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BLDC

The document discusses brushless DC (BLDC) motors and compares them to brushed DC motors. It states that BLDC motors eliminate the problem of commutation through brushes by using electronic switching of the motor windings instead. The rotor contains permanent magnets and the position of the rotor is sensed to commutate the motor windings properly. BLDC motors have higher efficiency and reliability than brushed motors as they have no brushes or commutator.

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Teena
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53 views

BLDC

The document discusses brushless DC (BLDC) motors and compares them to brushed DC motors. It states that BLDC motors eliminate the problem of commutation through brushes by using electronic switching of the motor windings instead. The rotor contains permanent magnets and the position of the rotor is sensed to commutate the motor windings properly. BLDC motors have higher efficiency and reliability than brushed motors as they have no brushes or commutator.

Uploaded by

Teena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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# the most severe problem with PMDC is the commutation with the aid of brushes.

Comparatively, BLDC motors have higher efficiency, smaller size & better cooling

# BLDC eliminates this problem as they have no commutator & brushes.

# Armature- stationary & permanent magnetic field system is mounted on the rotating shaft –
the commutation achieved by using semiconductor switches.

# thus BLDC treated as a synchronous motor with permanent magnet rotor & is supplied
current from a DC source through an inverter which is automatically synchronized

CLASSIFICATION

1. Based on rotor construction


a. Surface mounted PM motors
b. Embedded PM motors
c. Interior type PM motors
2. Based on Length of the pole arc
a. 180 deg pole arc BLDC
b. 120 deg pole arc BLDC
3. Based on number of phases and pulses
a. One-phase-one-pulse
b. One-phase-two-pulse
c. Two-phase-two-pulse
d. Three-phase-three-pulse
e. Three-phase-six-pulse
f. Multiphase-Multi pulse

CONSTRUCTION

Stator: made up of silicon steel stampings which are stacked together & fixed on the stator
frame-stator core has slots in the inner periphery to house the armature conductors – closed or
open type winding used – the armature winding is connected to the dc source through suitable
semiconductor switching circuit

Rotor: made up of forged steel & carries permanent magnets - the rotor core mounted on shaft

# for successful commutation the rotor posn should be feedback – for this purpose the posn
sensor is to be mounted on the shaft – the sensor output is used to generate apt signals for
triggering power electronic switches in the inverter ckt that feeds the BLDC
If magnets are mounted on the
surface of the rotor => surface
mounted PM rotor.

The magnets placed in the groves or


slots => Interior PM rotor

POSITION SENSORS (HALL SENSORS)

the commutation is controlled electronically. In order to rotate the motor, the windings of the
stator must be energized in a sequence and the position of the rotor (i.e. the North and South
poles of the rotor) must be known to precisely energize a particular set of stator windings.

A Position Sensor ,works on the principle of Hall Effect, is generally used to detect the
position of the rotor and transform it into an electrical signal. Most BLDC Motors use three
Hall Sensors that are embedded into the stator to sense the rotor’s position.

The output of the Hall Sensor will be either HIGH or LOW depending on whether the North or
South pole of the rotor passes near it. By combining the results from the three sensors, the
exact sequence of energizing can be determined.
APPLICATIONS:

 Consumer: hard drives, CD/DVD drives, PC Cooling Fans, toys, air conditioners
 Medical: Artificial heart, microscopes, dental surgical tools, organ transport pump system
 Vehicles: Electronic power steering, Personal electric vehicles
 Airplanes

BRUSHED DC MOTOR BLDC


It uses brushes to deliver current to the motor It uses electrical commutation instead to deliver
windings through mechanical commutation current
Field magnets on the stator Field magnets on the rotor
Armature winding is on rotor Armature winding is on stator
Commutation method: Mechanical contact Electronic switching using power semi-
between brushes and commutator conductor devices like transistor, MOSFET, etc.
Inexpensive and reliable but brushes require Little expensive but efficient and require no
periodic maintenance maintenance
Low speed range due to limitations by the
High speed range
brushes
Arcs in brushes will generate noise causing EMI
Low noise operation
in the equipment nearby.
Building cost higher since it has permanent
Building cost low
magnets
Controller is not required Controller is always required
Higher rotor inertia which limits the dynamic Low, because it has permanent magnets on the
chara rotor & this increases the dynamic response
Short life Long Life
Speed torque chara low- mechanical limitation
Higher – no mechanical limitation
by brushes

ADVANTAGES:

 Increased Reliability & Efficiency


 Longer Life
 Elimination of sparks from commutator
 Reduced friction
 Faster rate of Voltage & current

DISADVANTAGES:

 Requires complex drive circuitry


 Requires additional sensors
 Higher Cost
 Some designs require manual labor

BLDC PMSM
Fed with direct currents Fed with sinusoidal currents
Trapezoidal emf Sinusoidal emf
Stator flux position commutation each 60 deg Continuous stator flux position variation
Only 2 phases ON at the same time Possible to have 3 phases ON at the same time
Torque ripple at commutation No torque ripple at commutations
Low order current harmonics Less harmonics due to sinusoidal excitation
Higher core losses due to harmonic content Lower core loss
Higher switching losses at the same switching
Less switching losses
frequency
Control algorithms are relatively simple Control algorithms are mathematically intensive

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