Product Life Cycle Management (15ME835) 2019-20

BANGALORE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution)
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Product Life Cycle Management

(15ME835)

Syllabus & Scheme 02

Module Wise Questions 05

Very Important Questions 08

Model Question Paper-1 with Answers 11

Model Question Paper-2 with Answers 35

Prepared By: Mr. Sunil Kumar M

Assistant Professor

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Product Life Cycle Management (15ME835) 2019-20

Syllabus & Scheme

Product Life Cycle Management

B.E, VIII Semester, Mechanical Engineering
[As per Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) scheme]

Assessment
Course Code Credits L-T-P Exam Duration
SEE CIA

Product Life Cycle

15ME835 3 3-0-0 80 20 3 Hrs
Management

Course Objectives:
This course enables students to
1. Familiarize with various strategies of PLM
2. Understand the concept of product design and simulation.
3. Develop New product development ,product structure and supporting systems
4. Interpret the technology forecasting and product innovation and development in
business processes.
5. Understand product building and Product Configuration.
Module I
Introduction to PLM & PDM
Introduction to PLM, Need for PLM, opportunities and benefits of PLM, different views of
PLM, components of PLM, phases of PLM, PLM feasibility study. PLM Strategies, strategy
elements, its identification, selection and implementation. Product Data Management,
implementation of PDM systems. 08 Hours

Module II
Product Design
Engineering design, organization and decomposition in product design, product design process,
methodical evolution in product design, concurrent engineering, design for ‘X’ and design
central development model. Strategies for recovery at end of life, recycling, human factors in
product design. Modelling and simulation in product 08 Hours

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Module III
Product Development
New Product Development, Structuring new product development, building decision support
system, Estimating market opportunities for new product, new product financial control,
implementing new product development, market entry decision, launching and tracking new
product program. Concept of redesign of product. 08 Hours

Module IV
Technology Forecasting
Technological change, methods of technology forecasting, relevance trees, morphological
methods, flow diagram and combining forecast of technologies Integration of technological
product innovation and product development in business processes within enterprises, methods
and tools in the innovation process according to the situation, methods and tools in the
innovation process according to the situation. 08 Hours

Module V
PRODUCT BUILDING AND STRUCTURES
Virtual product development tools for components, machines, and manufacturing plants: 3D
CAD systems, digital mock-up, model building, model analysis, production (process) planning,
and product data technology, Product structures: Variant management, product configuration,
material master data, product description data, Data models, Life cycles of individual items,
status of items. 08 Hours

Course outcomes:
1. Explain the various strategies of PLM and Product Data Management
2. Describe decomposition of product design and model simulation
3. Apply the concept of New Product Development and its structuring.
4. Analyze the technological forecasting and the tools in the innovation.
5. Apply the virtual product development and model analysis

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Text Books:
1. Stark, John. Product Lifecycle Management: Paradigm for 21st Century ProductRealisation,
Springer-Verlag, 2004. ISBN 1852338105
2.Fabio Giudice, Guido La Rosa, Product Design for the environment-A life cycle approach,
Taylor & Francis 2006

Reference Books:
1. Saaksvuori Antti / ImmonenAnselmie, product Life Cycle Management
Springer,Dreamtech,3-540-25731-4
2. Product Lifecycle Management, Michael Grieves, Tata McGraw Hill

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Module Wise Questions

Sub: Product Life Cycle Management Sem : VIII
Sub code: 15ME835 Name of the Faculty : Mr. Sunil Kumar M

Module-1
1. Define PLM. List and explain the different phases of product life cycle management.
2. What is PLM strategy? Explain.
3. List the benefits of PLM.
4. Sketch and explain the PLM has a holistic approach to the management of a product
5. List and explain the various opportunities of PLM.
6. What do you mean by PLM feasibility study? Explain
7. Define the components of PLM and explain phases of PLM.
8. Explain the impact of strategy with a graph.
9. State the purpose of conducting PLM feasible study.
10. Explain the importance of PDM system.
11. Explain the components of Product Data Management.
12. Discuss the SWOT analysis employed in selecting PLM strategy.
13. What is a PDM system? What are the basic components of a PDM system?
14. Explain the reason for implementing PDM system.
15. Explain the financial justification of implementing PDM system.
16. PDM is an essential enable for PLM, justify
17. With reason justify the need for implementing PDM system.

