Final SE EXTC Syllabus
Final SE EXTC Syllabus
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
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AC___________
Item No. ______
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
Cover Page
Sr.
Heading Particulars
No.
Title of the SY BE in Electronics & Telecommunication
1
Course Engineering
Eligibility for
2
Admission
Passing
3 40%
Marks
Ordinances /
4
Regulations ( if any)
No. of Years /
5 4 Years / 8 Semesters
Semesters
Certificate/Diploma/UG/PG
6 Level
( Strike out which is not applicable)
Semester/Yearly
7 Pattern
( Strike out which is not applicable)
Revised/New /
8 Status
( Strike out which is not applicable)
To be implemented
9 With effect from Academic Year: 2020-2021
from Academic Year
Date: 25-06-2020
Signature:
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PREAMBLE
Some of the salient features of this revised curriculum are as below and they fall inline with the
features in AICTE Model Curriculum.
1. The curriculum has been designed in such a way that it encourages innovation and research as the
total number of credits have been reduced from around 200 credits in earlier curriculum to 171
credits in the current revision.
2. In the second and third year curriculum skill based laboratories and mini-projects are introduced.
3. It will result in the students developing a problem solving approach and will be able to meet the
challenges of future.
4. The Mumbai University and BoS – Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering will ensure the
revision of the curriculum on regular basis in future as well and this updation will certainly help
students to achieve better employability; start-ups and other avenues for higher studies.
The BoS would like thank all the subject experts, industry representatives, alumni, and various other
stakeholders for their sincere efforts and valuable time in the preparation of course contents,
reviewing the contents, giving valuable suggestions, and critically analyzing the contents.
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Program Structure for Second Year Engineering
Semester III & IV
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
(With Effect from 2020-2021)
Semester III
Teaching Scheme
Course Credits Assigned
Course Name (Contact Hours)
Code
Theory Pract. Tut. Theory Pract. Tut. Total
Engineering Mathematics-
ECC301 3 -- 1* 3 -- 1 4
III
Electronic Devices &
ECC302 3 -- -- 3 -- -- 3
Circuits
ECC303 Digital System Design 3 -- -- 3 -- -- 3
ECC304 Network Theory 3 -- 1 3 -- 1 4
Electronic Instrumentation
ECC305 3 -- -- 3 -- -- 3
& Control Systems
Electronic Devices &
ECL301 -- 2 -- -- 1 -- 1
Circuits Lab
ECL302 Digital System Design Lab -- 2 -- -- 1 -- 1
Electronic Instrumentation
ECL303 -- 2 -- -- 1 -- 1
& Control Systems Lab
Skill Lab: C++ and Java
ECL304 -- 4 -- -- 2 -- 2
Programming
ECM301 Mini Project 1A -- 4$ -- -- 2 -- 2
Total 15 14 2 15 07 2 24
Examination Scheme
Theory
End Exam. Term Pract.
Course Total
Course Name Internal Assessment Sem. Duration Work & oral
Code
Exam (in Hrs)
Engineering
ECC301 20 20 20 80 3 25 -- 125
Mathematics-III
Electronic Devices &
ECC302 20 20 20 80 3 -- -- 100
Circuits
ECC303 Digital System Design 20 20 20 80 3 -- -- 100
ECC304 Network Theory 20 20 20 80 3 25 -- 125
Electronic
ECC305 Instrumentation & 20 20 20 80 3 -- -- 100
Control Systems
Electronic Devices &
ECL301 -- -- -- -- -- 25 25 50
Circuits Lab
Digital System Design
ECL302 -- -- -- -- -- 25 -- 25
Lab
Electronic
ECL303 Instrumentation & -- -- -- -- -- 25 -- 25
Control Systems Lab
Skill Lab: C++ and Java
ECL304 -- -- -- -- -- 25 25 50
Programming
ECM301 Mini Project 1A -- -- -- -- -- 25 25 50
Total -- -- 100 400 -- 175 75 750
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Semester IV
Teaching Scheme
Course Credits Assigned
Course Name (Contact Hours)
Code
Theory Pract. Tut. Theory Pract. Tut. Total
Engineering Mathematics-
ECC401 3 -- 1* 3 -- 1 4
IV
ECC402 Microcontrollers 3 -- -- 3 -- -- 3
ECC403 Linear Integrated Circuits 3 -- -- 3 -- -- 3
ECC404 Signals & Systems 3 -- 1 3 -- 1 4
Principles of
ECC405 Communication 3 -- -- 3 -- -- 3
Engineering
ECL401 Microcontrollers Lab -- 2 -- -- 1 -- 1
Linear Integrated Circuits
ECL402 -- 2 -- -- 1 -- 1
Lab
Principles of
ECL403 Communication -- 2 -- -- 1 -- 1
Engineering Lab
Skill Lab: Python
ECL404 -- 4 -- -- 2 -- 2
Programming
ECM401 Mini Project 1B -- 4$ -- -- 2 -- 2
Total 15 14 2 15 7 2 24
Examination Scheme
Theory
End Exam. Term Pract.
Course Total
Course Name Internal Assessment Sem. Duration Work & oral
Code
Exam. (in Hrs)
Engineering Mathematics-
ECC401 20 20 20 80 3 25 -- 125
IV
ECC402 Microcontrollers 20 20 20 80 3 -- -- 100
ECC403 Linear Integrated Circuits 20 20 20 80 3 -- -- 100
ECC404 Signals & Systems 20 20 20 80 3 25 -- 125
Principles of
ECC405 Communication 20 20 20 80 3 -- -- 100
Engineering
ECL401 Microcontrollers Lab -- -- -- -- -- 25 -- 25
Linear Integrated Circuits
ECL402 -- -- -- -- -- 25 25 50
Lab
Principles of
ECL403 Communication -- -- -- -- -- 25 25 50
Engineering Lab
Skill Lab: Python
ECL404 -- -- -- -- -- 25 25 50
Programming
ECM401 Mini Project 1B -- -- -- -- -- 25 25 50
Total -- -- 100 400 -- 175 100 775
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Course Course Name Teaching Scheme Credits
Code (Contact Hours) Assigned
Pre-requisite:
1. FEC101-Engineering Mathematics-I
2. FEC201-Engineering Mathematics-II
3. Scalar and Vector Product: Scalar and vector product of three and four vectors
1. To learn the Laplace Transform, Inverse Laplace Transform of various functions and its
applications.
2. To understand the concept of Fourier Series, its complex form and enhance the problem
solving skill.
3. To understand the concept of complex variables, C-R equations, harmonic functions and its
conjugate and mapping in complex plane.
4. To understand the basics of Linear Algebra.
5. To use concepts of vector calculus to analyze and model engineering problems.
Course Outcomes: After successful completion of course student will be able to:
1. Understand the concept of Laplace transform and its application to solve the real integrals in
engineering problems.
2. Understand the concept of inverse Laplace transform of various functions and its applications
in engineering problems.
3. Expand the periodic function by using Fourier series for real life problems and complex
engineering problems.
4. Understand complex variable theory, application of harmonic conjugate to get orthogonal
trajectories and analytic function.
5. Use matrix algebra to solve the engineering problems.
6. Apply the concepts of vector calculus in real life problems.
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Module Detailed Contents Hrs.
Module: Laplace Transform
1.1 Definition of Laplace transform, Condition of Existence of Laplace transform.
1.2 Laplace Transform (L) of Standard Functions like 𝑒 𝑎𝑡 , 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎𝑡), 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑡),
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ(𝑎𝑡), 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ(𝑎𝑡) and 𝑡 𝑛 , 𝑛 ≥ 0.
1.3 Properties of Laplace Transform: Linearity, First Shifting theorem, Second Shifting
01 Theorem, change of scale Property, multiplication by t, Division by t, Laplace 6
Transform of derivatives and integrals (Properties without proof).
1.4 Evaluation of integrals by using Laplace Transformation.
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fields.
6.3 Vector integral: Line Integral, Green’s theorem in a plane (Without Proof),
Stokes’ theorem (Without Proof) only evaluation.
Self-learning Topics: Gauss’ divergence Theorem and applications of Vector
calculus.
Total 36
Term Work:
General Instructions:
1. Batch wise tutorials are to be conducted. The number of students per batch should be as per
University pattern for practicals.
2. Students must be encouraged to write at least 6 class tutorials on entire syllabus.
3. A group of 4-6 students should be assigned a self-learning topic. Students should prepare a
presentation/problem solving of 10-15 minutes. This should be considered as mini project in
Engineering mathematics. This project should be graded for 10 marks depending on the
performance of the students.
Assessment:
Assessment consists of two class tests of 20 marks each. The first-class test (Internal Assessment
I) is to be conducted when approx. 40% syllabus is completed and second class test (Internal
Assessment II) when additional 35% syllabus is completed. Duration of each test shall be one
hour.
References:
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Subject Subject Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
ECC302 Electronic
3 - -- 3 -- -- 3
Devices &
Circuits
Course pre-requisite:
Course Objectives:
Course Outcomes:
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Module Unit Topics Hrs.
No. No.
1.0 Introduction of Electronic Devices 05
1.1 Study of pn junction diode characteristics & diode current
equation. Application of zener diode as a voltage regulator.
