Unit 3 Pre-Test Review – Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

MHF4U
Jensen

Section 1: 6.1/6.2 – Log as Inverse

1) Sketch a graph of each function. Then, sketch a graph of the inverse of each function. Label each graph with
its equation. Also, complete the table of information for each function
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑥

𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) =

𝑥-int: 𝑥-int:
𝑦-int: 𝑦-int:
Domain: Domain:
Range: Range:
Asymptote: Asymptote:
1 𝑥
b) 𝑔(𝑥) = (4)

𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒈−𝟏 (𝒙) =

𝑥-int: 𝑥-int:
𝑦-int: 𝑦-int:
Domain: Domain:
Range: Range:
Asymptote: Asymptote:

2) State the domain and range for the function, shown below.

Domain: 

x
      

Range:





3) Match each graph in the table with the graph of its inverse (A, B, or C). Then write an equation for each function

A) B) C)

Graph:

Equation:

Letter of Graph of Inverse:

Equation of inverse:

4) Rewrite each equation in logarithmic form.

a) 43 = 64 b) 28 = 3𝑥 c) 63 = 𝑦 d) 512 = 29

5) Rewrite each equation in exponential form.

a) 7 = log 2 128 b) 𝑥 = log 𝑏 𝑛 c) 5 = log 3 243 d) 19 = log 𝑏 4
6) Evaluate without a calculator. Show your work. Use either:

a) log 2 16 b) log 3 81 Rule: if 𝑥 𝑎 = 𝑥 𝑏 , then 𝑎 = 𝑏

Rule: log 𝑎 (𝑎𝑏 ) = 𝑏

1
c) log 4 (16) d) log 0.000 001

Section 2: 6.4 – Power Law of Logarithms

7) Evaluate each of the following without a calculator using the power law of logarithms.
1 4
a) log 2 323 b) log 1000−2 c) log 0.001−1 d) log 1 (16)
4

8) Solve for 𝑥, correct to 3 decimal places.

1 𝑥
a) 𝑥 = log 3 17 b) log 2 0.35 = 𝑥 c) 4𝑥 = 10 d) 80 = 100 ( )
2
9) Use the change of base formula to evaluate. Round to one decimal place.
a) log 9 12 b) log 0.25 52

10) Write as a single logarithm. Then evaluate without a calculator.

8
log 16 log( )
a) b) 27
2
log 4 log(3)

11) Solve, to two decimal places

a) log 4𝑥 = 7 b) 12 = log 3 4𝑚
12) An investment earns 12% interest, compounded annually. The amount, 𝐴, tha the investment is worth as a
function of time, 𝑡, in years, is given by 𝐴 = 1500(1.12)𝑡. Use the equation to determine…
a) the value of the investment after 4 years

b) how long it will take for the investment to double in value

Section 3: 7.3 – Product and Quotient Laws of Logarithms

13) Write as a single logarithm

1
a) log 7 8 + log 7 4 − log 7 16 b) 2 log 𝑎 + log(3𝑏) − 2 log 𝑐

14) Write as a sum or difference of logarithms. Simplify if possible.

𝑘
a) log(𝑎2 𝑏𝑐) b) log ( )
√𝑚
15) Evaluate, using the laws of logarithms.
a) log 6 8 + log 6 27 b) log 4 128 − log 4 8

25
c) 2 log 2 + 2 log 5 d) 2 log 3 + log ( 2 )

16) Simplify
a) log(2𝑚 + 6) − log(𝑚2 − 9) b) log(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15) − log(𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 12)

Section 4: 7.1/7.2 – Solving Exponential Equations

17) Write each as a power of 4

1 3 5
a) 64 b) 16 c) ( √8)

18) Write 20 as a power of 5.

19) Solve each equation

a) 35𝑥 = 27 𝑥−1 b) 82𝑥+1 = 32𝑥−1

20) Solve exactly. Then use your calculator to evaluate correct to 3 decimal places.

a) 3𝑥−2 = 5 𝑥 b) 2𝑘−2 = 3𝑘+1

21) Solve the following equations; round to 2 decimal places where appropriate.
a) 3𝑥 = 12 b) 10 = 2 ∙ 4 𝑥+2 c) 3 𝑥 = 41−𝑥
22) Solve each equation. Check for extraneous routes.

a) 42𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 20 = 0

b) 2𝑥 + 12(2)−𝑥 = 7
Section 5: 7.4 – Solving Logarithmic Equations

23) Solve each equation

a) log 4 𝑥 = 1.8 b) 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔5 (𝑥 − 2) = 1 c) 52𝑥 = 2(5)𝑥 + 1

24) Solve
a) log(2𝑥 + 10) = 2 b) 1 − log(2𝑥) = 0

25) Solve. Check for extraneous roots.

a) log 2 𝑥 + log 2 (𝑥 + 2) = 3 b) log 3(3𝑥 + 7) = 2
c) log 5 (2𝑥 + 1) = 1 − log 5 (𝑥 + 2)