Module-2

1. What is Engineering design? Explain.

2. Sketch and explain Product Design Process.
3. List the benefits of a good product design.
4. List the objectives of a good product design.
5. Discuss the various steps involved in engineering design. Explain with an Example?
6. List the advantages and disadvantages of concurrent engineering in product design.
7. Discuss the role of concurrent engineering in product design and development.
8. Discuss the different guidelines to be followed during design for manufacturing.

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9. Discuss the various strategies for recovery at End of Product Life.

10. What is product recycling. Discuss the benefits of Product recycling.
11. Sketch and explain recovery strategy at end of life.
12. Briefly discuss the various human factors to be incorporated during product design.
13. Discuss the benefits of modelling and simulation in product design.
14. Discuss the various strategies for recovery at End of Product Life.
15. Explain the Human factors to be considered in product design
16. Sketch and explain the comparison between sequential and concurrent engineering in
product development process
17. List and explain the most common DFX techniques used in product design and
development process

Module-3

1. Sketch and explain the various activities of new product development.

2. How do you estimate the market potential of a new product? Explain.
3. What is decision support system? How it is helpful in Decision making Explain.
4. With the aid of a flow chart explain the process of launching and tracking of a new
product
5. Explain the reasons for New Product Development.
6. List the benefits & steps involved in a New Product Development.
7. Explain the different stages in NPD.
8. What is decision support system (DSS). Discuss the components for building DSS.
9. Discuss the different models used in building a decision support system.
10. State the characteristics of a decision support system.
11. What are the different factors for estimating market opportunities for new product.
12. Discuss the steps involved in product redesign.
13. List the needs and benefits of product redesign.
14. List the steps involved in launching new product.
15. Explain the different financial control techniques involved in implementing new
product development.

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Module-4
1. Define Technology Forecasting. Explain why Technology Forecasting is important.
2. List and explain any one method of Technology Forecasting.
3. Sketch and explain the importance of “Relevance Tree” by taking Automobile as an
example.
4. Define technology change and its impact on society.
5. Discuss the relevance tree technique of forecasting with a suitable example.
6. Discuss the use of morphological analysis in technology forecasting.
7. What is the need for combining technology forecasting. Discuss the benefits involved.
8. Discuss the approach behind integrating technological product innovation &
development within enterprises.
9. Explain briefly a Delphi Technique & Scenario writing.
10. Explain briefly the growth curve.
11. List and explain the importance of ideation tools in the innovation process.

Module-5

1. What is Model building? How do you classify them? Explain.

2. Explain the following.
i) Product Structures ii) Digital mock-up
3. Sketch and explain the 3D CAD system.
4. Define Virtual Management.
5. Define the term Product configuration.
6. Discuss the life cycle of individual items.
7. Discuss the needs and benefits of Virtual Product development.
8. Discuss the role of 3D CAD system in virtual product development.
9. Explain the use of Digital Mock-up in product development.
10. Explain the techniques involved in solid modelling for building 3D models.
11. Explain the concept of CFG and b-rep in parametric modelling.
12. Discuss any two common techniques for analysing virtual product models.
13. Classify product data and briefly discuss product data technology.
14. Discuss the role of variant BOM in variant management approach.
15. Discuss the need for variant management tool in virtual product development.
16. Explain briefly the product configuration process.

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17. What is data model. Discuss the different types of data models stating their merits &
demerits.
18. Discuss life cycle of individual items.
19. State how the status of an item is identified in a virtual environment.
20. Briefly discuss the product data flow in virtual product development.

Most important questions in module-1

1. Define PLM. & benefits of PLM
2. What is PLM strategy? Explain.
3. List the benefits of PLM.
4. Sketch and explain the PLM has a holistic approach to the management of a product
5. List and explain the various opportunities of PLM.
6. What do you mean by PLM feasibility study? Explain
7. Define the components of PLM and explain phases of PLM.
8. Explain the impact of strategy with a graph.
9. State the purpose of conducting PLM feasible study.
10. Discuss the SWOT analysis employed in selecting PLM strategy.
11. What is a PDM system? What are the basic components of a PDM system?
12. Explain the reason for implementing PDM system.