1.2 Construction, working and characteristics of BJT, JFET, and E-
MOSFET
2.0 Biasing Circuits of BJTs and MOSFETs 06
2.1 Concept of DC load line, Q point and regions of operations,
Analysis and design of biasing circuits for BJT (Fixed bias &
Voltage divider Bias)
2.2 DC load line and region of operation for MOSFETs. Analysis and
design of biasing circuits for JFET (self bias and voltage divider
bias), E-MOSFET (Drain to Gate bias & voltage divider bias).
3.0 Small Signal Amplifiers 06
3.1 Concept of AC load line and Amplification, Small signal analysis
(Zi, Zo, Av and Ai) of CE amplifier using hybrid pi model.
3.2 Small signal analysis (Zi, Zo, Av) of CS (for EMOSFET)
amplifiers.
3.3 Introduction to multistage amplifiers.(Concept, advantages &
disadvantages)
4.0 Frequency response of Small signal Amplifiers: 07
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Text books:
References:
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Course Course Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name (Contact Hours)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
ECC303 Digital
System 03 -- -- 03 -- -- 03
Design
Course Pre-requisite:
Course Objectives:
Course Outcomes:
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Module Unit
Topics Hrs.
No. No.
1.0 Number Systems and Codes 04
Review of Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal Number Systems,
their inter-conversion, Binary code, Gray code and BCD
1.1 04
code, Binary Arithmetic, Addition, Subtraction using 1’s and
2’s Complement
2.0 Logic Family and Logic Gates 04
Difference between Analog and Digital signals, Logic levels,
2.1 02
TTL and CMOS Logic families and their characteristics
Digital logic gates, Universal gates, Realization using NAND
2.2 02
and NOR gates, Boolean Algebra, De Morgan’s Theorem
3.0 Combinational Logic Circuits 10
SOP and POS representation, K-Map up to four variables
3.1 and Quine-McClusky method for minimization of logic 03
expressions
Arithmetic Circuits: Half adder, Full adder, Half Subtractor,
3.2 Full Subtractor, Carry Look ahead adder and BCD adder, 04
Magnitude Comparator
Multiplexer and De-Multiplexer: Multiplexer operations,
3.3 cascading of Multiplexer, Boolean function implementation 03
using MUX, DEMUX and basic gates, Encoder and Decoder
4.0 Sequential Logic Circuits 12
Flip flops: RS, JK, Master slave flip flops; T & D flip flops with
4.1 various triggering methods, Conversion of flip flops, 04
Registers: SISO, SIPO, PISO, PIPO, Universal Shift Register
Counters: Asynchronous and Synchronous counters with
4.2 04
State transition diagram, Up/Down, MOD N, BCD Counter
Applications of Sequential Circuits: Frequency division, Ring 04
4.3 counter, Johnson counter, Introduction to design of Moore
and Mealy circuits
Different Types of Memories and Programmable Logic
5.0 04
Devices
Classification and Characteristics of memory, SRAM, DRAM,
5.1 02
ROM, PROM, EPROM and Flash memories
Introduction: Programmable Logic Devices (PLD),
5.2 Programmable Logic Array (PLA), Programmable Array Logic 02
(PAL)
6.0 Introduction to VHDL 02
Basics of VHDL/Verilog Programming, Design and
6.1 implementation of adder, subtractor, multiplexer and flip flop 02
using VHDL/Verilog
Total 36
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Text Books:
Reference Books:
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Course Course Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
ECC304 Network 03 -- 01 03 -- 01 04
Theory
Course Pre-requisite:
Course Objectives:
Course Outcomes:
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Module Unit Topics Hrs.
No. No.
1.0 Electrical circuit analysis 07
1.1 Circuit Analysis: Analysis of Circuits with and without
dependent sources using generalized loop and node analysis,
super mesh and super node analysis technique
Circuit Theorems: Superposition, Thevenin’s, Norton’s and
Maximum Power Transfer Theorems (Use only DC source).
1.2 Magnetic circuits: Concept of Self and mutual inductances,
coefficient of coupling, dot convention, equivalent circuit,
solution using mesh analysis (for Two Loops only).
2.0 Graph Theory 05
2.1 Objectives of graph theory, Linear Oriented Graphs, graph
terminologies
Matrix representation of a graph: Incidence matrix, Circuit
matrix, Cut-set matrix, reduced Incident matrix, Tieset matrix,
f-cutset matrix.
2.2 Relationship between sub matrices A, B & Q.
KVL & KCL using matrix.
3.0 Time and frequency domain analysis 06
3.0 3.1 Time domain analysis of R-L and R-C Circuits: Forced and
natural response, initial and final values. Solution using first
order and second order differential equation with step signals.
3.2 Frequency domain analysis of R-L-C Circuits: Forced and
natural response, effect of damping factor. Solution using
second order equation for step signal.
4.0 Network functions 06
4.1 Network functions for the one port and two port networks,
driving point and transfer functions, Poles and Zeros of
Network functions, necessary condition for driving point
functions, necessary condition for transfer functions,
calculation of residues by graphical methods, testing for
Hurwitz polynomial.
4.2 Analysis of ladder & symmetrical lattice network (Up to two
nodes or loops)
5.0 Two port Networks 05
5.1 Parameters: Open Circuits, short Circuit, Transmission and
Hybrid parameters, relationship among parameters,
conditions for reciprocity and symmetry.
5.2 Interconnections of Two-Port networks T & π representation.
6.0 Synthesis of RLC circuits 07
6.1 Positive Real Functions: Concept of positive real function,
necessary and sufficient conditions for Positive real
Functions.
6.2 Synthesis of LC, RC & RL Circuits: properties of LC, RC & RL
driving point functions, LC, RC & RL network Synthesis in
Cauer-I & Cauer-II , Foster-I & Foster-II forms (Up to Two
Loops only).
Total 36
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Textbooks:
1. Franklin F Kuo, “Network Analysis and Synthesis”, Wiley Toppan, 2nd ed. ,1966.
2. M E Van Valkenburg, “Network Analysis”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New
Delhi, 26th Indian Reprint, 2000.
Reference Books:
1. A. Chakrabarti, “Circuit Theory”, Dhanpat Rai & Co., Delhi, 6th Edition.
2. A. Sudhakar, Shyammohan S. Palli “Circuits and Networks”, Tata McGraw-Hill
education.
3. Smarajit Ghosh “Network Theory Analysis & Synthesis”, PHI learning.
4. K.S. Suresh Kumar, “Electric Circuit Analysis” Pearson, 2013.
5. D. Roy Choudhury, “Networks and Systems” , New Age International, 1998.
Internal Assessment (IA) consists of two class tests of 20 marks each. IA-1 is to
be conducted on approximately 40% of the syllabus completed and IA-2 will be
based on remaining contents (approximately 40% syllabus but excluding
contents covered in IA-I). Duration of each test shall be one hour. Average of the
two tests will be considered as IA marks.
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Subject Subject Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tuto Total
rial
Electronic 03 -- -- 03 -- -- 03
ECC305 Instrumen-
tation
& Control
Systems
Course pre-requisites:
Course Objectives:
Course Outcomes:
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Module Unit Topics Hrs.
No. No.
1. Principle of Measurement, Testing and Measuring 04
instruments
Introduction to Basic instruments: Components of generalized
1.1 measurement system Concept of accuracy, precision, linearity,
sensitivity, resolution, hysteresis, calibration.
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Textbooks:
https://swayam.gov.in/nd1_noc20_ee90/preview
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Subject Subject Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical/ Tutorial Total
Oral
Electronic
ECL301 -- 2 -- -- 1 -- 1
Devices &
Circuits
Lab
Course Objectives:
1. To make students familiar with equipments and measuring instruments used to perform
Electronics Devices and Circuits laboratory work.
2. To provide hands on experience to develop laboratory setup for performing given
experimental using various equipments, electronic devices and measuring instruments.
3. To develop an ability among students to gather appropriate data and analyse the same to
relate theory with practical.
4. To develop trouble shooting abilities among students.
Course Outcomes:
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Laboratory plan:
Term Work: At least 10 Experiments including not more than 03 simulations covering entire
syllabus must be given during the “Laboratory session batch wise”. Computation/simulation
based experiments are also encouraged. The experiments should be students centric and
attempt should be made to make experiments more meaningful, interesting and innovative.
Term work assessment must be based on the overall performance of the student with every
experiment and assignments are graded from time to time. The grades will be converted to
marks as per “Credit and Grading System” manual and should be added and averaged.
Based on above scheme grading and term work assessment should be done. The practical
and oral examination will be based on entire syllabus.
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Teaching Scheme
Course Course Credits Assigned
(Contact Hours)
Code Name
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
Digital
ECL302 System -- 02 -- -- 01 -- 01
Design Lab
Course objectives:
1. To get familiarise with basic building blocks of Digital System Design and verify the
operation of various digital ICs.
2. To train students to design and implementation of combinational circuits.
3. To instruct students on how to design and implement sequential circuits.
4. To introduce simulation software like VHDL/Verilog to design basic digital circuits.
Course outcomes:
1. Identify various Digital ICs and basic building blocks of digital system design
2. Design and implement combinational circuits like adder, subtractor, multiplexer, code
converters etc.
3. Identify and understand working of various types of flip flops and their inter
conversions.
