Reference Basic G and M Codes

NOTE: Listed is not a complete G and M Code List.

See Reference
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-code#List_of_G-
codes_commonly_found_on_FANUC_and_similarly_designed_controls_for_milling_and_turning

URL: https://www.cnccookbook.com/g-code-m-code-reference-list-cnc-mills/
or users machine manufacturers website for full list

Code Description Corollary info

G00 On 2- or 3-axis moves, G00 (unlike G01) traditionally does not

necessarily move in a single straight line between start point and end
point. It moves each axis at its max speed until its vector quantity is
achieved. Shorter vector usually finishes first (given similar axis
Rapid positioning speeds). This matters because it may yield a dog-leg or hockey-stick
motion, which the programmer needs to consider, depending on what
obstacles are nearby, to avoid a crash. Some machines offer
interpolated rapids as a feature for ease of programming (safe to
assume a straight line).

G01 The most common workhorse code for feeding during a cut. The
program specs the start and end points, and the control automatically
calculates (interpolates) the intermediate points to pass through that
yield a straight line (hence "linear"). The control then calculates the
Linear interpolation angular velocities at which to turn the axis leadscrews via their
servomotors or stepper motors. The computer performs thousands of
calculations per second, and the motors react quickly to each input.
Thus the actual toolpath of the machining takes place with the given
feedrate on a path that is accurately linear to within very small limits.

G02 Very similar in concept to G01. Again, the

control interpolates intermediate points and commands the servo- or
stepper motors to rotate the amount needed for the leadscrew to
translate the motion to the correct tool tip positioning. This process
repeated thousands of times per minute generates the desired
toolpath. In the case of G02, the interpolation generates a circle rather
than a line. As with G01, the actual toolpath of the machining takes
place with the given feedrate on a path that accurately matches the
ideal (in G02's case, a circle) to within very small limits. In fact, the
Circular interpolation, interpolation is so precise (when all conditions are correct) that milling
clockwise an interpolated circle can obviate operations such as drilling, and often
even fine boring. Addresses for radius or arc center: G02 and G03
take either an R address (for the radius desired on the part)
or IJK addresses (for the component vectors that define the vector from
the arc start point to the arc center point). Cutter comp: On most
controls you cannot start G41 or G42 in G02 or G03 modes. You must
already have compensated in an earlier G01 block. Often, a short linear
lead-in movement is programmed, merely to allow cutter compensation
before the main action, the circle-cutting, begins. Full circles:When the
arc start point and the arc end point are identical, the tool cuts a 360°
arc (a full circle). (Some older controls do not support this because arcs
cannot cross between quadrants of the cartesian system. Instead, they
require four quarter-circle arcs programmed back-to-back.)

G03 Circular interpolation,

Same corollary info as for G02.
counterclockwise

G04 Takes an address for dwell period (may be X, U, or P). The dwell
period is specified by a control parameter, typically set to milliseconds.
Some machines can accept either X1.0 (s) or P1000 (ms), which are
equivalent. Choosing dwell duration: Often the dwell needs only to
last one or two full spindle rotations. This is typically much less than
Dwell
one second. Be aware when choosing a duration value that a long
dwell is a waste of cycle time. In some situations it won't matter, but for
high-volume repetitive production (over thousands of cycles), it is worth
calculating that perhaps you only need 100 ms, and you can call it 200
to be safe, but 1000 is just a waste (too long).

G17 XY plane selection

G18 ZX plane selection

G19 YZ plane selection

G20 Somewhat uncommon except in USA and (to lesser extent) Canada
and UK. However, in the global marketplace, competence with both
G20 and G21 always stands some chance of being necessary at any
time. The usual minimum increment in G20 is one ten-thousandth of an
Programming in inches
inch (0.0001"), which is a larger distance than the usual minimum
increment in G21 (one thousandth of a millimeter, .001 mm, that is,
one micrometre). This physical difference sometimes favors G21
programming.

G21 Prevalent worldwide. However, in the global marketplace, competence

Programming
with both G20 and G21 always stands some chance of being
in millimeters (mm)
necessary at any time.

G28 Return to home position

Takes X Y Z addresses which define the intermediate point that the tool
(machine zero, aka
tip will pass through on its way home to machine zero. They are in
machine reference
terms of part zero (aka program zero), NOT machine zero.
point)