Most important questions in module-2

1. What is Engineering design? Explain.
2. Sketch and explain Product Design Process with its benefits.
3. List the objectives of a good product design.
4. Discuss the various steps involved in engineering design. Explain with an Example.
5. Discuss the role of concurrent engineering in product design and development.
6. Discuss the various strategies for recovery at End of Product Life.
7. What is product recycling. Discuss the benefits of Product recycling.
8. Sketch and explain recovery strategy at end of life.
9. Briefly discuss the various human factors to be incorporated during product design.
10. Discuss the benefits of modelling and simulation in product design.
11. Discuss the various strategies for recovery at End of Product Life.
12. List and explain the most common DFX techniques used in product design and
development process

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Most important questions in module-3

1. Sketch and explain the various activities of new product development.

2. How do you estimate the market potential of a new product? Explain.
3. What is decision support system? How it is helpful in Decision making Explain.
4. With the aid of a flow chart explain the process of launching and tracking of a new
product
5. List the benefits & steps involved in a New Product Development.
6. Explain the different stages in NPD.
7. What is decision support system (DSS). Discuss the components for building DSS.
8. Discuss the different models used in building a decision support system.
9. State the characteristics of a decision support system.
10. What are the different factors for estimating market opportunities for new product.
11. Discuss the steps involved in product redesign.
12. List the steps involved in launching new product.

Most important questions in module-4

1. Define Technology Forecasting. Explain why Technology Forecasting is important.
2. List and explain any one method of Technology Forecasting.
3. Sketch and explain the importance of “Relevance Tree” by taking Automobile as an
example.
4. Define technology change and its impact on society.
5. Discuss the relevance tree technique of forecasting with a suitable example.
6. Discuss the use of morphological analysis in technology forecasting.
7. What is the need for combining technology forecasting. Discuss the benefits involved.
8. Discuss the approach behind integrating technological product innovation &
development within enterprises.
9. Explain briefly a Delphi Technique & Scenario writing.
10. Explain briefly the growth curve.

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Most important questions in module-5

1. What is Model building? How do you classify them? Explain.
2. Explain the following.
i) Product Structures ii) Digital mock-up
3. Sketch and explain the 3D CAD system.
4. Define Virtual Management.
5. Discuss the role of 3D CAD system in virtual product development.
6. Explain the use of Digital Mock-up in product development.
7. Explain the techniques involved in solid modelling for building 3D models.
8. Discuss any two common techniques for analysing virtual product models.
9. Classify product data and briefly discuss product data technology.
10. Discuss the role of variant BOM in variant management approach.
11. Discuss the need for variant management tool in virtual product development.
12. What is data model. Discuss the different types of data models stating their merits &
demerits.

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Model Question Paper-1 with Answers

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80

Note: Answer five full questions choosing one full question from each Module

1.a Define PLCM? Explain briefly the benefits of PLCM? 10M

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1.b Briefly explain the PLM Feasibility study 6M

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OR
2.a Define PDM system? Explain the benefits of PDM 6M

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2.b PDM AN ESSENTIAL ENABLER FOR PLM 10

M

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Module-2
3.a Benefits of a good product Design 5M
a) Attracts more customers thereby giving an organisation a credit well above
other competitors.
b) Become important in replacing obsolete designs.
c) Assures reliability with proven performance of product over the period of its
life span
d) Assured quality of product with guaranteed customer satisfaction.
e) Leads to standardization of processes, Product and its components leading to
interchangeability and better service.
f) Avoid product redesign there by reducing the time, costs, and labour involved
in redesign process
b. Define the objectives of a Product Design 5M
a) Satisfy customer needs & expectations, and maximize the value for the
customer for the minimum cost.
b) Product must be designed to be functional, attractive, have acceptable
dimensions & easy to maintain.
c) Product design should enable cost effective production of product through
available production methods and materials.
d) Should satisfy the quality standards of the end product.
e) Must enhance the revenues and competitiveness of the organisation in the
market.
f) Should satisfy the guidelines set by government and other regulatory bodies

c. Define product Recycling and its benefits 6M

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OR
4.a Explain clearly the concepts involved in organizing & decomposition in product design 10M

