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Introduction To Data Models: Dr. Jenila Livingston L.M. Scse

This document introduces several common data models: - The relational model organizes data into two-dimensional tables called relations that can be related to each other. - The entity-relationship model models an enterprise as entities with attributes and relationships between entities, represented in diagrams. - The hierarchical model organizes data in an inverted tree structure with one parent and multiple children. - The network model organizes entities in a graph structure where entities can be accessed through multiple paths. - The object-oriented model keeps advantages of the relational model while allowing structured data to be accessed as objects with attributes and relationships.

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91 views13 pages

Introduction To Data Models: Dr. Jenila Livingston L.M. Scse

This document introduces several common data models: - The relational model organizes data into two-dimensional tables called relations that can be related to each other. - The entity-relationship model models an enterprise as entities with attributes and relationships between entities, represented in diagrams. - The hierarchical model organizes data in an inverted tree structure with one parent and multiple children. - The network model organizes entities in a graph structure where entities can be accessed through multiple paths. - The object-oriented model keeps advantages of the relational model while allowing structured data to be accessed as objects with attributes and relationships.

Uploaded by

bhumika.verma00
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO

DATA MODELS
Presentation by
Dr. Jenila Livingston L.M.
SCSE
Data Models
• A collection of tools for describing
– Data
– Data relationships
– Data semantics
– Data constraints
Data Models - Types
• Relational model
• Entity-Relationship data model (mainly
for database design)
• Network model
• Hierarchical model
• Object-based data models (Object-
oriented and Object-relational)
• Distributed model
Relational Model
In the relational model, data is organized in two-dimensional
tables called relations. The tables or relations are, however,
related to each other, as we will see shortly.

An example of the relational model representing a university


14.4
Relational Model
• Example of tabular data in the relational model
Columns

Rows
A Sample Relational Database
The Entity-Relationship Model
• Models an enterprise as a collection of entities and
relationships
– Entity: a “thing” or “object” in the enterprise that is
distinguishable from other objects
• Described by a set of attributes
– Relationship: an association among several entities

• Represented diagrammatically by an entity-relationship


diagram:
simple E-R diagram with three entity sets, their attributes and the
relationship between the entity sets.

Entities, attributes and relationships in an E-R diagram


14.8
Hierarchical Model
In the hierarchical model, data is organized as an inverted
tree. Each entity has only one parent but can have several
children. At the top of the hierarchy, there is one entity,
which is called the root.

An example of the hierarchical model representing a university


14.9
Network Model
In the network model, the entities are organized in a graph,
in which some entities can be accessed through several paths

An example of the network model representing a university


14.10
Object Oriented Model
An object-oriented database tries to keep the advantages of
the relational model and at the same time allows applications
to access structured data. In an object-oriented database,
objects and their relations are defined. In addition, each
object can have attributes that can be expressed as fields.

XML
The query language normally used for objected-oriented
databases is XML (Extensible Markup Language).
XML was originally designed to add markup information to
text documents, but it has also found its application as a
query language in databases. XML can represent data with
nested structures.
14.11
Distributed Model

The distributed database model is not a new model,


but is based on the relational model. However, the
data is stored on several computers that
communicate through the Internet or a private
wide area network.

Each computer (or site) maintains either part of the


database or the whole database.

14.12
Thank You

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