4. Design and implement basic sequential circuits such as counters, registers etc.
5. Acquire basic knowledge of VHDL/Verilog basic programming.
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8. Design and implement Magnitude Comparator.
9. Verify truth table of different types of flip flops.
10. Flip flop conversions JK to D, JK to T and D to TFF.
11. Design asynchronous/synchronous MOD N counter using IC7490.
12. Verify different counter operations.
13. Write VHDL/Verilog simulation code for different logic gates.
14. Write VHDL/Verilog simulation code for combinational and sequential circuits.
15. Write VHDL/Verilog simulation code for 4:1 Multiplexer, 2 to 4 line binary decoder.
Term Work:
At least 08 experiments covering the entire syllabus must be given “Batch Wise”. Out of
these, 06 hardware experiments, to be done strictly on breadboard and at least 02
software experiments using VHDL/Verilog. Teacher should refer the suggested list of
experiments and can design additional experiments to acquire practical design skills. The
experiments should be students centric and attempt should be made to make experiments
more meaningful, interesting and innovative.
Term work assessment must be based on the overall performance of the student with every
experiment and assignments are graded from time to time. The grades will be converted to
marks as per “Credit and Grading System” manual and should be added and averaged.
Based on above scheme grading and term work assessment should be done.
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Subject Subject Name Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Pract. Tut. Total
Electronic -- 2 -- -- 1 -- 1
ECL303 Instrumentation
& Control Systems
lab
Course Objectives:
Course Outcomes:
List of experiments:
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1. Designing DC bridge for Resistance Measurement (Quarter, Half and Full bridge)
2. Designing AC bridge Circuit for capacitance measurement.
3. Study and characteristics of Resistive Temperature Detector (RTD).
4. Study of Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)
5. To plot the effect of time constant on first-order systems response.
6. To plot the frequency response of first-order System
7. To plot the time response of second-order systems
8. To plot the frequency response of second-order System
9. To Examine Steady State Error for Type 0, 1, 2 System
10. To study the performance of Lead and Lag Compensator
11. To inspect the relative stability of systems by Root-Locus using Simulation Software.
12. To determine the frequency specification from Polar plot of system
13. To inspect the stability of system by Nyquist plot using Simulation software.
14. To inspect the stability of system by Bode plot using Simulation software.
15. Any other experiment based on syllabus which will help students to understand
topic/concept.
Term Work:
At least 08 Experiments covering entire syllabus must be given during the “Laboratory
session batch wise”. Computation/simulation based experiments are also encouraged. The
experiments should be students centric and attempt should be made to make experiments
more meaningful, interesting and innovative.
Term work assessment must be based on the overall performance of the student with every
experiment and assignments are graded from time to time. The grades will be converted to
marks as per “Credit and Grading System” manual and should be added and averaged.
Based on above scheme grading and term work assessment should be done. The practical
and oral examination will be based on entire syllabus.
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Course Course Name Teaching Scheme
Credits Assigned
Code (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
Skill Lab: C++
ECL304 and Java -- 04 -- -- 02 -- 02
Programming
Course Pre-requisites:
1. FEL204 - C-Programming
Course Objectives:
Course Outcomes:
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Module Unit Topics Hrs.
No. No.
1.0 C++ Overview 08
1.1 Need of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), Object Oriented
Programming Paradigm, Basic
Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming, Benefits of OOP and C+
+ as object oriented programming language.
1.2 C++ programming Basics, Data Types, Structures, Enumerations, control
structures, Arrays and
Strings, Class, Object, class and data abstraction, class scope and
accessing class members, separating interface from
implementation, controlling access to members.
2.0 C++ Control Structures 06
2.1 Branching - If statement, If-else Statement, Decision.
Looping – while, do-while, for loop
Nested control structure- Switch statement, Continue statement, Break
statement.
2.2 Array- Concepts, Declaration, Definition, Accessing array element,
One-dimensional and Multidimensional array.
3.0 Object-Oriented Programming using C++ 10
3.1 Operator Overloading- concept of overloading, operator overloading,
Overloading Unary Operators, Overloading Binary Operators, Data
Conversion, Type casting (implicit and explicit), Pitfalls of Operator
Overloading and Conversion, Keywords explicit and mutable.
Function- Function prototype, accessing function and utility function,
Constructors and destructors, Copy Constructor, Objects and Memory
requirements, Static Class members, data abstraction and information
hiding, inline function.
Constructor- Definition, Types of Constructor, Constructor Overloading,
Destructor.
3.2 Inheritance- Introduction, Types of Inheritance, Inheritance, Public and
Private Inheritance, Multiple Inheritance, Ambiguity in Multiple Inheritance,
Visibility Modes Public, Private, Protected and Friend, Aggregation,
Classes Within Classes. Deriving a class from Base Class, Constructor
and destructor in Derived Class, Overriding Member Functions, Class
Hierarchies,
Polymorphism- concept, relationship among objects in inheritance
hierarchy, Runtime & Compile Time Polymorphism, abstract classes,
Virtual Base Class.
4.0 Introduction to Java 06
4.1 Programming paradigms- Introduction to programming paradigms,
Introduction to four main
Programming paradigms like procedural, object oriented, functional, and
logic & rule based.
Difference between C++ and Java.
4.2 Java History, Java Features, Java Virtual Machine, Data Types and Size
(Signed vs. Unsigned,
User Defined vs. Primitive Data Types, Explicit Pointer type), Programming
Language JDK Environment and Tools.
5.0 Inheritance, Polymorphism, Encapsulation using Java 10
5.1 Classes and Methods: class fundamentals, declaring objects, assigning
object reference variables, adding methods to a class, returning a value,
constructors, this keyword, garbage collection, finalize() method,
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overloading methods, argument passing, object as parameter, returning
objects, access control, static, final, nested and inner classes, command
line arguments, variable-length
Arguments.
String: String Class and Methods in Java.
5.2 Inheritances: Member access and inheritance, super class references,
Using super, multilevel hierarchy, constructor call sequence, method
overriding, dynamic method dispatch, abstract classes, Object class.
Packages and Interfaces: defining a package, finding packages and
CLASSPATH, access protection, importing packages, interfaces (defining,
implementation, nesting, applying), variables in interfaces, extending
interfaces, instance of operator.
6.0 Exception Handling and Applets in Java 08
6.1 Exception Handling: fundamental, exception types, uncaught exceptions,
try, catch, throw, throws, finally, multiple catch clauses, nested try
statements, built-in exceptions, custom exceptions (creating your own
exception sub classes).
Managing I/O: Streams, Byte Streams and Character Streams,
Predefined Streams, Reading console Input, Writing Console Output,
and Print Writer class.
Threading: Introduction, thread life cycle, Thread States: new, runnable,
Running, Blocked and terminated, Thread naming, thread join method,
Daemon thread
6.2 Applet: Applet Fundamental, Applet Architecture, Applet Life Cycle,
Applet Skeleton, Requesting Repainting, status window, HTML Applet tag,
passing parameters to Applets,
Applet and Application Program.
Total 48
Note: Before performing practical necessary Theory will be taught by concern faculty
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Sr.
Write JAVA Program to
No.
1 Display addition of number
2 Accept marks from user, if Marks greater than 40,declare the student as
“Pass” else “Fail””
3 Accept 3 numbers from user. Compare them and declare the largest
number (Using if-else statement).
4 Display sum of first 10 even numbers using do-while loop.
5 Display Multiplication table of 15 using while loop.
6 Display basic calculator using Switch Statement.
7 Display the sum of elements of arrays.
8 Accept and display the string entered and execute at least 5 different string
functions on it.
9 Read and display the numbers as command line Arguments and display
the addition of them
10 Define a class, describe its constructor, overload the Constructors and
instantiate its object.
11 Illustrate method of overloading
12 Demonstrate Parameterized Constructor
13 Implement Multiple Inheritance using interface
14 Create thread by implementing 'runnable' interface or creating 'Thread
Class.
15 Demonstrate Hello World Applet Example
Textbooks:
Reference Books:
Skill-Enhancement:
1. Raptor-Flowchart Simulation:http://raptor.martincarlisle.com/
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2. Eclipse: https://eclipse.org/
3. Netbeans:https://netbeans.org/downloads/
4. CodeBlock:http://www.codeblocks.org/
5. J-Edit/J-Editor/Blue J
Online Repository:
1. Google Drive
2. GitHub
3. Code Guru
Term Work:
At least 12 experiments (06 experiments each on C++ and JAVA) covering entire syllabus
should be set to have well predefined inference and conclusion. Teacher should refer the
suggested experiments and can design additional experiment to maintain better understanding
and quality.
The experiments should be students centric and attempt should be made to make experiments
more meaningful, interesting and innovative.
Term work assessment must be based on the overall performance of the student with every
Experiments are graded from time to time.
The grades will be converted to marks as per “Choice Based Credit and Grading System”
manual and should be added and averaged. Based on above scheme grading and term work
assessment should be done.
The practical and oral examination will be based on entire syllabus. Students are encouraged to
share their experiments codes on online repository. Practical exam should cover all 12
experiments for examination.
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Course Course Name Examination Scheme
Code
Theory Marks Term Practical Total
Work
Internal assessment End And Oral
Sem.