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Fig: Organising product design process

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Fig: Decomposition of a bicycle of a physical domain

b. List the advantages and disadvantages of concurrent engineering in product 6M

design and development

Advantages
a) The reduction in time to market helps in companies gain advantage over
their competitors.
b) Facilitates rapid response to fast-changing consumer demands
c) Improves product quality through enhanced design and manufacturing .
d) Reduced product design and development time, limits product redesign,
thereby allowing products to reach customers in less time and at less
cost.
e) Enhances productivity through early discovery of design related
problems, which can be rectified soon, rather than at a later stage in the
development process
f) Facilitates team work.
Dis-advantages
a) Requires effective computer system for data transfer and organizational
integration.
b) A minor mistake in any stage can impact all the stages/teams working
with the problems
c) Concurrent engineering can be effective if all the design activities are
performed in a parallel manner and the decision making among different
groups are integrated.
d) It requires effective collaboration and communication among the team
members .

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Module-3
5.a Define New Product Development & Discuss the need for New product development 10M

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b. Discuss the steps involved in New Product Development 6M

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OR
6.a What is Decision support system? Discuss the components for building Decision 10M
support system?

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b. State the characteristics of a Decision support system 6M

The following are the characteristics of a decision support system
a) Must provide support for both individual and group of decision marker
b) Must present information to the customer In a way that is easy to understand
c) Must include variant types of models
d) A good DSS should be able to respond quickly to the changing needs of
decision makers
e) DSS must be intended for repeated/routine use.
f) Must have programming capability to generate many types of reports, all
based on user specifications.
g) An ideal DSS should not be used to make automatic decisions, instead assist
and encourage people in an effective decision making process.

Module-4
7.a Define Technology Forecasting & its role in planning activities 10
M
Technology forecasting is a planning tool or technique applied to predict
the potential direction at which technology change is taking place, the rate of
technology advance, the effect of technological change on process, products
,market, society etc. prediction will be qualified, made through a specific logic,
and will estimate the timing and degree of change in technological parameters,
attributes, and capabilities. The forecast is not an attempt to state or predict how
these characteristics will be achieved, and also it is not oriented towards
profitability. Technological capability can be forecast to be available at some time
in future, although society may not necessarily want or need the capability. The
benefit and value of technology forecasting lie in its contribution to planning and
decision making.

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The following are the Role ( Benefits ) of Technology forecasting

a) Identified the limits beyond which it is not possible to plan activities
b) Establish a feasible rate of progress, so that the plan can be made to take
full advantage of such rates.
c) Describe the available alternatives and those which can be chosen from.
d) Indicate possibilities that might be achieved, if desired.
e) Furnish warning signals, which can alter the decision maker regarding
the impossibility continue present activities.
f) Provide a reference standard for the plan. The plan can thus be
compared with the forecast at any point in time to determine whether it
can still be fulfilled, because of change in forecast, it has to be changed
b. Write a short Note on a) Delphi Technique 6M
b) Scenario Writing
a) Delphi technique: The most popular forecasting tool in practice. The
technique makes use of a core group of experts to prepare questions
regarding the desirability of technology development, its feasibility and
impact, time frame, resource required etc., the questions later send
through the panel of experts in the relevant field to forecast events and
trends regarding the issues. Experts opinion and response are collected,
summarized, and any relevant material is removed.

b) Scenario writing: Is usually preferred when the company’s long-term

future is far too difficult to predict, The forecasters starts with different
sets of assumptions, and for each set of assumptions scenario of business
outcomes are charted. The forecasters thus generates several different
future scenario corresponding to different sets of assumptions allowing
the decision makers to decide which scenario is most likely to prevail.

