55 4.76 1.50 OK
106 -0.84 -69.96 11.07 11.10 27.99 2.52 1.50 OK
107 -0.83 -70.06 -2.46 2.59 28.02 10.81 1.50 OK
108 -0.25 -123.36 -7.56 7.56 49.34 6.53 1.50 OK
109 0.25 -124.81 -7.56 7.56 49.92 6.60 1.50 OK
110 -0.63 -112.50 6.18 6.21 45.00 7.25 1.50 OK
111 -0.63 -112.57 -3.97 4.02 45.03 11.21 1.50 OK
112 -0.34 -83.67 -7.12 7.13 33.47 4.70 1.50 OK
113 0.34 -85.60 -7.12 7.13 34.24 4.80 1.50 OK
114 -0.84 -69.19 11.19 11.22 27.68 2.47 1.50 OK
115 -0.83 -69.29 -2.33 2.47 27.71 11.20 1.50 OK

6.3.5 Overturning Check 4 of 6

Mrx = ΣFy * Lz/2
Mrz = ΣFy * Lx/2
Mrx / ΣMx
Mrz / ΣMz

LC ΣFy ΣMx ΣMz Mrx Mrz Mrx / ΣMx Mrz / ΣMz S.F. Result
101 -111.02 -2.90 0.00 -83.2613 -83.2613 28.73 75692.05 1.50 OK
102 -154.05 -10.70 0.00 -115.538 -115.538 10.80 ######## 1.50 OK
103 -143.29 -8.75 0.00 -107.469 -107.469 12.29 97699.09 1.50 OK
104 -84.44 -13.65 -0.37 -63.3293 -63.3293 4.64 171.35 1.50 OK
105 -86.37 -13.65 0.37 -64.7753 -64.7753 4.75 174.74 1.50 OK
106 -69.96 24.94 -0.93 -52.473 -52.473 2.10 56.65 1.50 OK
107 -70.06 -4.54 -0.92 -52.5428 -52.5428 11.57 57.27 1.50 OK
108 -123.36 -16.81 -0.28 -92.5193 -92.5193 5.50 333.76 1.50 OK
109 -124.81 -16.81 0.28 -93.6045 -93.6045 5.57 336.34 1.50 OK
110 -112.50 12.13 -0.70 -84.3773 -84.3773 6.96 121.37 1.50 OK
111 -112.57 -9.98 -0.69 -84.4298 -84.4298 8.46 122.61 1.50 OK
112 -83.67 -13.26 -0.37 -62.7503 -62.7503 4.73 169.78 1.50 OK
113 -85.60 -13.26 0.37 -64.1963 -64.1963 4.84 173.18 1.50 OK
114 -69.19 25.33 -0.93 -51.894 -51.894 2.05 56.03 1.50 OK
115 -69.29 -4.15 -0.92 -51.9638 -51.9638 12.52 56.64 1.50 OK

6.4 Strength Design

6.4.1 Factored Load : Loads and Moment at top of pedestal (from STAAD analysis results)
Loads on top of pedestal (F in kN, M in kN-m)
LOAD CASE
Fx Fy Fz Mx Mz
201 Dead Load -0.163 -33.909 -1.313 -2.615 0.000
202 Dead Load+Live Load -0.522 -97.160 -5.165 -10.289 0.000
203 Dead Load+Live Load -0.259 -50.345 -2.387 -4.756 0.000
204 Normal Oper.+Wind Load (x-dir) -0.702 -7.094 -12.894 -11.107 0.000
205 Normal Oper.+Wind Load (x-dir) 0.671 -9.188 -12.896 -11.111 0.000
206 Normal Oper.+Wind Load (z-dir) -1.201 17.054 17.624 19.634 0.000
207 Normal Oper.+Wind Load (z-dir) -1.187 16.909 -4.912 -4.701 0.000
208 Dead Load+Wind Load (x-dir) Uplift -0.548 21.452 -11.351 -8.032 0.000
209 Dead Load+Wind Load (x-dir) Uplift 0.825 19.358 -11.353 -8.036 0.000
210 Dead Load+Wind Load (z-dir) Uplift -1.046 45.600 19.168 22.710 0.000
211 Dead Load+Wind Load (z-dir) Uplift -1.032 45.455 -3.369 -1.625 0.000

6.4.2 Loads and Moment at base of footing use Load Case 203

1. ΣFy = Fy - Tf * Load Factor

Tf : Footing weight (WF) + Pedestal weight (Wp) + Soil Weight (Ws)
Tf = Wf + ΣWp + Ws = 38.25 kN
Wf = Lx * Lz * wc * Hf = 33.75 kN
Wp = Cx1 * Cz1 * wc * Hp = 4.50 kN
Ws = [(Lx * Lz) - Σ(Cx * Cz)] * ws * Hs = 0.00 kN
Load Factor, LF = 1.20
ΣFy = Fy - Tf * LF = -96.25 kN