Section 6: 7.4 – Applications

Exponential Formulas
t
 1 H t
A  t   A0 1  i  A  t   A0   A  t   A0  2  D
t

2
general, where i is half-life, H is doubling, D is
percent growth(+) the half-life period the doubling period
or decay(-)

Logarithmic Formulas

Where pH is acidity and Where 𝛽 is loudness in dB Where M is magnitude

[H+] is concentration of and I is intensity of sound measure by richters,
hydronium ions mol/L in W/m2 I is intensity

26) When you drink a cup of coffee or a glass of cola, or when you eat a chocolate bar, the percent, 𝑃, of
log 𝑃
caffeine remaining in your bloodstream is related to the elapsed time, 𝑡, in hours by 𝑡 = 5 (log 0.5)

a) How long will it take for the amount of caffeine to drop to 20% of the amount consumed?

b) Suppose you drink a cup of coffee at 9:00 am, what percent of the caffeine will remain in your body at
noon?
27) A 50-mg sample of cobalt-60 decays to 40 mg after 1.6 minutes.

a) Determine the half-life of cobalt-60.

b) How long will it take for the sample to decay to 5% of its initial amount?

28) Determine the pH, correct to one decimal place, of a solution with each hydronium ion concentration.
a) 0.000 316 mol/L b) 7.9 × 10−9 mol/L

29) Calculate the hydronium ion concentration, correct to two decimal places, if the pH of a solution is
a) 2.2 b) 11.6

30) Use the sound level scale in your notes to answer the following:
a) How many times as intense is a normal conversation compared to a whisper?

b) How many times as intense is normal city traffic compared to a shout?

31) The intensity of sound in a library is estimated to be one thousandth that of normal conversation. What is
the decibel rating for the library?

32) How many times as intense is an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2 than an earthquake with a
magnitude of 5.6?

33) If an earthquake is 390 times as intense as an earthquake with a magnitude of 4.2 on the Richter scale,
what is the magnitude of the more intense earthquake?

34) The absolute magnitude of star A is –4.5 and that of star B is 0.2. How many times as bright is star A than
star B, to the nearest unit?
35) An altimeter is a device that measures the height of a plane above the ground. It works based on air
𝑃
pressure according to the formula ℎ = 18400𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑃0, where h is the height above the ground in metres, P is
the air pressure at that height, and 𝑃0 was the air pressure on the ground at takeoff. Air pressure is measure
in kilopascals (kPa).

a) Air pressure on the ground was 102 kPa. If the airplane instruments measure a pressure of 32.5 kPa outside
the plane, what is the height of the airplane to the nearest metre?

b) What is the outside air pressure for a plane flying at 11 000 metres? Assume a ground pressure 102.5 kPa.
Round to one decimal place.

c) How high would a plane have to be flying when it encountered air pressure in the air that was half the air
pressure on the ground? Round to the nearest meter.
Answer Key

See posted solutions for #1-3

4)a) log 4 64 = 3 b) log 3 28 = 𝑥 c) log 6 𝑦 = 3 d) log 2 512 = 9

5)a) 27 = 128 b) 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑛 c) 35 = 243 d) 𝑏19 = 4
6)a) 4 b) 4 c) -2 d) -6
7)a) 15 b) -6 c) 3 d) 8
8)a) 2.579 b) -1.515 c) 1.661 d) 0.322
9)a) 1.1 b) -2.9
8
10)a) log 4 16 = 2 b) log 2 ( ) = 3
3 27

11)a) 11.63 b) 9.51

12)a) $2360.28 b) 6.12 years
3𝑎2𝑏
13)a) log 7 2 b) log ( )
√𝑐
1
14)a) 2 log 𝑎 + log 𝑏 + log 𝑐 b) log 𝑘 − log 𝑚
2

15)a) 3 b) 2 c) 2 d) 2.05
2 𝑥+5
16)a) log (𝑚−3) b) log (𝑥−4)
5
17)a) 43 b) 4−2 c) 42
log 20
18) 5 log 5
3
19)a) 𝑥 = − 2 b) 𝑥 = −8
2 log 3 2 log 2+log 3
20)a) 𝑥 = log 3−log 5 ≅ −4.301 b) 𝑘 = ≅ −6.129
log 2−log 3

21a) 2.26 b) -0.84 c) 0.56

log 5 log 3
22)a) 𝑥 = log 4 ≅ 1.16 b) 𝑥 = 2 or 𝑥 = log 2 ≅ 1.58

23)a) 12.13 b) 2.5 c) 𝑥 = 0.548

24)a) 45 b) 5
2 1
25)a) 2 b) 3 c) 2
26)a) 11.6 hours b) 66%
27)a) 5 min b) 21.6 min
28)a) 3.5 b) 8.1
12
29) a) 6.31 103 mol/L b) 2.51  10 mol/L
30) a) 1000 b) 3.2
31) 30 dB
32) 39.8
33) 6.8
34) a) 50119
35) a) 9140m b) 25.9 kPa c) 5539m