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OR
8.a Briefly discuss the various methodologies and tools in product innovation process 10
M

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b. Discuss mission flow diagrams in Technology Forecasting 6M

Mission flow diagram is a specific type of activity diagram that
communicates a sequence of actions or movements for accomplishing a specific
objective. It was originally conceived for analysing military missions and hence
the name mission flow diagram. The below figure illustrates a simple flow
diagram, where in, forecasting based on the measure of performance related to
tasks executed in mission 1 and 2

Fig: Mission Flow Diagram

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Module-5
9.a Discuss the benefits of Virtual Product Development 6M
a) Gives an insight needed to develop &optimize products based on customer
needs and wants
b) Helps to identify and address potential safety issues before manufacturing
begins
c) Assists greatly in the innovation process by accurately predicting product
performance virtual testing environments, ultimately minimizing products
time-to-market ,design failure and product development costs
d) Saves time and cost involved in product development
e) Enhances speed of product development, which intern helps in faster product
delivery to market, Providing a competitive edge in market
f) Helps in evaluating alternative design concept, perform multiple product
tests, and prepare manufacturing tools and processes, without having to
build, test, and subsequently destroy expensive physical prototypes.
g) Allows many tasks to performed earlier in the product development cycle

b. Discuss the role of 3D CAD system in Virtual Product Development 10M

The 3D CAD strands for Three dimensional computer aided design and
covers a wide variety of design tools used by several industry professionals. It is
used to create three dimensional geometrical product representation with a virtual
environment allowing people to explore and share ideas, visualize concepts and
simulate how design will perform before they are made. The increase in
processing power of computers and graphic display capabilities have made the
creation of 3D images of parts and assemblies that are realistic, and be viewed
and rotated in any angle or direction for analysis and review. The 3D models can
be saved in different formats like IGPS, STEP, etc., Some of the today’s leading
3D CAD systems are Solid works, Solid Edge, Unigraphics, NX, Catia, etc
With 3D CAD systems, the designer can create assemblies of parts to
visualize how they fit together and test the motion and interaction of moving parts
with in the assembly, test and analyse how they will forces applied to them, test
how fluids will flow through them, evaluate how they will be manufactured using
simulations, In general 3D CAD systems form the core element of digital product
development

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OR
10.a What is data model discuss the different types of data model ? 10M

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Fig: Hierarchical Root Model

Fig: Network Data base

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b. Discuss the life cycle of individual items 6M

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Model Question Paper-2 with Answers

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80

Note: Answer five full questions choosing one full question from each Module

1.a Define components of PLM ? 6M

The two main components of PLM are,
Customer & Product
a. The product is the focus of PLM. Without a product the company
doesn’t need to exist and won’t have any customers.
b. If you want the company to succeed, focus on the products.
c. Once the product is known its life cycle can be defined.
d. Once the product is known, then the structure of the “extended
enterprise” that will develop and support it throughout its lifecycle can
be defined.
e. Once the organizational structure has been defined, the next component
to address includes the activities, tasks and processes the things that
have to be done.
f. Once the tasks have been clarified, people can be assigned to carry them
out as a function of their skills, knowledge and competence.
g. Once the necessary tasks are clear, the best way to group people to carry
out these tasks can be decided.

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1.b Discuss the SWOT analysis employed in selecting PLM strategy 10M

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OR
2.a Need for PLM 6M

a) Outsourcing has led to long design and supply chains with the result that
product development, manufacturing and support activities are spread out
over different organizations, often over different continents. Managing
them when they were in one company in one location was difficult
enough, managing them across an extended enterprise is many times more
difficult.
b) The functionality of products goes on increasing, complicating their
development and support.
c) Competitive pressures result in less time being available for product
development.
d) Many more services are offered along with a product, sometimes, it seems
as if the services are more important than the product. Developing and
supporting these services may require additional skills.
e) Consumers want customised products- which are much more difficult to
develop and support than standard products.
f) Consumers want more services- not easy for organizations that only used
to sell products.
g) Increased environmental awareness leads to calls for reduced pollution
from manufacturing and logistics.
h) The rapid emergence of new technologies provides many opportunities-
but also the difficulties of industrialising them and ensuring their safe use.
i) Sustainable development is needed to ensure resources are available for
future generations which mean companies have to take good care of
existing resources.
j) A stock exchange mentality, with managers more interested in quarterly
results than in the long-term well-being of their products and services.
k) The lifetime of some products is now so short, that the development of a
future generation has to start before the development of the previous
generation has been finished.