G52 Temporarily shifts program zero to a new location. It is simply "an offset
from an offset", that is, an additional offset added onto the WCS offset.
This simplifies programming in some cases. The typical example is
moving from part to part in a multipart setup. With G54 active, G52
Local coordinate system
X140.0 Y170.0 shifts program zero 140 mm over in X and 170 mm over
(LCS)
in Y. When the part "over there" is done, G52 X0 Y0 returns program
zero to normal G54 (by reducing G52 offset to nothing). The same
result can also be achieved (1) using multiple WCS origins,
G54/G55/G56/G57/G58/G59; (2) on newer controls, G54.1
P1/P2/P3/etc. (all the way up to P48); or (3) using G10 for
programmable data input, in which the program can write new offset
values to the offset registers.[8] The method to use depends on shop-
specific application.
G53 Takes absolute coordinates (X,Y,Z,A,B,C) with reference to machine
Machine coordinate zero rather than program zero. Can be helpful for tool changes.
system Nonmodal and absolute only. Subsequent blocks are interpreted as
"back to G54" even if it is not explicitly programmed.
G54 to G59 Have largely replaced position register (G50 and G92). Each tuple of
Work coordinate axis offsets relates program zero directly to machine zero. Standard is
systems (WCSs) 6 tuples (G54 to G59), with optional extensibility to 48 more via G54.1
P1 to P48.
G90 Positioning defined with reference to part zero.
Milling: Always as above.
Turning: Sometimes as above (Fanuc group type B and similarly
designed), but on most lathes (Fanuc group type A and similarly
Absolute programming
designed), G90/G91 are not used for absolute/incremental modes.
Instead, U and W are the incremental addresses and X and Z are the
absolute addresses. On these lathes, G90 is instead a fixed cycle
address for roughing.
G90 Fixed cycle, simple
cycle, for roughing (Z- When not serving for absolute programming (above)
axis emphasis)
G91 Positioning defined with reference to previous position.
Milling: Always as above.
Turning: Sometimes as above (Fanuc group type B and similarly
Incremental designed), but on most lathes (Fanuc group type A and similarly
programming designed), G90/G91 are not used for absolute/incremental modes.
Instead, U and W are the incremental addresses and X and Z are the
absolute addresses. On these lathes, G90 is a fixed cycle address for
roughing.

Code Description Corollary info

M00 Non-optional—machine always stops on reaching M00 in the program

Compulsory stop
execution.

M01 Optional stop Machine only stops at M01 if operator pushes the optional stop button.

M02 Program ends; execution may or may not return to program top (depending
on the control); may or may not reset register values. M02 was the original
program-end code, now considered obsolete, but still supported for
End of program
backward compatibility.[10] Many modern controls treat M02 as equivalent
to M30.[10] See M30 for additional discussion of control status upon executing
M02 or M30.

M03 The speed of the spindle is determined by the address S, in

either revolutions per minute (G97 mode; default) or surface feet per
Spindle on (clockwise
minute or [surface] meters per minute (G96 mode [CSS] under
rotation)
either G20 or G21). The right-hand rule can be used to determine which
direction is clockwise and which direction is counter-clockwise.
Right-hand-helix screws moving in the tightening direction (and right-hand-
helix flutes spinning in the cutting direction) are defined as moving in the
M03 direction, and are labeled "clockwise" by convention. The M03 direction
is always M03 regardless of local vantage point and local CW/CCW
distinction.

M04 Spindle on
(counterclockwise See comment above at M03.
rotation)
M05 Spindle stop
M06 Many lathes do not use M06 because the T address itself indexes the turret.
Programming on any particular machine tool requires knowing which method
Automatic tool that machine uses. To understand how the T address works and how it
change (ATC) interacts (or not) with M06, one must study the various methods, such as
lathe turret programming, ATC fixed tool selection, ATC random memory tool
selection, the concept of "next tool waiting", and empty tools.[5]
M07 Coolant on (mist)
M08 Coolant on (flood)
M09 Coolant off
M13 Spindle on (clockwise This one M-code does the work of both M03 and M08. It is not unusual for
rotation) and coolant specific machine models to have such combined commands, which make for
on (flood) shorter, more quickly written programs.
M19 Spindle orientation is more often called within cycles (automatically) or
during setup (manually), but it is also available under program control
via M19. The abbreviation OSS (oriented spindle stop) may be seen in
reference to an oriented stop within cycles.
The relevance of spindle orientation has increased as technology has
advanced. Although 4- and 5-axis contour milling and CNC single-
pointing have depended on spindle position encoders for decades, before
the advent of widespread live tooling and mill-turn/turn-mill systems, it was
not as often relevant in "regular" (non-"special") machining for the operator
(as opposed to the machine) to know the angular orientation of a spindle as
Spindle orientation
it is today, except in certain contexts (such as tool change, or G76 fine
boring cycles with choreographed tool retraction). Most milling of features
indexed around a turned workpiece was accomplished with separate
operations on indexing head setups; in a sense, indexing heads were
originally invented as separate pieces of equipment, to be used in separate
operations, which could provide precise spindle orientation in a world where
it otherwise mostly didn't exist (and didn't need to). But as CAD/CAM and
multiaxis CNC machining with multiple rotary-cutter axes becomes the norm,
even for "regular" (non-"special") applications, machinists now frequently
care about stepping just about any spindle through its 360° with precision.

M30 Today, M30 is considered the standard program-end code, and returns
execution to the top of the program. Most controls also still support the
original program-end code, M02, usually by treating it as equivalent to
M30. Additional info: Compare M02 with M30. First, M02 was created, in
the days when the punched tape was expected to be short enough to splice
End of program, with
into a continuous loop (which is why on old controls, M02 triggered no tape
return to program top
rewinding).[10] The other program-end code, M30, was added later to
accommodate longer punched tapes, which were wound on a reel and thus
needed rewinding before another cycle could start.[10]On many newer
controls, there is no longer a difference in how the codes are executed—
both act like M30.
M104 Set Extruder Head
Sets the extruder Head Temperature
Temperature
M108 Extruder Speed
M109 Build Plate
Sets the Build Plate Temperature if the machine has a heated build plate
Temperature