2. ΣMx = Mxi + Mxs

Mxs : Moment at the footing bottom due to horizontal force applied along z-direction 5 of 6
H : Sum of pedestal and footing height
H = Hp + Hf = 1.10 m
Mxs = Fzi * H = -2.63 kN-m
ΣMx = Mxi + Mxs = -7.38 kN

3. ΣMz = Mzi + Mzs

Mzs : Moment at the footing bottom due to horizontal force applied along x-direction
H : Sum of pedestal and footing height
H = Hp + Hf = 1.10 m
Mzs = Fxi * H = -0.28 kN-m
ΣMz = Mzi + Mzs = -0.28 kN

4. Eccentricity Distance
ex = ΣMz / ΣFy = 0.003 m < Lx / 6 = 0.250 m
ez = ΣMx / ΣFy = 0.077 m < Lz / 6 = 0.250 m

Design Load Summary for Stability Check

LC ΣFx ΣFy ΣFz ΣMx ΣMz ex ez
201 -0.16 -87.46 -1.31 -4.06 -0.18 0.002 < Lx/6 0.046 < Lz/6
202 -0.52 -143.06 -5.17 -15.97 -0.57 0.004 < Lx/6 0.112 < Lz/6
203 -0.26 -96.25 -2.39 -7.38 0.00 0.000 < Lx/6 0.077 < Lz/6
204 -0.70 -52.99 -12.89 -25.29 -0.77 0.015 < Lx/6 0.477 > Lz/6
205 0.67 -55.09 -12.90 -25.30 0.74 -0.013 < Lx/6 0.459 > Lz/6
206 -1.20 -28.85 17.62 39.02 -1.32 0.046 < Lx/6 -1.353 > Lz/6
207 -1.19 -28.99 -4.91 -10.10 -1.31 0.045 < Lx/6 0.349 > Lz/6
208 -0.55 -12.97 -11.35 -20.52 -0.60 0.046 < Lx/6 1.582 > Lz/6
209 0.83 -15.07 -11.35 -20.52 0.91 -0.060 < Lx/6 1.362 > Lz/6
210 -1.05 11.18 19.17 43.79 -1.15 -0.103 < Lx/6 3.919 > Lz/6
211 -1.03 11.03 -3.37 -5.33 -1.14 -0.103 < Lx/6 -0.483 > Lz/6

6.4.3 Soil Reaction for Concrete Design

if e ≤ L/6 qu = ΣFy/Af ± 6ΣMx/Lx*Lz2 ± 6ΣMy/Lz*Lx2
if e > L/6 qu = 2*ΣFy/3aB

X-direction (Mz) Z-direction (Mx)

LC
ex qu1 qu2 ez qu1 qu2
201 0.002 39.189 38.552 0.046 46.087 31.654
202 0.004 64.603 62.561 0.112 91.974 35.190
203 0.000 42.776 42.776 0.077 55.899 29.653
204 0.015 24.926 22.180 0.477 Not Applicable
Not Applicable
205 -0.013 23.171 25.796 0.459 Not Applicable
Not Applicable
206 0.046 15.169 10.472 -1.353 Not Applicable
Not Applicable
207 0.045 15.206 10.564 0.349 Not Applicable
Not Applicable
208 0.046 6.837 4.694 1.582 Not Applicable
Not Applicable
209 -0.060 5.083 8.310 1.362 Not Applicable
Not Applicable
210 -0.103 -2.921 -7.012 3.919 Not Applicable
Not Applicable
211 -0.103 -2.884 -6.920 -0.483 Not Applicable
Not Applicable

6.5 Footing Design

6.5.1 For X-direction
qumax = 64.60 kN/m 2 * 1.500 m = 96.90 kN/m
qumin = 62.56 kN/m 2 * 1.500 m = 93.84 kN/m

q1 = qumax - qumin = 3.06 kN/m 6 of 6

x = (Lx - Cx) / 2 = 0.45 m
by ratio and proportion = 2.14 kN/m
q2 = q1 * (Lx-x) / Lx
Design Moment
Mu = (qumin+q2) *x* x/2 + 1/2*(q1-q2)*x*(2/3*x) = 9.78 kN-m
w(1-0.59w) = 0.00194
w, by quadratic equation = 0.00194
rho = 0.00015
rho min = 0.00509
use = 0.00509
As = 3948 mm 2
No. of bars = 21

6.5.2 For Z-direction

qumax = 91.97 kN/m 2 * 1.500 m = 137.96 kN/m
qumin = 35.19 kN/m 2 * 1.500 m = 52.79 kN/m

q1 = qumax - qumin = 85.18 kN/m

z = (Lz - Cz) / 2 = 0.45 m
by ratio and proportion = 59.62 kN/m
q2 = q1 * (Lz-z) / Lz
Design Moment
Mu = (qumin+q2) *z* z/2 + 1/2*(q1-q2)*z*(2/3*z) = 13.11 kN-m
w(1-0.59w) = 0.00259
w, by quadratic equation = 0.00261
rho = 0.00020
rho min = 0.00509
use = 0.00509
As = 3948 mm 2
No. of bars = 21