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2.b Explain the impact of strategy ? with a graph? 10M

Fig. (a) :PLM payback schedule-three levels of impact

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Module-2
3.a Define product design. And what are the objectives /requirements of a good 5M
product design?
Every product that is manufactured is supposed to have distinguishing physical
characteristics, which makes it attractive and provides usefulness and value to
customers; these characteristics is known as design, and the process employed
in this regard is known as Product design.
The following are the objectives /requirements of a good product design
a) Safety customer needs & expectations, and maximize the value for the
customer at minimum cost.
b) Production must be designed to be functional, attractive, have acceptable
dimensions, & easy to maintain.
c) Product design should enable cost effective production of product
through available production methods and materials.
d) Should satisfy the quality standards of the end product.
e) Must enhance the revenues and competitiveness of the organization in
the market .
f) Should satisfy the guidelines set by government and other regulatory
bodies.

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b. List the various benefits of Modeling and simulations in product design? 5M

The following are the benefits of Modeling and simulations
a) It ensures high flexibility in product design and development process.
b) Minimizes the risk of flawed designs, thereby improving design efficiency.
c) Helps the design to ensure process and product reliability and quality.
d) Allows evaluating a model to optimize product/system performance, or to
make predictions about a real product/system during the early stages of
design.
e) Provide the designer with immediate feedback on design decisions, which in
turn promises a more comprehensive exploration of design alternatives and a
better performing final design.
f) Significantly shortens the design cycle and reduces the cost of design by
creating and analysing virtual models, which otherwise would have been
complex with physical prototypes.
g) Reductions in cost and design cycles are crucial to remain competitive in a
world where the peace at which new consumer products are being developed
is ever increasing day-by-day.

c. Discuss the different guidelines to be followed during design for manufacturing 6M

The following are the common guidelines to be followed during design for
manufacturing
a) Simplify the design and reduce the number of parts : because for each part
,there is an opportunity for a defective part and an assembly error.
b) Standardise and use common material: to facilitate design activities, to
minimize the amount of inventory in the system and to standardise handling
and assembly operation.
c) Design for ease of fabrication: By selecting process compactible with the
materials and the production volumes. Also select materials compatible with
production processes and that minimize processing time while meeting
functional requirement.
d) Design with process capabilities and avoid unneeded surface finish
requirements.
e) Mistake proof product design and assembly so that the assemble process is
unambiguous. Components should be designed so that they can only be
assembled in one way, it cannot be reversed.
f) Design for parts orientation and handling to minimize non value added
manual effort and ambiguity in orienting and merging parts.
g) Minimize flexible parts such as belts, gaskets, tubing, cables and wire
harnesses to avoid material handling and assembly to more difficult and
susceptible to damage
h) Design for automated production that involves less flexibility than manual
production.

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OR
4.a What is design for X in product design. List the various techniques in design for X 10M
system

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The following are the techniques in design for X system

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b. Discuss the various strategies for recovery at end of product 6M

The strategies to be followed for the recovery of resources at the product’s end-
of-life can be grouped based on different recovery levels as listed below
a) Re-use: refers to the process of dis-assembling products to recover
unable parts and assemblies for the purpose of utilizing them in newly
manufactured products. Components that have not undergone excessive
deterioration during use and which guarantees the functional standards
and optimum working conditions. Can be recovered as components for
re- assemble.
b) Remanufacturing :it refers to returning used product via a manufacturing
type or intermediate process to at least its original performance by
specification with a warranty that is equivalent or better than that of the
newly manufactured product.
c) Reconditioning or Refurbishing: is the process of returning a used
product to satisfactory working condition that may be inferior to the
original specification. Generally, the resultant product has a warranty
that is less than that of newly manufactured equivalent.
d) Recycling: it refers to the process by which product materials destined
for disposal are collected, processed, and remanufactured into new
products. The materials of parts that cannot be reused, and composed of
recyclable compatible materials can be recycled by the recovery
processes included in the materials own life cycles.

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Module-3
5.a Explain the different stages for New Product Development 10M

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b. Discuss the steps involved in New Product Redesign 6M

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OR
6.a What are different factors for estimating market opportunities for new product 10M

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b. Discuss the factors to be considered for a new product market entry 6M

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Module-4
7.a Define Technology change and its impact on society 10M

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b. Classify the Technology forecasting & briefly explain the different methods used 6M
under each classification.