Test1 Test2 Avg. Of
Exam
Test1
and
Test2
ECM301 Mini Project 1A -- -- -- -- 25 25 50
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Students shall form a group of 3 to 4 students, while forming a group shall not be
allowed less than three or more than four students, as it is a group activity.
Students should do survey and identify needs, which shall be converted into
problem statement for mini project in consultation with faculty supervisor/head of
department/internal committee of faculties.
Students hall submit implementation plan in the form of Gantt/PERT/CPM chart,
which will cover weekly activity of mini project.
A log book to be prepared by each group, wherein group can record weekly work
progress, guide/supervisor can verify and record notes/comments.
Faculty supervisor may give inputs to students during mini project activity;
however, focus shall be on self-learning.
Students in a group shall understand problem effectively, propose multiple
solution and select best possible solution in consultation with guide/ supervisor.
Students shall convert the best solution into working model using various
components of their domain areas and demonstrate.
The solution to be validated with proper justification and report to be compiled in
standard format of University of Mumbai.
With the focus on the self-learning, innovation, addressing societal problems and
entrepreneurship quality development within the students through the Mini
Projects, it is preferable that a single project of appropriate level and quality to be
carried out in two semesters by all the groups of the students. i.e. Mini Project 1
in semester III and IV. Similarly, Mini Project 2 in semesters V and VI.
However, based on the individual students or group capability, with the mentor’s
recommendations, if the proposed Mini Project adhering to the qualitative aspects
mentioned above gets completed in odd semester, then that group can be
allowed to work on the extension of the Mini Project with suitable improvements/
modifications or a completely new project idea in even semester. This policy can
be adopted on case by case basis.
Guidelines for Assessment of Mini Project:
Term Work
The review/ progress monitoring committee shall be constituted by head of
departments of each institute. The progress of mini project to be evaluated
on continuous basis, minimum two reviews in each semester.
In continuous assessment focus shall also be on each individual student,
assessment based on individual’s contribution in group activity, their
understanding and response to questions.
Distribution of Term work marks for both semesters shall be as below;
o Marks awarded by guide/supervisor based on log book : 10
o Marks awarded by review committee : 10
o Quality of Project report : 05
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One-year project:
Half-year project:
In this case in one semester students’ group shall complete project in all
aspects including,
o Identification of need/problem
o Proposed final solution
o Procurement of components/systems
o Building prototype and testing
Two reviews will be conducted for continuous assessment,
First shall be for finalisation of problem and proposed solution
Second shall be for implementation and testing of solution.
In one year, project, first semester evaluation may be based on first six
criteria’s and remaining may be used for second semester evaluation of
performance of students in mini project.
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In case of half year project all criteria’s in generic may be considered for
evaluation of performance of students in mini project.
Guidelines for Assessment of Mini Project Practical/Oral Examination:
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Course Course Name Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
ECM301 Mini Project 1A: -- 04$ -- -- 2 -- 2
Analog & Digital
Circuit Design
based Projects
$ Indicates work load of a learner (Not Faculty) for Mini Project 1A. Faculty Load: 1 hour per
week per four groups.
Course Pre-requisite:
1. FEC105 - BEE
Course Objectives:
1. To make students familiar with the basics of electronic devices and circuits, electrical circuits and
digital systems
2. To familiarize the students with the designing and making of Printed circuit boards(PCB)
3. To improve the knowledge of electronics hardware among students
Course outcomes:
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Module Unit Topics Hrs.
No. No.
1.0 Identification and Designing of Circuit 08
1.1 Identification of particular application with understanding of its detail operation.
Study of necessary components and devices required to implement the
application.
1.2 Designing the circuit for particular application (either analog , digital, electrical ,
analog and digital, etc )
2.0 Software simulation and Implementation on GPP 08
2.1 Simulation of circuit for particular application using software’s to verify the
expected results
2.2 Implementation of verified circuit on general purpose printed circuit board
(GPP).
Now Verify the hardware results by using electronic tools and equipment’s like
millimeter, CRO, DSO etc.
3.0 PCB design and optimization 08
3.1 Design the circuit by placing components using PCB design software’s.
3.2 Reduce the size of PCB by varying the position of components or devices for
optimize use of copper clad material
4.0 Implementation of PCB 08
4.1 Transfer the designed PCB on Copper clad either by using dark room or taking
printout on glossy paper, etc (use available suitable method).
4.2 Perform Etching and then Soldering.
5.0 Detection of Hardware faults and Result verification 08
5.1 Identify the hardware faults in designed circuit and subsequently rectify it
5.2 Now again verify the hardware results by using electronic tools and
equipment’s like millimeter, CRO, DSO etc.
6.0 Understanding the Troubleshooting 08
6.1 Understand the trouble shooting by removing some wired connection.
6.2 Understand the trouble shooting of track. Troubleshoot the faculty components
or devices
Total 48
NOTE: During 1st week or within 1-month of the beginning of the semester, following
topics related to ADC and DAC should be covered as theoretical concepts.
a. Performance specifications of ADC, single ramp ADC, ADC using DAC, dual
slope ADC, successive approximation ADC.
Reference books:
1. Schultz Mitchel E., “Grob's Basic Electronics”, McGraw-Hill Education; 10th edition,
25 October , 2006.
2. Charles Platt, “Make Electronics: Learning by discovery”, O’Reilly; 2nd edition, 18
September , 2015.
3. Forrest M Mims III, “Getting started in Electronics”, Book Renter, Inc.; 3rd edition , 1
January 2000.
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4. R S Khandpur, “Printed circuit board”, McGraw-Hill Education; 1st edition, 24
February , 2005.
5. Kraig Mitzner, “Complete PCB Design Using OrCAD Capture and PCB Editor”,
Academic Press; 2nd edition , 20 June 2019.
1. LTspice:https://www.analog.com/en/design-center/design-tools-and-calculators/
ltspice-simulator.html#
2. Eagle : https://www.autodesk.in/products/eagle/overview
3. OrCAD: https://www.orcad.com/
4. Multisim : https://www.multisim.com/
5. Webbench:http://www.ti.com/design-resources/design-tools-simulation/webench-
power-designer.html
6. Tinkercad : https://www.tinkercad.com/
Online Repository:
1. https://www.electronicsforu.com
2. https://circuitdigest.com
3. https://www.electronicshub.org
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Course Course Name Teaching Scheme Credits
Code (Contact Hours) Assigned
Pre-requisite:
1. FEC101-Engineering Mathematics-I
2. FEC201-Engineering Mathematics-II
3. ECC301-Engineering Mathematics-III & Binomial Distribution.
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of course learner/student will be able to:
1. Use the concepts of Complex Integration for evaluating integrals, computing residues &
evaluate various contour integrals.
2. Apply the concept of Correlation and Regression to the engineering problems in data
science, machine learning and AI.
3. Apply the concepts of probability and expectation for getting the spread of the data and
distribution of probabilities.
4. Apply the concept of vector spaces and orthogonalization process in Engineering
Problems.
5. Use the concept of Quadratic forms and Singular value decomposition which are very
useful tools in various Engineering applications.
6. Find the extremals of the functional using the concept of Calculus of variation.
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Module Detailed Contents Hrs.
Module: Complex Integration
1.1 Line Integral, Cauchy’s Integral theorem for simple connected and multiply
connected regions (without proof), Cauchy’s Integral formula (without
proof).
1.2 Taylor’s and Laurent’s series (without proof).
01
1.3 Definition of Singularity, Zeroes, poles of f(z), Residues, Cauchy’s Residue 6
Theorem (without proof).
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Module: Calculus of Variations:
6.1 Euler- Lagrange equation (Without Proof), When F does not contain y,
When F
does not contain x, When F contains x, y, y’.
6.2 Isoperimetric problems- Lagrange Method. 6
06
6.3 Functions involving higher order derivatives: Rayleigh-Ritz Method.
Term Work:
General Instructions:
1. Batch wise tutorials are to be conducted. The number of students per batch should
be as per University pattern for practicals.
2. Students must be encouraged to write at least 6 class tutorials on entire syllabus.
3. A group of 4-6 students should be assigned a self-learning topic. Students should
prepare a presentation/problem solving of 10-15 minutes. This should be
considered as mini project in Engineering mathematics. This project should be
graded for 10 marks depending on the performance of the students.
Assessment:
Assessment consists of two class tests of 20 marks each. The first-class test (Internal
Assessment I) is to be conducted when approx. 40% syllabus is completed and second class
test (Internal Assessment II) when additional 35% syllabus is completed. Duration of each test
shall be one hour.
References:
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3. Advanced engineering mathematics H.K. Das, S . Chand, Publications.
4. Higher Engineering Mathematics B. V. Ramana, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Publication
5 Advanced Engineering Mathematics, R. K. Jain and S. R. K. Iyengar, Narosa publication
6. Advanced Engineering Mathematics Wylie and Barret, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.
7. Beginning Linear Algebra Seymour Lipschutz Schaum’s outline series, Mc-Graw Hill
Publication
8.Higher Engineering Mathematics, Dr. B. S. Grewal, Khanna Publication
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Course Course Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name (Hrs.)
ECC402 Micro- 3 - -- 3 - -- 3
controllers
Course Pre-requisites:
Course objectives:
Course outcomes:
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Module Unit
Topics Hrs
No. No.
1 Overview of Microprocessor based System 5
Overview of microcomputer systems and their building blocks, Memory
1.1 Interfacing, Steps taken by the microprocessor to fetch and executes an
instruction from the memory
Concepts of Program counter register, Reset, Stack and stack pointer ,
1.2
Subroutine, Interrupts and Direct Memory Access
1.3 Concept of RISC & CISC Architecture
1.4 Harvard & Von Neumann Architecture
2 The Memory Systems 3
2.1 Classification of Memory : Primary and Secondary
2.2 Types of Semiconductor memories
2.3 Cache Memory
Virtual Memory Concept with Memory Management Unit with Segmentation
2.4
and Paging (Address Translation Mechanism)
3 8051 Microcontroller 8
3.1 Comparison between Microprocessor and Microcontroller
3.2 Features, architecture and pin configuration
3.3 CPU timing and machine cycle
3.4 Input / Output ports
3.5 Memory organization
3.6 Counters and timers
3.7 Interrupts
3.8 Serial data input and output
4 8051 Assembly Language Programming and Interfacing 7
4.1 Addressing modes
4.2 Instruction set
4.3 Need of Assembler & Cross Assemble, Assembler Directives
Programs related to: arithmetic, logical, delay subroutine , input, output, timer,
4.4
counters, port, serial communication, and interrupts
4.5 Interfacing with LEDs, Relay and Keys
5 ARM7 8
5.1 Introduction & Features of ARM 7
5.2 Concept of Cortex-A, Cortex-R and Cortex-M
5.3 Architectural inheritance, Pipelining
5.4 Programmer’s model
5.5 Brief introduction to exceptions and interrupts handling
5.6 Instruction set: Data processing, Data Transfer, Control flow
6 Study 8 bit microcontroller Applications 5
6.1 Understanding features of NXP 89v51RD2, Atmega 328P and PIC16F886
6.2 Selecting a microcontroller for an application
6.3 Study of 89v51 based Clock Using I2C RTC and Seven Segment Display
6.4 PIC16F886 Speed Control of DC Motor.
6.5 Atmega 328P based remote temperature monitoring with LCD display
Total 36
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Text Books:
Reference books:
https://swayam.gov.in/nd1_noc20_ee42/preview
Internal Assessment (IA) consists of two class tests of 20 marks each. IA-1 is to
be conducted on approximately 40% of the syllabus completed and IA-2 will be
based on remaining contents (approximately 40% syllabus but excluding
contents covered in IA-I). Duration of each test shall be one hour. Average of the
two tests will be considered as IA marks.
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Course Course Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
ECC403 Linear 03 -- .. 03 -- -- 03
Integrated
Circuits
Course Pre-requisite:
Course Objectives:
1. To understand the concepts, working principles and key applications of linear integrated circuits.
2. To perform analysis of circuits based on linear integrated circuits.
3. To design circuits and systems for particular applications using linear integrated circuits.
Course Outcome:
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Module Unit Topics Hrs.
No. No.
1.0 Introduction to Operational Amplifier 06
1.1 Block diagram of Op-Amp.
Ideal and practical characteristics of op-amp.
1.2 Configurations of Op-Amp: Open loop and closed loop configurations
of Op-amp, Inverting and Non-inverting configuration of Op-amp
and buffer.
1.3 Summing amplifier, difference amplifiers and Instrumentation
amplifier using Op-amp.
2.0 Linear Applications of Operational Amplifier 08
2.1 Voltage to current and current to voltage converter.
2.2 Integrator & differentiator (ideal & practical), Active Filters: First and
Second order active low pass, high pass, band pass, band reject and
Notch filters.
2.3 Positive feedback, Barkhausen’s criteria, Sine Wave Oscillators: RC
phase shift oscillator, Wien bridge oscillator.
3.0 Non-Linear Applications of Operational Amplifier 06
3.0 3.1 Comparators: Inverting comparator, non-inverting comparator, zero
crossing detectors, window detector.
3.2 Schmitt Triggers: Inverting Schmitt trigger, non-inverting Schmitt
trigger.
3.3 Waveform Generators: Square wave generator and triangular wave
generator.
Basics of Precision Rectifiers: Half wave and full wave precision
rectifiers.
Peak detector.
4.0 Timer IC 555 and it’s applications 06
4.1 Functional block diagram and working of IC 555
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Textbooks:
Reference Books:
Internal Assessment (IA) consists of two class tests of 20 marks each. IA-1 is to
be conducted on approximately 40% of the syllabus completed and IA-2 will be
based on remaining contents (approximately 40% syllabus but excluding
contents covered in IA-I). Duration of each test shall be one hour. Average of the
two tests will be considered as IA marks.
48 of 76
Subject Subject Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
ECC404 Signals and 03 -- 01 03 -- 01 04
Systems
Course pre-requisite:
Course objectives:
1. To introduce students to the idea of signal and system analysis and characterization in time and
frequency domain.
2. To provide foundation of signal and system concepts to areas like communication, control and
comprehend applications of signal processing in communication systems.
Course outcomes:
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Module Unit Topics Hrs.
No. No.
1.0 Introduction to signals and systems 06
1.1 Introduction to Signals: Definition, Basic Elementary
signals - exponential, sine, step, impulse, ramp,
rectangular, triangular. Operations on signals.
Classification of Signals: analog and discrete time
signals, even and odd signals, periodic and non-periodic
signals , deterministic and non-deterministic signals,
energy and power signals.
1.2 Systems and Classification of systems: System
Representation, continuous time and discrete systems,
system with and without memory, causal and non-causal
system, linear and nonlinear system, time invariant and
time variant system, stable system.
2.0 Time domain analysis of Continuous Time and Discrete 07
Time systems
2.1 Linear Time Invariant (LTI) systems: Representation of
systems using differential /difference equation, Impulse,
step and exponential response, System Stability and
Causality.
2.2 Use of convolution integral and convolution sum for
analysis of LTI systems, properties of convolution
integral/sum, impulse response of interconnected systems.
2.3 Correlation and spectral Density: auto-correlation, cross
correlation, analogy between correlation and convolution,
energy spectral density, power spectral density, relation of
ESD and PSD with auto-correlation.
3.0 Fourier Analysis of Continuous and Discrete Time 07
Signals and Systems
3.1 Fourier transform of periodic and non-periodic functions,
Properties of Fourier Transform, Inverse Fourier Transform,
Frequency Response: computation of Magnitude and
Phase Response, Limitations of Fourier Transform.
4.0 Laplace Transform and Continuous time LTI systems 05
4.1 Need of Laplace Transform, Concept of Region of
Convergence, Properties of Laplace Transform, Relation
between continuous time Fourier Transform and Laplace
Transform, unilateral Laplace Transform, inverse Laplace
Transform.
4.2 Analysis of continuous time LTI systems using Laplace
Transform: Causality and stability of systems in s-domain,
Total response of a system.
5.0 z-Transform and Discrete time LTI systems 07
5.1 Need of z-Transform, z-Transform of finite and infinite
duration sequences, Concept of Region of Convergence, z-
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Transform properties, Standard z-transform pairs, relation
between z-transform and discrete time Fourier Transform,
one sided z-Transform. Inverse z-Transform: Partial
Fraction method only.
5.2 Analysis of discrete time LTI systems using z-
Transform: Systems characterized by Linear constant
coefficient difference equation, Transfer Function, plotting
Poles and Zeros of a transfer function , causality and
stability of systems, Total response of a system.
6.0 FIR and IIR systems 04
6.1 Concept of finite impulse response systems and infinite
impulse response systems, Linear Phase FIR systems.
6.2 Realization structures of LTI system: Direct form –I and
direct form II, Linear Phase FIR structures.
Total 36
Text books:
1. Nagoor Kani, Signals and Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, Third Edition, 2011.
2. Rodger E Ziemer, William H. Tranter and D. Ronald Fannin, Signals and
Systems, Pearson Education, Fourth Edition 2009.
3. Alan V. Oppenhiem, Alan S. Willsky and S. Hamid Nawab, Signals and
Systems, Prentice-Hall of India, Second Edition, 2002.
4. Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen, Signals and Systems, John Wiley and
Sons, Second Edition, 2004.
Reference books:
1) Hwei. P Hsu, Signals and Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, Third edition, 2010
2) Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen, Signals and Systems, John Wiley and Sons,
Second Edition, 2004.
3) V. Krishnaveni and A. Rajeshwari, Signals and Systems, Wiley-India, First Edition
2012.
4) Michael J Roberts, Fundamentals of Signals and systems, Tata McGraw Hill, special
Indian Economy edition, 2009.
5) Luis F. Chaparro, Signals and Systems Using MATLAB, Academic Press
6) Rangaraj M. Rangayyan, “Biomedical Signal Analysis- A Case Study Approach”,
Wiley 2002.
7) Signals and Systems Laboratory: Virtual Laboratory http://ssl-iitg.vlabs.ac.in/
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Teachers and students are encouraged to use Signals and Systems Laboratory:
Virtual Laboratory (Reference number 8) for demonstration of concepts such as
systems and their properties, Fourier analysis etc.
Internal Assessment (IA) consists of two class tests of 20 marks each. IA-1 is to be
conducted on approximately 40% of the syllabus completed and IA-2 will be based on
remaining contents (approximately 40% syllabus but excluding contents covered in IA-I).