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OR
8.a Discuss relevance tree technique of forecasting with a suitable example 6M

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b. Discuss the approach behind integrating technological product innovation & 10

development within enterprises. M

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Module-5
9. Discuss the benefits of 3D cad system & digital Mock-up in virtual Product 10
a development M
The various benefits of 3D CAD system are listed as follows
a) Create conceptual design, Product layout, Strength and dynamic analysis
of parts and assemblies, and the manufacturing processes by transferring
detailed diagrams of a product’s materials, processes, and dimensions
with specific conventions for the product.
b) Increased design quality and accuracy.
c) Rapid generation of bill of materials and outsourced to production
planning.
d) Concepts and design ideas can quickly be mocked-up to provide options
and informed decision making in product development.
e) Engineering and manufacturing processes are enabled simultaneously
from shred 3D CAD data.
f) 3D CAD models can be used to produce prototypes from stereo-
lithography and other rapid prototyping technologies.
g) Perform swift alterations to 3D models whenever desired, automatically
updating 2D drawings of modified models.
h) 3D CAD enables a shift from traditional paper based design and
manufacturing system to a electronic paperless one, there by saving in
time energy and money.
Benefits of Digital Mock-up:
a) It provides ultra-high performance 3D viewing and analysis for product
design by providing simultaneous loading and analysis of data from
different CAD systems. Apart from reducing the number of physical
prototypes,
b) Digital mock-up provides a mechanism for sharing product information
and allowing design reviews to be quickly and easily conducted among
multiple team members and across multiple companies and geographies
thereby enhancing collaboration with in the organisation.
c) DMU also encourages more design alternatives, leading to increased
product innovation.

b. Briefly Discuss the information contained by material master 6M

Material master data contains description of all materials that a company
procures, Produces, stores, or sell. It is the central repository of information of
materials and contains information of variety of data elements including part
number, description, technical specifications and stock codes. The integration of
all material data in a single material database eliminates the problem of data
redundancy and permits the data to be used not only by various departments, but
also other applications such as inventory management, materials planning and
control, invoice verification and so on

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The following list shows some types of information a material master record
countians as follows
1) Accounting: Valuation and costing/price calculation information.
Ex: Standard price, past and future price, and current valuation.
2) Materials Planning and control: Information for material requirements
planning and consumption based planning/ inventory control.
Ex: safety stock level, planned delivery time,
3) Purchasing: Data provided by purchasing for a material.
Ex: group of buyers, order unit
4) Engineering: Engineering and design data for a material.
Ex: CAD drawings, basic dimensions, and design specifications.
5) Storage: Information relating to the storage/warehouse of a material.
Ex: unit of issue, storage conditions, and packing dimensions.
6) Forecasting: Information for predicting materials requirements.
Ex: How material is processed, forecasting period, and past
consumption/usage.
7) Sales and distribution: Information for sales order and pricing.
Ex: sales price, minimum order quality.

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OR
10. Discuss any two common techniques for analysing virtual product model 10M
a

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b. State the benefits of a product configurator 6M

The benefits of product configuration in general ensures a profitable solution for
the following problems.
a) Time lost entering orders: Sales engineering can spend more time
recording order details for complex products than they do selling them. It
can take hours to ensure that all calculations are complete, and that
specifications are captured and correctly transformed in the correct
product.
b) Errors and delays caused by poorly integrated information: Complex
orders can end up as manual documents and spreadsheets. Converting into
ERP BOM’s and route manuals lead to costly mistakes and delays in
project starts.
c) The daily battle to balance speed and quality: Product time-to-Market
delivery keeps getting shorter, but engineering cannot compromise
standards. Time needs to be focused on building great products, not on
date re-entry.
d) Inefficient change management: While working with multiple systems,
requests to modify a product enter the ecosystem too slowly. Without
centralized information, production can end up working with a different
product version than sales and engineering, deadlines get missed, and
error costs pile up.
e) NO way to access critical product and industry Knowledge : Individuals
are too pressured and busy to share information and answer questions
from sales, the channel, and customers.

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