Duration of each test shall be one hour. Average of the two tests will be considered as IA
marks.
At least 06 Tutorials covering entire syllabus and 01 course project must be given during the
“Class Wise Tutorial”.
Students can form team of maximum 4 members and work on course project using any
software viz. C, Python, Scilab, Matlab, Octave, etc. The course project should be
appropriately selected in order to demonstrate any concept learnt in this course.
03-hours (out of the total 12-hours allotted for the tutorials) can be utilized for the course
project completion.
Term work assessment must be based on the overall performance of the student with every
tutorial and a course project graded from time to time. The grades will be converted to marks
as per “Credit and Grading System” manual and should be added and averaged. Based on
above scheme grading and term work assessment should be done.
52 of 76
Subject Subject Name Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutori Theory Practic Tutorial Total
al al
ECC405 Principles of 03 -- -- 03 -- -- 03
Communication
Engineering
Course Pre-requisite:
Course Objectives:
Course Outcomes:
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Module Unit Topics Hours
No. No.
1 Basics of Communication System 04
1.1 Block diagram, electromagnetic spectrum, signal bandwidth and 02
power, types of communication channels, Introduction to time and
frequency domain. Basic concepts of wave propagation.
1.2 Types of noise, signal to noise ratio, noise figure, noise temperature 02
and Friss formula.
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Textbooks:
1. Kennedy and Davis, "Electronics Communication System", Tata McGraw Hill, Fourth
edition.
2. B.P. Lathi, Zhi Ding "Modern Digital and Analog Communication system", Oxford
University Press, Fourth edition.
3. Wayne Tomasi, "Electronics Communication Systems", Pearson education, Fifth
edition.
Reference Books:
Internal Assessment (IA) consists of two class tests of 20 marks each. IA-1 is to
be conducted on approximately 40% of the syllabus completed and IA-2 will be
based on remaining contents (approximately 40% syllabus but excluding
contents covered in IA-I). Duration of each test shall be one hour. Average of the
two tests will be considered as IA marks.
55 of 76
Course Course Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name (Hrs.)
ECL401 Micro- - 2 - - 1 - 1
controllers
Lab
Course Objectives:
Course Outcomes:
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Suggested Experiment List:
1. Perform Arithmetic and Logical Operations ( Using Immediate, Direct and Indirect addressing)
2. Code Conversion
3. Transfer of data bytes between Internal and External Memory
4. Experiments based on General Purpose Input-Output, Timers, Interrupts, Delay, etc
5. Interfacing of Matrix Key board, LED, 7 Segment display, LCD, Stepper Motor, UART
At Least 10 experiment Minimum two from each category of above list must be given during the
Laboratory session batch wise. Computation/simulation based experiments are also encouraged.
Before starting the experiments there should be one session on Study of development tools like Editor,
Assembler-cross Assembler, Compiler-Cross compiler, Linker, Simulator, emulator etc.
Mini project based on 8051 derivatives, PIC, AVR & other 8 bit microcontrollers using Assembly and/
or C language. (Readymade of Arduino & raspberry pi are not recommended here)
The experiments should be students centric and attempt should be made to make experiments more
meaningful, interesting and innovative. Application oriented one mini-project can be conducted for
maximum batch of four students.
Term work assessment must be based on the overall performance of the student with every
experiments/tutorials and mini-projects (if included) are graded from time to time. The grades will be
converted to marks as per “Choice Based Credit and Grading System” manual and should be
added and averaged. Based on above scheme grading and term work assessment should be done.
57 of 76
Course Course Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
ECL402 Linear -- 02 -- -- 01 -- 01
Integrated
Circuits
Course Outcomes:
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Laboratory Plan:
Term work assessment must be based on the overall performance of the student with
every experiments/tutorials and mini-projects are graded from time to time.
59 of 76
Course Course Name Teaching Scheme
Credits Assigned
Code (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
Principles of
ECL403 Communication -- 02 -- -- 01 -- 01
Engineering Lab
Course Pre-requisites:
Course Objectives:
Course Outcomes:
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Suggested list of Experiments:
Sr. Title
No
1 Generation of AM modulation and demodulation.
2 Analyze waveforms at various stages of SSB system.
3 Generation of FM modulation and demodulation.
4 Analyze the output waveforms of each block of AM transmitter /receiver
5 Analyze the output waveforms of each block of FM transmitter /receiver
6 Design and implement Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis circuit.
7 Verification of sampling theorem.
8 Generation of PAM modulation and demodulation.
9 Generation of PWM and PPM modulation and demodulation.
10 Demonstrate Digital pulse transmission technique (PCM)
11 Demonstrate Digital pulse transmission technique (DM,ADM)
12 Observation of TDM multiplexing and de-multiplexing signals.
13 Observation of FDM multiplexing and de-multiplexing signals.
The experiments should be students centric and attempt should be made to make experiments
more meaningful, interesting and application oriented. Signal should be analyzed in time and
frequency domain.
Term work assessment must be based on the overall performance of the student with every
Experiments are graded from time to time.
The grades will be converted to marks as per “Credit and Grading System” manual and
should be added and averaged. Based on the above scheme grading and term work
assessment should be done.
The practical and oral examination will be based on entire syllabus. Students are encouraged to
share their experiments codes on online repository. Practical exam slip should cover all 10
experiments for examination.
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Subject Subject Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
ECL404 Skill Lab: - 04 -- -- 02 -- 02
Python
Programming
NOTE: Necessary theory part should be taught by the teacher at the beginning of the laboratory
session.
Course pre-requisite:
Course Objectives:
Course Outcomes:
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Module Unit Topics Hrs.
No. No.
1.0 Introduction to Python 5
1.1 Introduction to Python, Installation and resources, Identifiers and Keywords,
Comments, Indentation and Multi-lining, Variables (Local and Global), data
types, Arithmetic, Comparative, Logical and Identity Operators, Bitwise
Operators, Expressions, Print statement and Formats, Input Statements in
python
1.2 Strings, Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries, Sets, Accessing Elements, Properties,
Operations and methods on these data structures.
1.3 Decision Flow Control Statement: if and else statement, Nested If statement,
Loop Statement: While Loop, do and while loop, for loop statement,
Continue, Break and pass Statement, Conditional Statements
2.0 Functions and File I/O Handling 6
2.1 Functions: Built-in-functions, library functions, Defining and calling the
functions, Return statements, Passing the arguments, Lambda Functions,
Recursive functions, Modules and importing packages in python code.
2.2 File Input/Output: Files I/O operations, Read / Write Operations, File
Opening Modes, with keywords, Moving within a file, Manipulating files and
directories, OS and SYS modules.
3.0 Object Oriented Programming 8
3.1 Classes and Objects, Public and Private Members, Class Declaration and
Object Creation, Object Initialization, Class Variables and methods,
Accessing Object and Class Attributes.
3.2 Intricacies of Classes and Objects, Inheritance, Constructor in Inheritance,
Exception Handling, Link list, Stack, Queues.
4.0 Graphical User Interface and Image processing 8
4.1 Graphical User Interface using Tkinter Library module, creating simple GUI;
Buttons, Labels, entry fields, widget attributes.
4.2 Database: Sqilite database connection, Create, Append, update, delete
records from database using GUI.
4.3 Basic Image Processing using OpenCV library, simple image manipulation
using image module.
5.0 Numpy, Pandas, Matplotlib, Seaborn, Scipy 10
5.1 Introduction to Numpy, Creating and Printing Ndarray, Class and Attributes
of Ndarray, Basic operation, Copy and view, Mathematical Functions of
Numpy.
5.2 Introduction to Pandas, Understanding Dataframe, View and Select Data,
Missing Values, Data Operations, File read and write operation.
5.3 Introduction to Matplotlib library, Line properties, Plots and subplots, Types
of Plots, Introduction to Seaborn.
5.4 Introduction to Scipy, Scipy Sub packages – Integration and Optimization,
Eigen values and Eigen Vectors, Statistic, Weave and IO.
6.0 Python Applications 10
6.1 GUI based applications
6.2 Applications in Image Processing, Networking
6.3 Machine Learning, Linear Regression, Logistic Regression
6.4 Classification using K nearest neighbor,
6.5 Support Vector Machines
Total 48
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Text Books:
1. Yashavant Kanetkar, “Let us Python: Python is Future, Embrace it fast”, BPB Publications; 1
edition (8 July 2019).
2. Dusty Phillips, “Python 3 object-oriented Programming”, Second Edition PACKT Publisher
August 2015.
3. John Grayson, “Python and Tkinter Programming”, Manning Publications (1 March 1999).
4. Core Python Programming, Dr. R. Nageswara Rao, Dreamtech Press
5. Beginning Python: Using Python 2.6 and Python 3.1. James Payne, Wrox publication
6. Introduction to computing and problem solving using python , E Balagurusamy, McGraw Hill
Education.
7. Zed A. Shaw, “Learn Python the Hard Way: A Very Simple Introduction to the Terrifyingly
Beautiful World of Computers and Code”, Addison Wesley; 3 edition (1 October 2013).
Reference Books:
1. Eric Matthes, “Python Crash Course A hands-on, Project Based Introduction to programming”
No Starch Press; 1 edition (8 December 2015).
2. Paul Barry, “Head First Python” O′Reilly; 2 edition (16 December 2016)
3. Andreas C. Mueller, “Introduction to Machine Learning with Python”, O′Reilly; 1 edition (7
October 2016)
4. David Beazley, Brian K. Jones, “Python Cookbook: Recipes for Mastering Python 3”, O'Reilly
Media; 3 edition (10 May 2013).
5. Bhaskar Chaudhary, “Tkinter GUI Application Development Blueprints: Master GUI
programming in Tkinter as you design, implement, and deliver 10 real world application”, Packt
Publishing (November 30, 2015)
Software Tools:
Online Repository:
1. Github
2. Python 3 Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/
3. "The Python Tutorial", http://docs.python.org/release/3.0.1/tutorial/
4. http://spoken-tutorial.org
5. Python 3 Tkinter library Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/tk.html
6. Numpy Documentation: https://numpy.org/doc/
7. Pandas Documentation: https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/
8. Matplotlib Documentation: https://matplotlib.org/3.2.1/contents.html
9. Scipy Documentation : https://www.scipy.org/docs.html
10. Machine Learning Algorithm Documentation: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/
11. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/106/106/106106182/
The following list of experiments and course project is for illustration purpose. Faculty
members are required to introduce their own innovative list of experiments based on above
curriculum.
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3. Write Python program to implement control structures.
4. Assume a suitable value for distance between two cities (in km).
Write a program to convert and print this distance in meters, feet,
inches and centimetre.
5. Write a program to carry out the following operations on the given
set
s = {10, 2, -3, 4, 5, 88}
a. Number of items in sets s
b. Maximum element in sets s
c. Minimum element in sets s
d. Sum of all elements in sets s
e. Obtain a new sorted set from s, set s remaining unchanged
f. Report whether 100 is an element of sets s
g. Report whether -3 is not an element of sets s.
2. 1. Write python program to understand different File handling Module 2
operations
2. Create 3 lists – a list of names, a list of ages and a list of salaries.
Generate and print a list of tuples containing name, age and salary
from the 3lists. From this list generate 3 tuples – one containing all
names, another containing all ages and third containing all salaries.
3. 1. Write Python program to implement classes, object, Static method Module 3
and inner class
2. If any integer is given as in input through the keyboard, write a
program to find whether it is odd or even number.
3. If ages of Ram, Shyam, and Ajay are given as an input through the
keyboard, write a program to determine the youngest of the three.
4. Write a program that prints square root and cube root of numbers
from 1 to 10, up to 4 decimal places. Ensure that the output is
displayed in separate lines, with number center-justified and square
and cube roots right-justified.
5. Write a program to find the factorial value of any number entered
through the keyboard.
6. Write a program that defines a function count_lower_upper( ) that
accepts a string and calculates the number of uppercase and
lowercase alphabets in it. It should return these values as a dictionary.
Call this function for some sample strings.
7. A 5-digit positive integer is entered through the keyboard, write a
recursive function to calculate sum of digits of 5-digit number.
4. 1. Write Python program to create, append, update, delete records Module 4
from database using GUI.
2. Write Python program to obtain histogram of any image
3. Write Python Program to split color image in R,G,B and obtain
individual histograms.
4.Write Python program for histogram equalization
5 Write Python Program for edge detection
6. Write Python Program for image segmentation
7. Write Python program to implement GUI Canvas application using
Tkinter
8. Write Python program to implement GUI Frame application using
Tkinter
5. 1. Write Python program to study define, edit arrays and perform Module 5
arithmetic operations.
2. Write python program to study selection, indexing, merging, joining,
concatenation in data frames
3. Evaluate the dataset containing the GDPs of different countries to:
a. Find and print the name of the country with the highest GDP
b. Find and print the name of the country with the lowest GDP
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c. Print text and input values iteratively
d. Print the entire list of the countries with their GDPs
e. Print the highest GDP value, lowest GDP value, mean GDP
value, standardized GDP value, and the sum of all the GDPs
4. Analyze the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) dataset using Pandas
to do the following:
a. a. View: aircraft make name, state name, aircraft model name,
text information, flight phase, event description type,
b. fatal flag
c. b. Clean the dataset and replace the fatal flag NaN with “No”.
d. c. Find the aircraft types and their occurrences in the dataset
e. d. Remove all the observations where aircraft names are not
available
f. Display the observations where fatal flag is “Yes”
5. Analyze the “auto mpg data” and draw a pair plot using seaborn
library for mpg, weight, and origin.
(a) Origin: This dataset was taken from the StatLib library maintained
at Carnegie Mellon University.
Number of Instances: 398
Number of Attributes: 9 including the class attribute
Attribute Information:
mpg: continuous
cylinders: multi-valued discrete
displacement: continuous
horsepower: continuous
weight: continuous
acceleration: continuous
model year: multi-valued discrete
origin: multi-valued discrete
car name: string (unique for each instance)
5. Write python program to use SciPy to solve a linear algebra
problem.
6. There is a test with 30 questions worth 150 marks. The test has
two types of questions: 1. True or false – carries 4 marks each
2. Multiple-choice – carries 9 marks each. Find the number of true
or false and multiple-choice questions.
6. 1. Write python program to study linear regression Module 6
2. Write python program to study multiple linear regression
3. Write python program to study logistic regression
4. Write python program to study Support Vector Machine
5. Write python program to study decision tree algorithm
6. Write python program to study two-way communication between
client and server.
7. Write Python Program to study image morphological operations.
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Note:
1. Use of free cloud service such as Google Colab to run python scripts is encouraged.
2. Necessary theory part should be taught by the teacher at the beginning of the laboratory session.
At least 12 experiments and 01 course project should be performed. Term work assessment must
be based on the overall performance of the student with every experiment and project graded from
time-to-time. The grades will be converted to marks as per “Credit and Grading System” manual and
should be added and averaged. Based on above scheme grading and term work assessment should
be done.
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Course Course Name Examination Scheme
Code
Theory Marks Term Practical Total
Work
Internal assessment End And Oral
Sem.
Test1 Test2 Avg. Of
Exam
Test1
and
Test2
ECM401 Mini Project 1B -- -- -- -- 25 25 50
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Students shall form a group of 3 to 4 students, while forming a group shall not be
allowed less than three or more than four students, as it is a group activity.
Students should do survey and identify needs, which shall be converted into
problem statement for mini project in consultation with faculty supervisor/head of
department/internal committee of faculties.
Students shall submit implementation plan in the form of Gantt/PERT/CPM chart,
which will cover weekly activity of mini project.
A log book to be prepared by each group, wherein group can record weekly work
progress, guide/supervisor can verify and record notes/comments.
Faculty supervisor may give inputs to students during mini project activity;
however, focus shall be on self-learning.
Students in a group shall understand problem effectively, propose multiple
solution and select best possible solution in consultation with guide/ supervisor.
Students shall convert the best solution into working model using various
components of their domain areas and demonstrate.
The solution to be validated with proper justification and report to be compiled in
standard format of University of Mumbai.
With the focus on the self-learning, innovation, addressing societal problems and
entrepreneurship quality development within the students through the Mini
Projects, it is preferable that a single project of appropriate level and quality to be
carried out in two semesters by all the groups of the students. i.e. Mini Project 1
in semester III and IV. Similarly, Mini Project 2 in semesters V and VI.
However, based on the individual students or group capability, with the mentor’s
recommendations, if the proposed Mini Project adhering to the qualitative aspects
mentioned above gets completed in odd semester, then that group can be
allowed to work on the extension of the Mini Project with suitable improvements/
modifications or a completely new project idea in even semester. This policy can
be adopted on case by case basis.
Guidelines for Assessment of Mini Project:
Term Work
The review/ progress monitoring committee shall be constituted by head of
departments of each institute. The progress of mini project to be evaluated
on continuous basis, minimum two reviews in each semester.
In continuous assessment focus shall also be on each individual student,
assessment based on individual’s contribution in group activity, their
understanding and response to questions.
Distribution of Term work marks for both semesters shall be as below;
o Marks awarded by guide/supervisor based on log book : 10
o Marks awarded by review committee : 10
o Quality of Project report : 05
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One-year project:
Half-year project:
In this case in one semester students’ group shall complete project in all
aspects including,
o Identification of need/problem
o Proposed final solution
o Procurement of components/systems
o Building prototype and testing
Two reviews will be conducted for continuous assessment,
First shall be for finalisation of problem and proposed solution
Second shall be for implementation and testing of solution.
In one year, project, first semester evaluation may be based on first six
criteria’s and remaining may be used for second semester evaluation of
performance of students in mini project.
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In case of half year project all criteria’s in generic may be considered for
evaluation of performance of students in mini project.
Guidelines for Assessment of Mini Project Practical/Oral Examination:
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Subject Subject Teaching Scheme Credits Assigned
Code Name (Hrs.)
Theory Practical Tutorial Theory Practical Tutorial Total
ECM401 Mini-Project - 04$ -- -- 02 -- 02
1B: Arduino
& Raspberry
Pi based
Projects
$ indicates work load of Learner (Not Faculty), for Mini Project 1B. Faculty Load: 1 hour per week
per four groups.
Course pre-requisite:
1. ECM301 – Mini-Project 1A
2. ECL304 – C++ and Java Programming
3. ECC302 – Electronic Devices and Circuit
Course Objectives:
1. To make students familiar with the basics of Electronics, Microcontroller, Arduino board, Raspberry
Pi, Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) and Python programming.
2. To familiarize the students with the programming and interfacing of different devices with Arduino
and Raspberry Pi Board.
3. To increase students critical thinking ability and provide solutions to some real time problems.
Course Outcomes:
1. Write basic codes for the Arduino board using the IDE for utilizing the onboard resources.
2. Apply the knowledge of interfacing different devices to the Arduino board to accomplish a given
task.
3. Design Arduino based projects for a given problem.
4. Write code using python language using IDE for utilizing the onboard resources.
5. Apply the knowledge of interfacing different devices to raspberry Pi board to accomplish a given
task.
6. Design Raspberry Pi based projects for a given problem.
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Experiment Unit
Section A: Arduino Board Hrs.
No. No.
EX.1.0 Introduction to Arduino Board 02
1.1 Introduction to Arduino Uno board and integrated development environment
(IDE
1 Write the code for blinking the on board led with a specified delay
Apparatus Requirement: Hardware: Arduino Board LED, Software: Arduino IDE Software.
EX.2.0 GPIO (along with Analog pin) Programming 03
2.1 Introduction to programming GPIO, Analog and PWM PINS.
1 Interface any Digital Sensors to the Arduino board and display sensor values
on serial Monitor.
2 Interface any Analog sensor to the Arduino board and display sensor values
on serial Monitor.
3. Generate varying duty cycle PWM using Arduino.
EX.3.0 Controlling output devices/Displaying 03
3.1 Introduction to different sensor (Analog and Digital), Relays, Motors and
display.
1 Interface an Analog Sensors to the Arduino board and display sensor values
on LCD/TFT/Seven segment Display.
2 Interface a temperature sensor to Arduino and switch on a relay to operate a
fan if temperature exceeds given threshold. Also display the temperature on
any of the display device
EX.4.0 Interfacing Communication Devices and Cloud Networking 04
4.1 Introduction to Bluetooth, Zigbee, RFID and WIFI, specifications and
interfacing methods.
1 Interface Wi-Fi /Bluetooth/GSM/Zigbee/RF module to Arduino and program it
to transfer sensor data wirelessly between two devices. Any two techniques
from the above-mentioned modules needs to be interfaced.
5.0 Sample Projects 10
1. Waste Management System
2. Smart City Solutions
3. Energy Monitoring Systems
4. Smart Classrooms and learning Solutions
5. Home security systems
6. Smart Agriculture solutions
7. Healthcare solutions.
8. Industrial Applications
9. IoT Applications
10. Robotics
Section ‘A’ Total Hrs. 22
Experiment Unit
Section B: Raspberry Pi Hrs.
No. No.
EX.1.0 Introduction to Raspberry PI 02
1.1 What is Raspberry PI? Downloading and Installation of NOOBS, First Power-
Up & Having a Look around, Introduction to the Shell and Staying updated.
1 Familiarization with Raspberry PI and perform necessary software installation.
Apparatus Requirement: Hardware: Raspberry PI Board, Memory of 16GB, Power
adapter, Memory Writer.
Software: NOOBS, Raspbian OS, Win32 disk Imager, SD-Formatter software.
EX.2.0 Interfacing with Input / Output Devices using Python 03
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2.1 Introduction to Python, Connecting to the outside World with GPIO.
1 To Interface LED/Buzzer with Raspberry PI and write a program to turn ON
LED for 1 sec after every 2 sec.
Apparatus Requirement: Raspberry PI with inbuilt Python Package, LED, Buzzer.
2 To interface Push Button / Digital Sensor (IR/LDR) with Raspberry PI and write
a program to turn ON LED when Push button is pressed or at sensor
detection.
Apparatus Requirement: Raspberry PI with inbuilt Python Package, Push Button
Switch, Digital Sensor (IR/LDR).
3. To interface analog sensor using MCP 3008 analog to digital converter chip.
Apparatus Requirement: Raspberry PI with inbuilt Python Package, analog sensor,
MCP 3008 chip.
EX.3.0 Interfacing Temperature Sensor, Motors, Display Devices. 03
3.1 Introduction to Temperature sensor (Analog and Digital), Relays, Motors (DC,
Stepper) and Driver circuits.
1 To interface DHT11 sensor with Raspberry PI and write a program to print
temperature and humidity readings.
Apparatus Requirement: Raspberry PI with inbuilt Python Package, DTH11 Sensor.
2 To interface motor using relay with Raspberry PI and write a program to turn
ON motor when push button is pressed.
Apparatus Requirement: Raspberry PI with inbuilt Python Package, Relays, Motor
Driver, Motors.
3 To interface OLED with Raspberry PI and write a program to print temperature
and humidity readings on it.
Apparatus Requirement: Raspberry PI with inbuilt Python Package, OLED display
device.
EX.4.0 Interfacing Communication Devices and Cloud Networking 04
4.1 Introduction to Bluetooth, Zigbee, RFID and WIFI, specifications and
interfacing methods.
1 To interface Bluetooth/Zigbee/RFID/WiFI with Raspberry PI and write a
program to send sensor data to smartphone using
Bluetooth/Zigbee/RFID/WIFI. (Any one can be used for performing)
Apparatus Requirement: Raspberry PI with inbuilt Python Package,
Bluetooth/Zigbee/RFID/WIFI.
2 Introduction to Cloud computing, different types cloud networks and
interconnection using Raspberry PI
3 Write a program on Raspberry PI to upload temperature and humidity data
from thingspeak cloud.
Apparatus Requirement: Raspberry PI with inbuilt Python Package, Cloud networks
such as thingspeak (open source), AWS, Azure, etc. anyone can be used for
understanding purpose and building projects.
EX.5.0 Understanding of Communication Protocols 04
5.1 Introduction to MQTT, IFTTT protocols and configuration steps.
1 Write a program on Raspberry PI to publish temperature data to MQTT broker
2 Write a program on Raspberry Pi to subscribe to MQTT broker for temperature
data and print it.
3 Configuration of Webserver using Raspberry PI.
6.0 Sample Projects 10
1. MQTT Based Raspberry Pi Home Automation: Controlling Raspberry Pi GPIO
using MQTT Cloud
2. License Plate Recognition using Raspberry Pi and OpenCV
3. Real Time Face Recognition with Raspberry Pi and OpenCV
4. Smart Garage Door Opener using Raspberry Pi
5. Remote Controlled Car Using Raspberry Pi and Bluetooth
6. Fingerprint Sensor based door locking system using Raspberry Pi
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7. Raspberry Pi Ball Tracking Robot using Processing
8. Web Controlled Home Automation using Raspberry Pi
9. Line Follower Robot using Raspberry Pi
10. Raspberry Pi based Smart Phone Controlled Home Automation
11. Web Controlled Raspberry Pi Surveillance Robotic Car
12. Raspberry Pi Based Weight Sensing Automatic Gate
13. Raspberry Pi Emergency Light with Darkness and AC Power Line Off Detector
14. Detecting Colors using Raspberry Pi and Color Sensor TCS3200
15. Measure Distance using Raspberry Pi and HCSR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
16. Call and Text using Raspberry Pi and GSM Module
17. Raspberry Pi Home Security System with Email Alert
18. Raspberry Pi Based Obstacle Avoiding Robot using Ultrasonic Sensor
19. Web Controlled Notice Board using Raspberry Pi
20. RF Remote Controlled LEDs Using Raspberry Pi
21. RFID and Raspberry Pi Based Attendance System
22. Raspberry Pi Interactive Led-Mirror
23. Garage Door monitor using Raspberry Pi
24. Raspberry Pi Digital Code Lock on Breadboard
25. Electronic Voting Machine using Raspberry Pi
Section ‘B’ Total Hrs. 26
Total A + B 48
Reference Books:
1. Simon Monk, “Hacking Electronic: Learning Arduino and Raspberry Pi”, McGraw-
Hill Education TAB; 2 edition (September 28, 2017)
2. Simon Monk, “Raspberry PI Cookbook Software and Hardware Problems and
Solutions” O’Reilly 2nd Edition
3. Simon Monk, Programming the Raspberry Pi, 2nd Edition: Getting Started with
Python” The McGraw Hill
4. “DK Workbooks: Raspberry Pi Project Workbook”, DK Children; Workbook edition
(March 7, 2017)
5. Donald Norris, “Raspberry Pi Electronic Projects for Evil Genius”, McGraw-Hill
Education TAB; 1 edition (May 20, 2016)
Software Tools:
Online Repository:
1. GitHub
2. NPTEL Videos on Raspberry Pi and Arduino Programming
3. https://www.electronicsforu.com/raspberry-pi-projects
4. https://circuitdigest.com/simple-raspberry-pi-projects-for-beginners
5. https://www.electronicshub.org/raspberry-pi-projects/
6. Spoken Tutorial Project-IIT Bombay: https://spoken-tutorial.org/tutorial-
search/?search_foss=Arduino&search_language=English
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7. Teachers are recommended to use a free online simulation platform “Tinkercad” for
the simulation of Arduino based circuits before the students implement it in the
hardware: https://www.tinkercad.com/
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